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1、关于名词性从句讲练结合现在学习的是第1页，共60页v 名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、名词性从句分为四种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它们都可以由名词充当（名词作主语、宾语、们都可以由名词充当（名词作主语、宾语、表语和同位语），因此被统称为名词性从句。表语和同位语），因此被统称为名词性从句。v 四种名词性从句的共同特点是：四种名词性从句的共同特点是：它们它们的语序都是陈述的语序的语序都是陈述的语序。现在学习的是第2页，共60页主语从句主语从句v主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之
2、前，但多数情况下是由多数情况下是由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。如：作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。如：vWho did that is known to all.是谁干的早已众所周知。是谁干的早已众所周知。vIt is interesting that you should like him.v真有趣，你竟然会喜欢他。真有趣，你竟然会喜欢他。1.连词连词that(无词义无词义,不作成分不作成分,不能省略不能省略);whether(是否是否);That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is
3、 still a question.It is not known whether he will come.注意注意:已确定的事由已确定的事由thatthat引导引导;没决定的事由没决定的事由whetherwhether引导引导.现在学习的是第3页，共60页2.2.常见的用常见的用itit作形式主语的复合结构作形式主语的复合结构:It is+名词名词+that从句；从句；It is a fact(a pity，a shame，no wonder，good news.)that.It is+形容词形容词+that从句；从句；It is necessary(strange，important，w
4、onderful，possible，likely，.)that.这类句中谓语动词多为这类句中谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形动词原形 It is+过去分词过去分词+that 从句；从句；It is said(reported，decided，believed，.)that.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that 从句；从句；It seems(happened，doesnt matter，has turned out，.)that.现在学习的是第4页，共60页3.3.特殊句式特殊句式1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.1.Ihate_whenp
5、eopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatC.ifD.for 为了使句子保持平衡，常用为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主语从句或宾语来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后
6、面，尤其是连词词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。现在学习的是第5页，共60页4.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致1.主主语语从从句句通通常常被被看看作作一一个个整整体体,主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数形式数形式.That they will come is certain.2.由由who,who,whoeverwhoever引引导导的的主主语语从从句句的的单单复复数数要要视视从从句句中的单复数而定中的单复数而定.Whoever say that are to be punished.Who are going there have been
7、decided.Who are going there have been decided.3.What 引引引引导导导导主主主主语语语语从从从从句句句句时时时时,主主主主句句句句谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词的的的的单单单单复复复复数数数数由由由由表表表表语语语语的单复数决定的单复数决定的单复数决定的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.What he wants is some water.现在学习的是第6页，共60页表语从句表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。它位于连系动词(如be，seem，remain 等后)。按引导词的不同，可分为下面三类：(1
8、)由从属连词引导（if不能引导表语从句）如：The fact is that we are behind other groups.事实是我们落后于别的组。(2)由连接代词引导。如：China is not what it used to be.中国已不是从前那个样子了。(3)由连接副词引导。如：This is where you are wrong.这正是你错的地方。现在学习的是第7页，共60页(4)有时as，as if，as though，because也可以引导表语从句。如：Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。
9、It looks as if it were going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。It is because you eat too much.那是因为你吃得太多。as if 引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小 He acted as if he hadnt eaten for a long time.表示建议表示建议 命令命令 要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气:My suggestion is that you should practise reading English every day.现在
10、学习的是第8页，共60页表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.3.seem,appear后后可可接接that引引导导的的从从句句,而而look则不可则不可.这三个词后都可用这三个词后都可用as if/as though as if/as though 引导从句引导从句.It seems/appears
11、 that he was late for the train yesterday.It seems/appears/looks as if we have to go home on foot.关于引导词的说明关于引导词的说明现在学习的是第9页，共60页宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句即在句中作宾语的从句。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以接宾语从句，宾语从句的用法必须把握三个关键点：连接词、语序和时态。1.宾语从句的时态 (1)在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。如：He asked whe
12、n they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。现在学习的是第10页，共60页(2)在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句的时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，先用适合的时态。如：Do you know when well have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已经去上海了。(3)当宾语
13、从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，都用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光比声音的速度要快。现在学习的是第11页，共60页2.宾语从句的语序(1)如果是助动词如果是助动词do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换为构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉这些助动词，从句中的谓语动词要根据宾语从句时，要去掉这些助动词，从句中的谓语动词要根据主句的时态作出相应的变化。主句的时态作出相应的变化。如：Does he sing well?The tea
14、cher asked him.Teacher asked him whether/if he sang well.(2)如果是如果是will，be，have，can等助动词、情态动词构等助动词、情态动词构成的问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要把这类词还原到句成的问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要把这类词还原到句中原来谓语的位置上，同时根据主句的时态作出相应的中原来谓语的位置上，同时根据主句的时态作出相应的变化。变化。如：She asked me.Will you be free tomorrow?She asked me if I would be free the next day.提示：带有宾语从句的
15、复合句的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。若主句是陈述句，句末用句号，主句是疑问句则用问号。现在学习的是第12页，共60页3.宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that，whether与if。另外有连接代词what，which，who，whom及连接副词when，where，how，why。具体如下：(1)宾语从句的句子是陈述句用that引导，that可以省略。如：He knew(that)he should study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。(2)宾语从句的句子是一般疑问句用if或whether引导。如：He asked me if/whe
16、ther he could come in.他问我他能否进来。(3)作为宾语从句的句子若是特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词引导。如：Can you tell me which class you are in?你能告诉我你在哪个班吗？现在学习的是第13页，共60页2.2.当当当当that that 引引引引导导导导的的的的从从从从句句句句作作作作复复复复合合合合宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的第第第第一一一一个个个个成成成成分分分分时时时时，需需需需用用用用先先先先行行行行词词词词it it 作作作作形形形形式宾语，把从句放到句末，式宾语，把从句放到句末，式宾语，把从句放到句末，式宾语，把从句放到句末，tha
17、t that 不能省略。如：不能省略。如：不能省略。如：不能省略。如：We consider it possible that he is ill.We consider it possible that he is ill.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.1.1.由连词由连词由连词由连词that that 引导引导引导引导:that:that 常可省略。常可省略。常可省略。常可省略。I told him(that)I would come b
18、ack soon.I told him(that)I would come back soon.注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略或有插入语时不能省略或有插入语时不能省略或有插入语时不能省略that.)that.)He He said said(that)(that)he he had had finished finished reading reading this this novel novel and and that that he he would borrow another o
19、ne.would borrow another one.关于关于that的说明的说明3.3.3.3.当当当当thatthatthatthat作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，thatthatthatthat不可省掉。不可省掉。不可省掉。不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.现在学习的是第14页，共60页（1）作动词的宾语:He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪里作宾语的情形作宾语的情形 动词动词suggest，order，d
20、emand，require等表示建议等表示建议 命令命令 要要求的宾语从句要用虚拟语气求的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(宾语从句的谓语用宾语从句的谓语用should+动词原形，动词原形，should 可省略可省略)I suggested that you(should)start right now.我建议你马上我建议你马上开始开始 如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语，而将从句放到补足语后面后面 I thought it strange that he didnt pass the exam.我觉得他没我觉得他没通过考试很奇怪通过考
21、试很奇怪 现在学习的是第15页，共60页 在在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句中，等动词后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式等变为否定形式 I dont think you are right.我想你是不对的 He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪里 在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以等动词以及及Im afraid等后，可用
22、等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代代替一个否定的宾语从句替一个否定的宾语从句:Do you believe it will clear up?你认为天会放晴吗你认为天会放晴吗?I believe so.(I dont believe so./I believe not.)我认为会我认为会(我认为不我认为不会会)Hope(否定否定)常用：常用：I hope not现在学习的是第16页，共60页(2)作介词的宾语:Did she say anything about how we should do the work?他有没有说我们应当怎样做这个工作
23、?That引导的宾语从句只有在引导的宾语从句只有在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到等少数介词后偶尔可能用到 Your article is good except that it is too long.除了太长外，你的论文很好 有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it Ill see to it that everything is ready.我将负责把一切准备好现在学习的是第17页，共60页(3)作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语:Im afraid that I have made a mistake.if和和whet
24、her引导宾语从句的区别，即用引导宾语从句的区别，即用whether不用不用if的情况有的情况有:作介词宾语，用于作介词宾语，用于whether+to do whether or not和用作和用作discuss的宾语等的宾语等 It depends on whether it is fine.要看天气是否晴朗要看天气是否晴朗 Im not sure whether to leave this afternoon.我不敢肯定今天下午是不是要出发我不敢肯定今天下午是不是要出发 He can not decide whether or not to take the exam.他不能决定他不能决定
25、参不参加考试参不参加考试 We are discussing whether we will hold a meeting this weekend.我们在讨论这个周末是否要举行一场会议我们在讨论这个周末是否要举行一场会议 现在学习的是第18页，共60页doubt用于肯定句中，宾语从句可以用if或whether引导 I doubt if(whether)you will come for a visit tomorrow.我怀疑你明天是否要来拜访一下doubt用于否定句或疑问句中，宾语从句用用于否定句或疑问句中，宾语从句用that引导引导 He doesnt doubt that his mo
26、ther will give him a ride home for sure.他很确信他的妈妈会开车带他回家他很确信他的妈妈会开车带他回家 现在学习的是第19页，共60页同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明或解释前面一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连接代词的名词。引导同位语从句的连接代词that,连接副词连接副词how,when,where等。等。（1）常见的标志词有）常见的标志词有:Idea,belief,doubt,fact,hope,news,possibility,thought,promise,advise,s
27、uggest,proposal,demand,request,wish,word,message,information,truth,case,problem,question；.The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机可以识别人的声音，这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。计算机可以识别人的声音，这种想法使许多人感到惊奇。现在学习的是第20页，共60页We must remember the fact that goats usually live in mountainous country
28、.我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。我们得记住山羊总是生活在山区这一事实。（2）how，when，where，why等连接副词也可引导同位等连接副词也可引导同位语从句，在从句中可作成分，但引导的句子不修饰前面的语从句，在从句中可作成分，但引导的句子不修饰前面的标志词，只说明内容。标志词，只说明内容。如如:I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候会回来。我不知道他什么时候会回来。在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he has gone.I have no
29、 idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.现在学习的是第21页，共60页1）主语从句应注意的地方：）主语从句应注意的地方：(a)连接代词连接代词that不可省略。不可省略。如：如：That he will come is certain。(that不可省略不可省略)他肯定会来。他肯定会来。(b)主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用it作形式主语。作形式主语。如：如：It has not
30、 been decided when they will leave for New York.他们什么时候动身去纽约还没有决定。他们什么时候动身去纽约还没有决定。名词性从句应注意的地方名词性从句应注意的地方现在学习的是第22页，共60页(c)在在it is a pity，it is a shame，it is strange（surprising），），it is no wonder，it is（necessary，essential，important）等结构后的主语从句中常采用虚拟语）等结构后的主语从句中常采用虚拟语气形式：气形式：“should动词原形动词原形/完成式完成式”，表示遗憾
31、、惊奇、重，表示遗憾、惊奇、重要等，要等，should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。如：如：It is a great pity that he should be so greedy.真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点。真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点。现在学习的是第23页，共60页acould/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。的时态
32、根据实际情况用不同时态。vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2 2 2 2）宾语从句应注意的地方：）宾语从句应注意的地方：）宾语从句应注意的地方：）宾语从句应注意的地方：b.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动词是动词是say时，连词用时，连词用that。vShesays(that)shewillleaveamessa
33、geonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.现在学习的是第24页，共60页d.if和whether引导宾语从句时，常常可以互换，但whether常和or not连用，而if则习惯上不与or not 连用；另外，介词宾语从句不能用if，这时只能用whether。如：I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知道这是否是真的。Every
34、thing depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都要看我们是否有足够的经验。c.c.如何辨别表语从句和宾语从句：如何辨别表语从句和宾语从句：表语从句跟在连系动词后，而宾语从句跟在及物动词或介词后。表语从句跟在连系动词后，而宾语从句跟在及物动词或介词后。3）同位语从句应注意的地方：）同位语从句应注意的地方：(a)常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，doubt，fear等。
35、等。现在学习的是第25页，共60页(b)同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明性质特征；前者说明名词的内容，后者说明性质特征；前者所用的连词不是从句中的一个成分，后者所用的前者所用的连词不是从句中的一个成分，后者所用的关系代词关系代词that是句子中的一个成分。较长时，多放在是句子中的一个成分。较长时，多放在句子后部，用句子后部，用it作形式主语。试比较：作形式主语。试比较：He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.(同位语从句同
36、位语从句)他建议先讨论第二个问题。他建议先讨论第二个问题。The suggestion that he put forward was turned down.(定语从句定语从句)他提出的建议被拒绝了。他提出的建议被拒绝了。现在学习的是第26页，共60页The news that they won the match is true.他们赢得比赛的消息是真的(同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系，that不可省略)The news that you told us yesterday is true.你昨天告诉我的那个消息是真的(定语从句，news 是told 的逻辑宾语，that可省略)从
37、意义上讲，从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词进行修饰限定进行修饰限定 从结构上讲，从结构上讲，前者由连接词引导，后者由关前者由连接词引导，后者由关系词引导系词引导 从内涵上讲，从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，系，that不可省略不可省略 后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语等状语等 当被限定的名词是从句逻辑上当被限定的名词是从句逻辑上的宾语时，的宾语时，that 可省略可省略 现在学习的是第27页，共60页practise:1._ h
38、e will be sent to Hainan is certain.A.Why B.Whether C.That D.How2.It isnt decided yet _ we will attend the meeting.A.if B.why C.that D.whether3._ they have won the game made us excited.A./B.That C.What D.Where4.The gentleman insisted that he _ the wallet.A.had not seen B.not see C.would not see D.di
39、d not see5.You can write about _ topic you like.A.which B.whose C.whatever D.no matter what现在学习的是第28页，共60页6._ think will take care of the children?A.Who you B.who do you C.Whom you D.Whom do you7.Hed like to know what _ today.A.the weather looks B.does the weather look C.the weather looks like D.doe
40、s the weather look like8.Is that your watch?No,I cant tell _.A.whose is that watch B.whose that watch is C.whose watch is that D.whose watch is9.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like现在学习的是第29页，共
41、60页10.Id like to know _ tomorrow.A.if it rain B.how is the weather like C.what the weather is like D.if will the weather be fine11.Lei Feng was always thinking of _ he could help others.A.that B.how C.whom D.which12.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A.left;had arr
42、ived B.left;arrived C.had left;had arrived D.had left;arrived w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m13.The question is _ you should do next.A.what B.that C.how D.why现在学习的是第30页，共60页14.I know nothing about her but _ she is from Canada.A.how B.when C.that D.why15.It depends on _ we have enough time.A.if B.if or not C.tha
43、t D.whether16._ he doesnt like them is very clear.A.What B.That C.Which D.Where17.The green typewriter is mine.Do you know whose typewriter _?A.is this blue one B.this blue one C.it is this blue one D.this blue one is18.The reason _ nothing on earth is motionless is _ the earth is in constant motion
44、（运动）（运动）.A.why;that B.that;why C.of;that D.that;because现在学习的是第31页，共60页19._ proves that my advice is right.A.It will happen that B.That has happened C.What has happened D.When it happens20.What a pity _ is _ you didnt arrive by day.A.there;because B.it;that C.he;when D.that;for21.I believe _ youve do
45、ne your best and _ things will happen.Thank you.A.That;/B./;/C.what;that D./;that22.Please give the book to _ wins the first prize.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever现在学习的是第32页，共60页23.The fire destroyed _ was in the building.A.all B.what C.that D.which24.The question he asked was _the electrical equip
46、ment should be stored.A.what B.which C.where D.because25.These photographs will show you _.A.what our village looks like B.what does our village look like C.how our village looks like D.how does our village look like26.A mans worth lies not so much in _ he has as in _ he is.A.that;what B.what;what C
47、.that;that D.what;that现在学习的是第33页，共60页27._I told you just now was _ had been written in the letter.A.What;what B.That;that C.Whether D.If;who28._studies hard will pass the examination.A.Whoever B.Any student C.Who D.Those who29.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job in time?A.it B.this C.that D.he30
48、._ is unknown to us all.A.Where did he get it B.Where he got itC.That where he got D.Which he got it31._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter现在学习的是第34页，共60页32._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,wha
49、t33.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A,while B.that C.if D.for34.Do you remember _ he came?Yes,I do,he came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.if35.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.A.there B.where C.there where D.where there36.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or
50、 she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever现在学习的是第35页，共60页37.Can you tell me _?A.who is that woman B.who the woman isC.whom is the woman D.that woman is38.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which39.The mountain is no longer _ it used toA.which B.that C