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1、汉译英短文翻译练习一、教育 1949 年之前，中国的教育很落后，只有少数高等学校和部分中等学校。这些学校大都集中在的城市和几个沿海省份。许多县城没有中学，在山区和偏远地区甚至连小学都很少见。1949 年以后，初等教育开始普及，高等教育得到了快速的发展。Suggested words and phrases:教育 education 落后 backward 高等学校 institutions of higher learning 初等教育 elementary education 高等教育 higher education 中等学校 secondary schools 山区 mountain a
2、reas 偏远地区 remote areas 沿海省份 coastal provinces Before 1949,education in China was very backward.There were only a small number of institutions of higher learning and secondary schools.Universities and middle schools were clustered mainly in big cities and a few of the coastal provinces.Many countries
3、 had no secondary schools,and in mountain areas and remote areas primary schools were even rare.After 1949,the elementary education began to be made universal,and the higher education developed rapidly.考试是学校教育的一个重要组成部分，在我国由来已久。自唐代以来，人们一直沿用传统的考试方法，而对“考试”的概念不能正确理解。考试不是简答地按分数给学生“排队”，而是对“教”和“学”的衡量，以及提供有
4、益于改进教与学的信息。Suggested words and phrases:由来以及 started very early 沿用 adhere to 概念 concept 按分数 according to the grades 给学生排队 evaluate the students 衡量 measure,evaluate 改进教与学 improve teaching and learning Examination is an important part of school education,which stared very early in our country.Since Tan
5、g Dynasty,people always adhere to the traditional way of examination,and misunderstand its correct concept.The examination is not simply to evaluate students according to the marks they get in examination,but to measure the teaching and learning and to provide the information which will help to impr
6、ove teaching and learning.二、经济 中国政府将进一步改善投资环境，认真执行有关的涉外经济法律，集中力量办好已建成的中外合资企业。我们将鼓励多办一些利用现有企业进行技术改造的中外合资企业，推动传统产业的技术进步。Suggested words and phrases:投资环境 environment for investment 认真执行 faithfully implement 集中力量 concentrate on 中外合资企业 joint ventures 现有企业 existing enterprises 技 术 改 造 retool,technological
7、 transformation 技术进步 advance technologically The Government of China shall keep improving the environment for investment,faithfully implement economic laws concerning foreign nations and firms,and concentrate on the successful operation of existing joint ventures.We should encourage the establishmen
8、t of more joint ventures which will help retool Chinas existing enterprises so that they will assist the traditional industries to advance technologically.本文提出了一种新的对中国人均 GNP 的计算方法。世界银行估算，我国人均 GNP 已达2000 美元。本文认为这一计算有一定的局限性，通过新的计算方法，认为我国人均 GNP 为700 美元。Suggested words and phrases:世界银行 the World Bank 计算
9、方法 method of calculation 估算 estimate 局限性 limitation This paper proposes a new method of calculate Chinas GNP per person.The World Bank estimates that GNP per person in China has reached$2000.The paper states that the World Banks estimation has certain limitation.Through a new calculation,it is belie
10、ved that the Chinese GNP per person is$700.每个国家都需要进口本国不生产的货物，并需要创收外汇支付这些货物。进口货物可以使国内产品有了竞争，而出口可为厂商提供更为广阔的市场。无论是进口或出口，其目的是为了促进生产，活跃市场。Suggested words and phrases:创收外汇 earn foreign exchange(currency)进口货物 imported goods 厂商 manufacturers 进口或出口 import or export 活跃市场 enliven the market Every country needs
11、 to import the goods that it doesnt produce and needs to earn foreign exchange to pay for the imported goods.Imported goods can bring about the competition to the domestic goods,while exporting goods may provide a wider market to the manufacturers.No matter it is for import or export,the main purpos
12、e is to promote the production and enliven the market.三、社会文化 在中国，空气污染、水污染等已经给国家和人民造成了相当大的损失。中国政府十分重视环境保护工作，并且把保护环境和控制人口都列为基本国策。全国人民代表大会还制定了一些保护环境、防治污染的法律。Suggested words and phrases:造成损失 cause a loss to 制定。法律 make a law of(to)列为 be listed as 十分重视 attach importance to 全国人民代表大会 The National Peoples Co
13、ngress 基本国策 fundamental national policies In China,air pollution and water pollution have already cost the nation and people dearly.The Government of China has attached great importance to environment protection,and has listed environmental protection and population control as fundamental national p
14、olicies.The National Peoples Congress has made laws to protect the environment and control the pollution.不吸烟者的权利问题在许多国家里开始讨论。迄今为止，许多国家很少或还没有采取措施。众所周知，吸烟有害健康。从长远的观点看，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么人们的境况将得到很大的改善。但显然，我们对此尚无准备。Suggested words and phrases:不吸烟者 nonsmokers 尚无准备 not ready for 采取措施 take action 从长远观点看 in the lo
15、ng run 禁止吸烟 ban smoking 境况 circumstances Talk of nonsmokers right is going on in many countries.Up to now,many countries have taken little or no action.It is known to all that smoking is harmful to our health.In the long run,if smoking were completely banned,people would be much better off,but obviously,we are not ready for that.