2020年高考英语精选考点专题04动词的时态和语态(解析版)43290.pdf

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1、名师整理,助你成功 专题 04 动词的时态和语态 I.单项填空 1.【2019江苏】22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A.gives B.has given C.have given D.give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除 AD 选项。本句主语为 the musician,为第三

2、人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。2.【2019江苏】29.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A.would fall B.had fallen C.has fallen D.fell【答案 D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived 之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选 D。3

3、.【2019江苏】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A.will install B.will have been installed C.are installed D.have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选 B。4.【2019天津

4、】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope【答案】A【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldnt”用的是一般过去时,它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选 A。名师整理,助你成功 5.【2019天津】8.Amy,as well as her brothers,_ a warm welcome wh

5、en returning to the village last week.A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were given【答案】C【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last week 可知应用过去时,排除选项 A 和 B。as well as 连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是 Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选 C。7.【2018北京】1.Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around?Hello

6、,Peter.Im Bob.I just _ on Monday.A.start B.have started C.started D.had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C 选项正确。8.【2018北京】4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborh

7、ood when I visited her last year.A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit 是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”,且结合时间状语 when I visited her last year 可知,Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。9.【2018北京】7.China

8、s high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到 25,000 公里。该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。10.【2018北京】9.A rescue worker risked his

9、life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two 名师整理,助你成功 days.A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰 two tourists,two tourists 和 trap 之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由 risked 可知,营救人

10、员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D 选项正确。11.【2018天津】13.My washing machine _this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故

11、用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。12.【2018江苏】31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A.have developed B.had developed C.will have developed D.developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在 2025 年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025,可

12、知用将来时;再根据时间状语 by then 到那时,可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。13.【2018江苏】30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A.had been carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中

13、时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A。14.【2017天津】8.I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove 名师整理,助你成功 【答案】A【解析】句意:我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型:was/were doing sth+when(suddenlu)did.句意:正在做某事,就在这时(那时)突然,根据句意,故选

14、A。【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。:was/were doing sth+when(suddenlu)did.这时一个常用固定句型,是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一,词句型还有另外两种结构:was/were about to do+when did;had done+when+did。在这三个句型中,when 引导的并列句,意为:就在这时(那时)突然.。15.【2017江苏卷】27.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he _.A.was being followed B.was following C.had been

15、followed D.followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查动词的时态和语态。he 和 follow 是动宾关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除 B/D;根据句意“在 匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪”,用过去进行时最合适,故选 A。句意:他匆匆忙忙往家 赶,就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。16.【2017江苏卷】31.Hes been informed that he _ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A.hasnt qualified B.hadnt qualified C.doesnt qualif

16、y D.wasnt qualifying 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth 达标,获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事,是客观事实,故选 C。17.【2017北京卷】33.People_ better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A.will have B.have C.had D.had had【答案】B【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对

17、比是现在,所以 than 前一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选 B。18.【2017北京卷】29.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones _ yet.A.havent invented B.havent been invented C.hadnt invented D.hadnt been invented【答案】D【解析】句意:在美国 20 世纪 50 年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有发明出

18、来。根据句意可知用被动语态,排除 AC,事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除名师整理,助你成功 B,故选 D,过去完成时的被动语态。19.【2017北京卷】24._ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.A.Did you call B.Have you called C.Will you call D.Were you calling【答案】A【解析】句意:-你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?-打了,他们此刻正用得很开心

19、。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去式,故选 A。20.【2016北京】21.Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:突然断电时,杰克正在实验室里工作。根据 occurred 可知,这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情,断电时,杰克正在工作,综合用过去进行时,故选 C。21.【2016北京】23.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?

20、The new Star Wars.We _ here for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意:打扰了,你们在等哪一部电影?星球大战,我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用,根据语境可知,说话的时候仍然在等,因此用现在完成进行时,故选 D。22.【2016北京】25.I _ half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.

21、have read C.am reading D.will read【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半,周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响,用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去,到目前为止看了一半,故用完成时,故选 B。23.【2016北京】30.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.A.rewarded B.were rewarded C.will reward D.will be

22、rewarded【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句名师整理,助你成功 意可知,回报是将来要发生的事情,应该用将来时;efforts 和 reward 是被动关系,应该使用被动语态,故选 D。24.【2016江苏】22.More efforts,as reported,_in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are made B.will be made C.are beingmade D.have been made【答案】

23、B【解析】考查时态语态。句意:正如报道的那样,在未来几年将做出的努力,以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead 在未来的几年里”和将来时连用,且 efforts 与动词 make 构成被动关系,所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式,故 B 正确。25.【2016江苏】29.Dashan,who _crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learnin

24、g B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning【答案】D【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades 几十年来”,该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用,本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时,强调动作的延续性和反复性。故 D 正确。26.【2016天津】3.When walking down the street,I came across David,when I _ for years.A.didnt see B.havent seen C.hadnt seen D

25、.wouldnt see【答案】C【解析】句意:当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的 David。根据语境,“not see”这个动作发生在come across 之前,是过去的过去发生的动作,用过去完成时。故选 C。27.【2016浙江】9.Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A.had become B.was becoming C.has become D.is becoming【答案】A【解析】句意:到公元前 100 年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时

26、间状语是 by+过去时间,谓语用过去完成时。故选 A。28.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated.C.treated D.had treated 名师整理,助你成功 【答案】A 【解析】句意:你喜欢这个聚会吗?是的,我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的 did 可知用一般过去时;且 we 和 treated 是动宾关系,用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选 A。29.【2015北京】26.In the last few years,Ch

27、ina _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making【答案】A【解析】句意:在过去的这些年里,中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语 in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响,用现在完成时。故选 A。30.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really.She_us clear directions and we

28、were able to find it.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give【答案】B【解析】句意:你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向,并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知,安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前,因此,发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。故选 B。31.【2015北京】30.Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I_ him later.A.will call B.have called C.

29、call D will be calling【答案】A【解析】句意:Dr.Jackson 现在不在办公室。好的,我待会再打给他。由 later 可知,表示的是将来要执行的动作,用一般将来时。故选 A。32.【2015重庆】1.Is Peter coming?No,he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A.changes B.changed C.was changing D.had changed【答案】B 【解析】句意:彼得来了吗?没有,刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据 at the last minute 在最后一秒可能发生在

30、过去,故用一般过去时。33.【2015重庆】13.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A.will have been B.will be C.was D.has been【答案】D 名师整理,助你成功 【解析】句意:在我的家乡,麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成,才会举行庆祝活动,故选 D 项。34.【2015浙江】8.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people

31、 guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A.has been B.had been C.was going to be D.was【答案】C【解析】句意:爱因斯坦出生于 1879 年,小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家,他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意,应该是表达过去将来时,所以只有 C 选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A 选项是现在完成时(用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响,往往有一些关键的词比如说 since 或者是 for加一段时间),B 选项是过去完成时(具备的条件

32、是有两个动词,而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生,那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时),C 选项是过去进行时(过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作,另外动词 going 的进行时还可以表达将来),D 选项是过去时(表达过去的动作)。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词 would(will 的过去时,用于过去将来时),分析可知答案就是 C。35.【2015天津】9.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A.has been reached B.was reached C.

33、will reach D.will have reached【答案】A【解析】句意:尽管之前多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语 so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语 agreement 与 reach 为被动关系,根据句意可知选 A。36.【2015天津】6.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time.A.will teach B.would teach C.has taught D.will be teaching【

34、答案】D【解析】句意:简不能参加今天下午 3 点钟的会议,因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time,指代 at 3 oclock this afternoon,表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事,故用将来完成时。故选 D。37.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A.are being built B.will be built C.have been built D.had been built【答案】B【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题,根据时间状语 soon

35、可知,考查了将来时,故选择 B。句意为:四川将名师整理,助你成功 建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。38.【2015陕西】24.At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black president of the United States of America.A.was to become B.becomes C.is to become D.became 【答案】A【解析】句意:在大学的时候,奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情,所以选 A。39.【2015陕西】22.Mar

36、y really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A.worked B.has been working C.had worked D.has worked【答案】B【解析】句意:Marty 一直努力写书,我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选 B。40.【2015福建】30.Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and _ his essay

37、 there ever since.A.wrote B.had written C.has been writing D.is writing【答案】C【解析】考查现在完成进行时。根据句意:-彼得在那里,我哪儿都找不到他。-他在早餐过后就去了图书馆,然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆,从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文,这个动作一直延续到了现在,所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在。故选 C 41.【2015福建】26.To my delight,I from hundreds of applicants to att

38、end the opening ceremony.A.was chosen B.was being chosen C.would choose D.had chosen【答案】A【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意:让我高兴的是,我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态,又因为被选中是过去发生的事情,这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述,故用一般过去式,故选 A。42.【2015江苏】30.The real reason why prices _,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can sa

39、tisfactorily explain this problem.A.were B.will be C.have been D.had been【答案】A【解析】句意:过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂,简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。名师整理,助你成功 根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下,故用一般过去时,表示过去的状态。故选 A 项。43.【2015安徽】29.It is reported that a space station _ on the moon in years to come.A.will be building B.will

40、be built C.has been building D.has been built【答案】B【解析】句意:据报道,人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时,space station 和 build 是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态,故选 B。44.【2015安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate,I realised I _ my bank in the cafe.A.have left B.had left C would leave D.was leaving【答案】B【解析】句意:我刚一到

41、学校门口,就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized 后省略了 that,这里是一个宾语从句,从句时态与主句保持一致,“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前,应该用过去完成时,故选 B。45.【2015湖南】28.He must have sensed that I _ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,Why are you staring at me like that?A.would look at B.looked at C.was looking at D.am looking at【答案】C【解析】过去进行时,是表示过去某个具

42、体时刻正在进行的事情或动作,如果没有具体的时间,可以从意义上去把握。句意:他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道:“你为什么要那样盯着我看?”根据分析,此句在意义上应该用进行时,又根据此句中的 must have sensed 和 glanced at 可知是过去进行时,故选 C II.语法填空 1.(2019 全国 I 卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief tha

43、t populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填 have reported。2.(2019 全国 II 卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene _(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为

44、谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态,故填 declared。名师整理,助你成功 3.(2019 全国 III 卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填 recommended。4.

45、(2019 浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody _(have)to worry about fashion(时尚).【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when 引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时 will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是 nobody,谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。5.(2019 浙江卷)One study in Americ

46、a found that students grades _(improve)a little after the school introduced uniforms.【答案】improved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。6.(2018 全国 I 卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it (be)more effectiv

47、e at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.is 【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句中的主语为 it,故用 is。7.(2018 全国 II 卷)Since 2011,the country (grow)more corn than rice.【答案】has grown 【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知,此空应用现在完成时。8.(2018 全国 II 卷)The Chinese Mini

48、stry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _(start)a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】started 【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填 started。9.(2018 全国 III 卷)I quickly lower myse

49、lf,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt 名师整理,助你成功 feel (challenge)【答案】challenged【解析】考查时态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战”,主语 he 和challenge 构成被动关系,故填 challenged。10.(2018 全国 III 卷)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean)me no real harm.【答案】meant 【解析】考

50、查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。11.(2018 浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.【答案】was shocked 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我感到很震惊”,shock 与主语 I 为被动关系,同时根据后面的 learnt 可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填 was shocked。句意:我还记得访问过一个住在这里 5 年

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