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1、关于句子成分和结构(2)第1页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日词类词类(parts of speech)词类英语名称作用例词名词形容词数词表示人和事物的名称表示人和事物的名称人和事物的特征人和事物的特征表示数目和顺序表示数目和顺序bookgunbravebigninethirdn.a.,adj.num.代词动词副词代替名称代替名称 动词等动词等表示动作和状态表示动作和状态动作特征或性状特征动作特征或性状特征pron.v.adv.theymanyfightknowbravely very实义词实义词第2页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日词类词类英语英语名称名称 作作 用用例例 词词冠词冠词介词介词连词连
2、词感叹词感叹词art.prep.conj.interj.用在名称前，帮助说明其用在名称前，帮助说明其意义意义在名称，代词前，说明在名称，代词前，说明它与别的词之间的关系它与别的词之间的关系用来连接词与词或句与用来连接词与词或句与句句说话时的感情或口气说话时的感情或口气a,an,the,for,from with withoutand,if.asoh,ah不能独立担当成分不能独立担当成分虚词虚词第3页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日句子成分句子成分主谓宾表主谓宾表定状补定状补同位语同位语第4页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日Different parts of a sentence 概概 念念句子是由词
3、按照一定的语法结构组成的句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语宾语（直接和间接宾语）、（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。第5页，讲稿
4、共65张，创作于星期日1.1.主语主语表示所说的对象是表示所说的对象是“谁谁”或者是或者是“什么什么”.主语一般由主语一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相当于名词的或相当于名词的词词,短语或从句充当。短语或从句充当。I like English.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he said upset me.（主语从句）（主语从句）It hasnt been decided whether the sports game will be held.(主语从句主语从句)第6页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日2.2.谓语谓语位置一般在主语之后，说
5、明主语的位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作动作或或状态状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当。Nobody knows him.The rich are not always happy.I am getting off at the next station.Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with natu
6、re.第7页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日3.宾语宾语宾语是宾语是及物动词及物动词所表示的动作的所表示的动作的对象对象，或，或介词介词所支配的所支配的对象对象。名词、代词（宾格）、。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句都可数词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句都可以作宾语。以作宾语。We love our motherland.He gave up smoking last year.Do you understand what I mean?He bought me a gift.We must fight for peace.第8页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日4.4.表语表语表语放
7、在系动词表语放在系动词(be(be等等)之后，用来说明之后，用来说明主语主语的特征、性质、身份或状态的特征、性质、身份或状态等。名词、形容词、等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。词短语或从句都可以用作表语。That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives.第9页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第10页，讲稿共65张，创作于
8、星期日5.5.定语定语主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从句充当。定语句充当。定语用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词.You are hard-working students.A broken heart/a swimming poolA baby girl Anne was a strong girl who was very found of nature.Lots of machines were made which used this kind of power.第11页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日6.6.状语状语主要由副词，或与之
9、相当的其他词类，短语或主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，短语或从句充当。状语用来从句充当。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。词或整个句子。They are working hard.Surely,we will help you.Have you ever tried any adventure travel?He was reading yesterday afternoon.He was reading when his mother came in.第12页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日7.7.补语补语补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代补充说明主语或宾语。由
10、形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。词，数词等充当。The bad news made us upset.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.第13页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日8.8.同位语同位语对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。词，代词或从句充当。This is Miss Cao,our English teacher.She herself said so.Are you two ready?9.插入语插入语 Paren
11、thesis He,I think,is a good student.By the way,what time is it by your watch第14页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日（简单句）第15页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第16页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装
12、。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+O+OC（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）第17页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后
13、面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第18页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日i （不及物（不及物动词动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked(for half an hour).walked(yesterday)is playinghave gone第19页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上
14、一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词：第20页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第21页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日Linking-V系系动动词词）(表表语语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第22页，讲稿共6
15、5张，创作于星期日基本句型三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。第23页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日t（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of
16、 tea.Good morning.第24页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日基本句型四+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。第25页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日（及（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人）DO（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new
17、 dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第26页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.give,pass,tell,teach,send,write,show,bring,offer等sth.to sb.2.buy,get,fetch,build,choose,make,save等sth.for sb.搭配不同要记准第27页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日基本句型五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但
18、是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。第28页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第29页，讲稿共6
19、5张，创作于星期日（二）第30页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.Theyworkhard.主主 +谓谓2.Theflowerisdead.主主+系系+表表3.Plantsneedwater.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主主 +谓谓第31页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.Theyworkhard.主主 +谓谓2.Theflowerisdead.主主+系系+表表3.Plantsneedwater.
20、主主+谓谓+宾宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主主 +谓谓第32页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第33页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日 1)make/let/have/get 四个使役动词四个使役动词 make sb.do Sb.be made to do make sb./sth.done Sb./Sth.be made done let sb.do have sb.do/doing/done get sb.to
21、 do/doing/done 2)leave/keep sb./sth.doing/done 3)一感觉，二听，六七看一感觉，二听，六七看 feel,listen to/hear,see/watch/notice/find/observe/catch see sb.do Sb.be seen to do see sb.doing Sb.be seen doing see sb.done Sb.be seen done help，call,tell，ask，think，wantsb.to do4)6123 consider/think/find/feel/make/believe it+n./a
22、dj.+to do/doing/that第34页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日用括号内的词适当形式填空用括号内的词适当形式填空1.The teacher caught her _(cheat)in the monthly exam.2.Suddenly,she felt some water _(flow)over her right leg.3.Can you notice some clouds _(move)fast?4.In order to make herself _(hear),the teacher had to raise her voice.5.The boss makes
23、his workers _ all day.第35页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日6.Dont leave todays work _(undo)until tomorrow.7.She is always keeping others _(wait)for her.8.Do you want your child _(study)hard?9.I want to have my hair _(cut).10.The harvest had all the machines _(work)all day.第36页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日简单句的简单句的五种五种基本句型基本句型第37页，讲稿共
24、65张，创作于星期日第38页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第39页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日请说出下列句子类型请说出下列句子类型1.Autumn is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me his new bike.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.第40页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第41页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第42页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 第43页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日.简单句简单句 A.只
25、包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door.B.两个主语和一个谓语两个主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner.C.一个主语和一个主语和并列谓语并列谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.第44页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日 把两个或几个简把两个或几个简单句用单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，则成为一个并起来，则成为一个并列句。列句。.并列句并列句第45页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日常用并列连词常用并列连词表平行的并列连词表平行的并列连词表转折的并
26、列连词表转折的并列连词表因果的并列连词表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词表选择的并列连词and,bothand,neither nornot only but also,but,however,while,yetfor,so or,eitheror第46页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第47页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日 1.I turned on the TV.I watched it.I turned on the TV and watched it.2.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a p
27、resent,but she didnt like it.第48页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日常用并列连词常用并列连词表平行的并列连词表平行的并列连词表转折的并列连词表转折的并列连词表因果的并列连词表因果的并列连词 表选择的并列连词表选择的并列连词and,bothand,neither nornot only but also,but,however,while,yetfor,so or,eitheror第49页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第50页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mot
28、hers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.He was tired,so he went to bed.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.请用合适的请用合适的并列连词并列连词把每组句子合把每组句子合并为一个并列句并为一个并列句第51页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.4.Mary is opening the door.
29、John is greeting her guests.Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.第52页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句 主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子(independent(independent sentence),sentence),它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须由它必须由连接词连接词和一和一个主句连用，不能独立存在个主句连用，不能独立存在.复合句（复合句（Compo
30、und Sentence)第53页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第54页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日I wonder if you could give me a hand.请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句第55页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）（集中营）.复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有n个个.(n 1)She said th
31、at she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.第56页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.名词性从句名词性从句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1）主语从句）主语从句2）宾语从句宾语从句3）表语从句）表语从句 4）同位语从句）同位语从句2.状语从句状语从句3.定语从句定语从句第57页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日第58页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日指出下列各从句的类型：指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was r
32、eading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句第59页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日It is such a big box that nobody can move it.He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Althou
33、gh the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.指出下列各从句中的从属连词指出下列各从句中的从属连词 第60页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句连接为一个复合句I still remember the day.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came
34、 to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.第61页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日1.My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.请用所学知识改正下列病句请用所学知识改正下列病句第62页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日改正：改正：My roommate was sleeping.We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping,so we didnt want to wake her up.第63页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日2.I went to bed.Because I was tired.改正：改正：I went to bed because I was tired.第64页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日感谢大家观看第65页，讲稿共65张，创作于星期日