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1、12020 年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题四E 字部1.edgen.边缘关联词组:on theedgeof 在的边缘熟词僻义:edge还可以用来表示“优势”,例如:competitive edge竞争优势;常用于haveanedgeover 的结构,表示“略胜一筹,比更有优势”:You haveanedgeoveryourcompetitors.你们比竞争对手有优势。同义词:advantage n.优点,优势(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)To avoid accidents,some trampolines have 8 safety netaroundthem.Remember:when
2、everyou areon atrampoline,becareful nottojump neartheedgeofit.2.educationn.教育,培养关联词组:physical education=P.E.体育课,体育教育;higher education 高等教育词性转换:educate v.教育,培养;educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的(2019,湖北卷,阅读B)70.What would thewriter probably talk aboutinthefollowing paragraph?A.Adviceon how tosleep well.B.Ways o
3、fchangingkids education.C.The importance ofsleeping well.D.Measuresparents andschools shouldtake3.effortn.努力,艰难的尝试1表示“作出努力”,通常用make aneffort 这样的形式,其中an可换成another/one more,every等;如果中间不使用限定词,则 effort 需用复数,即 make efforts:You must make efforts toachieve yourdream.你必须好好努力实现你的梦想。2表示做某事的努力,通常在effort 后面接tod
4、o 结构:He made everyeffort togetit.他竭尽全力得到它。3更多短语:spareno effort 不遗余力;without effort 毫不费力(2019,北京卷,阅读D)When there wereno computers,efforts wererequired togetknowledgefromother people,orgo tothelibrary4.electricadj.电的,带电的,用电的electric和 electrical的区别:1electric指“电的,带电的,用电的”,被修饰的物体本身可带电,如electricguitar 电吉他
5、2electrical指“与电有关的,电气科学的”,被修饰的对象本身不带电,如electricalengineer 电气工程师关联词组:electriccar电车;electricpower 电功率,电源;electricsystem电力系统;electricenergy电能词性转换:electricity n.电,电流2(2019,山东卷,阅读C)Wind makes windmills spin(旋转).When thewindmills spin,theymake electricity.Thenwe canusetheelectricity.5.encouragev.鼓励用法:enco
6、urage sb.todo sth.鼓励某人做某事词性转换:courage n.勇气;encouragement n.鼓励;encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的反义词:discourage v.阻止,使气馁(2019,北京卷,阅读B)ThatencouragedSally andsheworked evenharder.6.endn.末尾,终点,结束;v.结束,终止名词词组:intheend=atlast=finally最后,终于;attheendof在尽头;在结束时;frombeginning toend自始至终;putanendtosth.结束(终止)某事;es toanend某事结
7、束了动词词组:endinsth.以为结尾;以为结果;endup with/doing sth.最终成为,最后处于;以告终反义词:start,begin v.开始;beginning n.开始,起初(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)ButthepeaceendedthedaytheBritish manspigdecidedtoeatsome ofanAmericanfarmers potatoes.7.energyn.能量,能源;精力关联词组:new energy新能源;cleanenergy清洁能源;saveenergy节约能源;full ofenergy充满活力用法:put(all)sbsene
8、rgies into sth.表示“把某人的(全部)精力投入到某事中”;常和time并列使用:She putall herenergies into herwork.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。(2019,北京卷,完形)Idontregret putting timeand energyintotheelection becauseIvelearned that thingsarent alwaysgoingtheway Iexpect.8.enjoyv.享受,喜欢1enjoyoneself=have agood time=havefun玩的开心,过的愉快;2enjoydoingsth.=
9、likedoingsth.喜欢做某事,乐于做某事;注意enjoy后面不接动词不定式;3通常enjoy为及物动词,后面要接宾语。例外是在口语中可以说“Enjoy!”,表示请对方好好享受(用)。词性转换:enjoyment n.享受,乐趣;enjoyable adj.令人愉快的(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)2.-Sir,didyou enjoyyourstayinour_?-Yes,Islept wellandIlike thebreakfast.A.hotelB.schoolC.factoryD.company9.enough3adj.足够的,充分的;adv.足够地,充分地1作形容词:可作为限定
10、词修饰名词,要么修饰不可数名词,要么修饰可数名词复数;常用句式有:enough+名词+for或者enough+名词+(for sb.)todo sth.:Thereisenoughfoodforall people.有足够多的食物给所有人吃。Ihaveenoughtimetofinish thejob.我有充足的时间来完成这项工作。2作副词:enough要放在被修饰的形容词/副词之后;常用句式有:形容词/副词+enough+(for sb.)todo sth.:Thisarticle isnoteasyenoughforyou tounderstand.这篇文章对你们来说太难理解了。(2019
11、,山东卷,词性转换)62.The littleboy said,Iam oldenough totakegood careof_.(my)10.enterv.进入;输入,登记用法:1enter 后面可接宾语,也可不接;通常不用被动语态;2还可用在与计算机相关的语境,表示“输入,登录,登记”;3enter for表示“报名参加(考试、比赛)”。词性转换:entrance n.进入;入口:No Entrance.禁止入内;entrance exam 入学考试同义词:enter=go into=get into(2019,山东卷,阅读D)The smallest plastic particlesc
12、anentertheblood,thelymphatic(淋巴)system,andmay evenreachtheliver(肝脏),saidPhilipp Schwabl,who tookpart intheresearch.11.environmentn.环境关联词组:natural environment 自然环境;living/working/socialenvironment 生活/工作/社会环境;protect theenvironment 保护环境词性转换:environmentaladj.环境的:environmentally friendly 环保的(2019,北京卷,阅读
13、C)One basic lawofpsychological timeisthat timeseemstoslowdown when wereexposed(接触)tonew environments andexperiences.12.especiallyadv.特别,尤其1especially在句中可修饰名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等,一般放在被修饰词的前面:Its verycoldinwinter,especiallyinBeijing.冬天很冷,尤其是在北京。2especially在句中还可用来修饰状语从句:Sunglasses areveryuseful especiallywhen
14、 thesunisstrong.太阳镜非常有用,尤其是阳光很强的时候。3especially在逻辑上已有极限意义,故无比较等级。易混单词:speciallyadv.特别地;特意,专门:He boughttheflowerspecially forher.他特意为她买了鲜花。(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)The audience foundthis announcementespecially_13_andstarted tothrowevenmore money ontothestage.13.A.funnyB.luckyC.helpfulD.painful13.every4adj.每一,每个
15、的用法:every表示“每个”,其后通常接可数名词单数,一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。every和 each的区别:1every只能做形容词,而且each还可以用作代词,直接充当主语或者宾语。2二者均指“每个”,但every侧重全体;而each侧重各个个体,比较:Iknow everymember oftheclass.全班的人我都认识。(概括全体)Iknow eachmember oftheclass.这个班的每个人我都认识。(“个别”意义更重。)3every指三个或以上的“每个”,不能指两者中的“每个”;each则可以,如:误:Therearetrees on everysideofthe
16、road.正:Therearetrees on eachsideoftheroad.关联单词:everybody/everyonepron.每人,人人;everyday adj.每日的,日常的;everything pron.每件事,事事;everywhere adv.到处(2019,北京卷,单项填空)7.Samwithhisfriends everyweekend.A.skatesB.isskatingC.hasskatedD.was skating(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)7.Theinstructionstell useverything _abouthow tomake themo
17、del ship.A.by handB.by chanceC.indetailD.inperson14.examinev.检查,调查近义词:check v.检查,核对词性转换:examination n.检查,调查;(=exam)考试:final examination 期末考试;examination paper考试卷;entrance examination 入学考试;takeanexamination 参加考试(2019,山东卷,阅读B)The students tookascience exam before thestudy.Afterthesix-weekstudy,theytoo
18、kanother.15.examplen.例子,榜样关联词组:forexample例如;giveanexample举例;takeforexample以为例子;setanexample(for)(为)树立榜样forexample和 suchas的区别:1forexample是列举整体之中的一个为例,常用作插入语,用逗号与主句隔开,example之后也需要逗号;其位置常常在句首,也可以置于句中、句末。如:Noise,forexample,isakindofpollution aswell.噪音,打个比方,也是一种污染。2suchas用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子,一般用逗号和主句隔开,
19、但 suchas之后无逗号,直接跟名词或名词性短语。如:Some classmates ofmine,suchasLucy,Lily,Jimareverygenerous.我的一些同学,如露西,李丽,吉姆都是很慷慨的人。5(2019,北京卷,阅读C)Forexample,on theway home,focusyourattentionoutside ofyourself,instead ofthinking abouttheproblemsyou havetodealwith.16.excitev.使兴奋,使激动用法:常用语beexcited doing/to do sth.,或者beexc
20、ited about/at,表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。词性转换:excitingadj.令人激动的:通常是指某物令人兴奋激动,对应副词是excitinglyexcited adj.兴奋的,激动的:指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动,对应副词是excitedlyexcitement n.兴奋,刺激,令人兴奋的事物(2019,山东卷,阅读D)My grandmother isgoingtobe100 yearsoldinJune.Shesveryexcited becauseshesgoingtogetaspecial letter fromtheQueen.17.exercisev.锻炼,运动;n.
21、运动;练习;体操1名词exercise 表示“锻炼,运动”时,为不可数名词:do/take exercise 做运动/锻炼身体2名词exercise 表示“体操,练习”时,为可数名词,常用复数形式:do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操(2019,山东卷,单项填空)21.Tenniscanexercise all ofourmuscles(肌肉).And itrequires _tospendtimewithothers.Thisisgood forourhealth too.A.oursB.usC.we18.expectv.期望;预料,预期用法:1expectto
22、do sth.期望做某事;expectsb./sth.todo sth.期望做某事2expect+that 从句,或者常用作:Itisexpected that预计:Itisexpected that theweatherwill begood soon.估计天气很快会好起来。词性转换:expectationn.期待,指望;expected adj.预期的,预料的(副词expectedly):asexpected 不出所料,正如预期;unexpected adj.出乎意外的(副词unexpectedly)(2019 年,北京卷,完形)Idontregret putting timeandene
23、rgyinto theelection becauseIvelearned that thingsarent alwaysgoingtheway Iexpect.19.expensiveadj.昂贵的,价格高的用法:expensive 表示“贵”时,主要用于说明具体的事物,而不能用来形容price。试比较:误:The price ofthecoatistooexpensive.正:The price ofthecoatistoohigh.正:The coatistooexpensive.词性转换:expensively adv.昂贵地;expense n.花费,费用6近义词:dear=cost
24、ly=pricey反义词:cheap=inexpensiveadj.便宜的,廉价的;(2019 年,浙江卷,阅读B)30.How canwe do trampolining safely?A.Buy anexpensive trampoline.B.Jump inthecenter ofatrampoline.C.Choose atrampoline without anet.D.Loseweightbefore startingtrampolining.20.experiencen.经验;经历;v.经历关联词组:by experience 凭经验;workingexperience 工作经验
25、;rich experience 丰富的经验;pastexperience过去的经验用法:1experience 表示“经验,体验”时,为不可数名词:She hadno experience oflife atall.她毫无生活经验。2experience 表示“经历,阅历”时,为可数名词:Tellusaboutyourexperiences inAfrica.给我们讲讲你在非洲的经历。(2019 年,北京卷,阅读A)Itwas alifetime experience.Iwas abletoexperience Chineseliving andculture frombasic TaiCh
26、itoBeijing Opera.21.explainv.解释,说明用法:常用句式为explain sth.tosb.向某人解释某事;explain+that 从句;explain 后面也可以接反身代词,即 explain oneself,表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”或“解释自己的行为”。词性转换:explanationn.解释,说明(注意:explain 变名词,并不是直接加-ation)(2019 年,山东卷,完形)To show therespect,it may be_12_toexplain whatthegift is.12.A.necessaryB.carefulC.comfor
27、table22.expressv.表达,表述关联词组:express oneself 表达自己的思想;express thankstosb.向某人表达感谢熟词僻义:n.快递;快速:express way 快车道,高速路;express train 快速列车;by express 通过快递邮寄词性转换:expression n.表达;表情:facial expression 面部表情;beyondexpression 无法表达,形容不出(2019 年,浙江卷,阅读B)21.Why doesthewriter quote(引用)astory inParagraph 3?A.To explain Africans like sweets.B.To show examplesarenotenough-C.To make thewritersopinion clearer.D.To express happiness isfromchildren.