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1、第 1 页 专题限时集训(十六)细节理解题(一)A(2021苏北四市摸底考试)An oral drug，named ERDRP0519，was invented.It is specifically designed to protect people who got infected measles(麻疹)from spreading the virus to others.Like the flu，measles spreads through the air by breathing，coughing or sneezing.There is typically a time，about
2、 two weeks，between becoming infected with the virus and the beginning of symptoms like skin rash(皮疹)，runny nose，heavy cough and high fever.“This therapy application determines the desired characteristics of the drug，which are orally available,costeffective manufacture and high stability，Richard Klem
3、perer，professor of Georgia State University，told reporters last Wednesday.“With these criteria in mind，we have developed a small drug that blocks the measles virus over the past years，which is essential for copy of the virus.The researchers tested the drug in rats infected with canine distemper viru
4、s(犬瘟病)，which is a close relative of measles virus.They found that all of the infected rats treated 第 2 页 with the drug survived the deadly infection，showed no clinical signs of disease and developed a strong protective immune response.“The drug could be used to treat friends，family and other social
5、contacts of a person infected with measles virus，which have not developed symptoms yet but are at risk of having caught the disease，Klemperer said truthfully.“The emergence of strong antiviral immunity(抗病毒免疫力)in treated animals is particularly encouraging，since it suggests that the drug may not only
6、 save an infected individual from disease but contribute to closing measles immunity gaps in a population，Klemperer said.The researchers emphasized the drug is not intended as a substitute for vaccination，but as an additional weapon to get rid of the measles.They planned to test the drugs safety in
7、larger animals，before moving into clinical trials in humans.“If our next series of studies confirms that the human situation mirrors what we have seen in rats，then this drug may make a major contribution to getting rid of measles by preventing local outbreaks，Klemperer said.Despite the existence of
8、an effective vaccine，annual measles deaths worldwide have remained constant at around 第 3 页 150，000 since 2007.The reasons for this are the highly infectious nature of the virus，in the developing world largely due to issues of resources，and in many developed countries in particular in the European r
9、egion due to parental concerns regarding vaccination safety.本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读理解。文章介绍了一种用于预防麻疹病毒传播的新药。1If a boy got infected by measles virus，he might NOT show the symptom like _ Arunny nose Bbad cough Chigh fever Dsick stomach D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，麻疹的病症包括流鼻涕、咳嗽与高烧，而不包括胃疼。应选 D。2From what Klemperer said，we
10、know that the drug _ Ais only intended as a substitute for vaccination Bcan only save those infected individuals from disease Cis costeffective and high stability for curing measles Dhas the same effect on human as on larger animals C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知，C 项正确。3The best title of the passage is“_ AThe In
11、troduction of a New Oral Drug 第 4 页 BThe Desired Characteristics of Drugs CThe Common Symptoms of Getting Measles DThe Application of Postexposure Therapy A 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种名叫ERDRP0519 的新药，这种药主要用于防止麻疹病毒传染。因此选 A。B(2021石家庄市调研检测)During the two and a half years since I settled down in Germany，Iv
12、e caught a cold several times and gotten to experience how different German cold remedies(疗法)are from the Chinese ones.Back in Taiwan，whenever I had a streaming nose and a dry throat，Id rush to the hospital to get prescribed medicine.For a fever，I would receive a red pill，which I now know is a type
13、of antibiotic(抗生素)Another thing I know now is that the criminal behind my cold is a virus.The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms.When I went to a German hospital intending to get some medicine to treat my cold，I got nothing more than a pat on my shoulder and words from the doctor，saying that I
14、should get some really good rest.The first time this 第 5 页 happened，I was shocked.I wondered how I could put up with my sickness without the help of medicine.But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to selfmedicate as other Germans do.I learned to take vitamin C to build up my resist
15、ance.But what I like the most is drinking“ErkltungsteeFor German people，Erkltungstee is what their grandmother gives them when they catch a cold.Its a tea bag mainly made of lime flower and orange rind.Another popular cold remedy in Germany is chicken soup.During my first winter in Germany，I got a r
16、eally bad cold.My neighbor brought me a bowl of chicken soup to make me feel better.It contained a lot of ginger，onion，garlic，carrots and celery.Germans believe these ingredients are perfect for helping your body recover.本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在德国是如何应对感冒的故事。4 How did the author feel after seeing the German
17、 doctor ARelieved.BSurprised.CSatisfied.DStressed.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first time this happened，I was shocked.可知，作者第一次在德国看医生时，医生的应对方式让他很震惊。第 6 页 5 According to the author，what effect do antibiotics have on his cold AThey cure his cold.BThey prevent the disease.CThey kill the virus in him.DThey make hi
18、m feel better.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms.可推知，作者之前生病时所吃的抗生素只是缓解了感冒的病症，让他自己感觉好一些而已。6What do Germans think of“Erkltungstee？AIt can replace any cold remedy.BIt can build up ones resistance.CIts a good way to selfmedicate.DIts better than chicken soup.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句
19、“But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to selfmedicate as other Germans do.并结合最后一段所列举的 Erkltungstee 的例子可知，它是一种自我疗法。7What can we infer from the text AGermans tend not to use antibiotics to treat a cold.BThe author often catches a cold in Taiwan.CThe author seldom drinks chicken sou
20、p.第 7 页 DGerman doctors are cold to patients.A 推理判断题。根据第三段与最后一段内容可知，德国人感冒后医生是不给开药的，而且德国人有自我疗法。由此可推知，德国人不会一感冒了就去吃抗生素。【导学号：57732054】C(2021西安市教学质量检测)Cheerleading(拉 拉 队)dates back to the late 19th century，when crowds began to chant and yell to encourage their teams.Credit for the first organized cheer w
21、as given to a University of Minnesota student named Johnny Campbell，who got the students to shout“Rah，rah，rah!Skuumar，Hoorah!Hoorah!Varsity!Varsity!Varsity，Minnesota！for their football team in the 1898 season.Soon after，a yellleader group of six male students was organized，a practice that became pop
22、ular at numerous other universities.For the first few decades of its history cheerleading was an allmale activity，but by the 1920s，women began to take part in the activity as well.Nowadays more than 90%of Americas cheerleading participants are female.In 1948，Lawrence Herkimer，a former Southern Metho
23、dist University cheerleader formed the National 第 8 页 Cheerleaders Association(NCA)Herkimer is credited with creating many of cheerleadings fundamental moves.Cheerleading remained in its supporting role until the 1980s，when cheerleading competitions，organized by the National Cheerleaders Association
24、 and other groups，started to grow in popularity.For the first time，teams got off the sidelines and took centre stage，competing with teams from all over the US.Today cheerleaders can be found at almost any kind of sporting event，including the Olympics and the Cricket World Cup.The sport has spread fr
25、om the US.to many other countries，like Mexico.本文是说明文。简单介绍了拉拉队的开展历史。8Which of the following is TRUE to the first organized cheer AIt started in the early 19th century.BIt made crowds around the school chant and yell to encourage their teams.CIt had the students shout certain words for their football
26、team.DIt got a group of six male students to shout for their football team.第 9 页 C 细节理解题。第一段第二句提到，第一次有组织的加油助威要归功于明尼苏达大学的学生强尼坎伯，在 1898 年赛季他让学生(而非学校周围的人或者六个男学生)喊口号为他们的足球队助威，故C 项正确，B、D 两项错误。此外，再结合第一段的首句可知，拉拉队开场于 19 世纪晚期，而第一次有组织的加油助威开场于 1898 年赛季，即 19 世纪晚期，故 A 项错误。9At the early years of the cheerleading
27、history _ took part in the activity.Aonly men Bonly girls Cboth males and females Dboth youths and adults A 细节理解题。第二段第一句提到，在拉拉队出现的早期，拉拉队的活动全是男性参加，而到了 20 世纪 20 年代才有了女性参加。10After the 1980s，teams of cheerleading _ Aplayed their part on the sidelines Bcould play their part on the centre stage Cstayed th
28、e same as they were before Dwere completely different from what they were before B 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，20 世纪 80 年代之后，拉拉队离开场外区域，进入了场区的中心位置，并且与来自全美的其他队伍竞争。故 B 项正确。第 10 页 11The best title for this passage may be“_ APeople who started cheerleading BHow cheerleading was started CWhat cheerleading means DA brief history of cheerleading D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了拉拉队的开展历史。故 D 项做文章标题最正确。