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1、英语复习:反义疑问句 一、反意疑问句要点简述 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句后一部分的主谓与前一部分的主谓要保持人称、助动词及时态等方面的一致,即“三同一反”的原则。这种疑问句的回答要根据事实,肯定的用“Yes,”。否定的用“No,”。如:It looks like rain,doesnt it?He doesnt need to work so late,does he?二、学习反意疑问句,特别要注意的问题 1)陈述部分的主语是 this,that 时,疑问部
2、分的主语多用 it;陈述部分的主语是 these,those 时,疑问部分的主语多用 they 如:This is a dictionary,isnt it?Those are shelves,arent they?2)陈述句如果是 there be 结构时,疑问句部分仍用 there。如:There once was a man named Saint Nicholas,wasnt there?3)在英语口语中,“I am+表语结构”,后面的反意疑问句多用 arent I 来体现。如:I am very interested in learning English,arent I?4)陈述句
3、的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing 形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用 it 来体现。如:Taking care of our environment is very important,isnt it?What he said is right,isnt it?5)陈述句中含有 not,no,hardly,neither,never,few,little,too to 等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:Few people knew the news,did they?Tom has never been to England,has he?但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前
4、缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如:She is unhappy,isnt she?6)陈述句的主语是 nobody,no one,everyone,somebody 等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用 they(当强调全体时)或 he(当强调个体时)。如果陈述句的主语是 something,nothing,anything,everything 等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用 it。如:No one knows him,do they?Someone is waiting for you,isnt he?Nobody says a word abou
5、t the accident,do they?Everything seems all right,doesnt it?7)陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose 等词,且主语是第一人称 I 或 we 时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移(否定前移)。如:I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you,cant he?I dont think he is bright,is he?We believe she can do it better,cant she?若
6、是第二第三人称的话,反义疑问句应该看主句:She thought it is meaningless,didnt she?如果是转述的要注意:He said that you were in hospital,werent you?(这里是对着那个 you 说的)8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:lets 的要用 shall we;let us 的要用 will you;其他形式的都用 will you。如:Go and get it for me,wont you?去帮我取个东西,好吗?Lets meet at the airport,shall we?我们在机场碰头,行不行?Have a litt
7、le more wine,will you?喝点儿酒,好吗?9)must 的反义疑问句:陈述部分有 must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Amust 表示“应该”,其疑问部分用 mustnt(不应该)如:You must work hard next term,mustnt you?下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?Bmust 表示“必须”,其疑问部分用 neednt(不必)如:They must finish the work today,neednt they?他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?C陈述部分含情态动词 mustnt,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用 must 或 may,如:Y
8、ou mustnt stop your car here,must you?(may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?Dmust 表示推测,其疑问部分必须与 must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如:对现在动作或存在的情况的推测:You must know the answer to the exercise,dont you?你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?That must be your bed,isnt it?那一定是你的床,是吗?对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(havent/hasnt+主语)You mu
9、st have told her about it,havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?10)have 作为动词的反义疑问句:have to 的短语,且只充当一般动词的作用,助动词为 do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,提问还是用 do,does 引导。We have to finish it,dont we?当用 have,has 做助动词的时候,疑问句才用它们引导 如:She has seen it,hasnt she?这里的助动词就是 has 当陈述部分有 had better,或其中的 have 表示完成时态时,疑问句应用 hadnt 等开头:Youd bet
10、ter get up early,hadnt you?其他情况句中有 have 时疑问句应用 dont 等开头;如 have 表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:do 或 have He has two sisters,doesnt he?=He has two sisters,hasnt he?He doesnt have any sisters,does he?当 must+have done 表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用
11、“havent/hasnt+主语”。She must have read the novel last week,didnt she?她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?You must have told her about it,havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?11)带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need(dare)+主语。We need not do it again,need we?He dare not say so,dare you?当 dare,need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do+主语。She doesnt dare t
12、o go home alone,does she?12)感叹句中,疑问部分用 be+主语。What colours,arent they?What a smell,isnt it?13)陈述部分由 neithernor,eitheror 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?14)陈述部分的谓语是 wish,疑问部分要用 may+主语。I wish to have a word with you,may I?15)含有 ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用 shouldnt/ought
13、nt+主语。He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?16)陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时,疑问部分用 didnt+主语或 usednt+主语。He used to take pictures there,didnt he?/usednt he?17)陈述部分有 would rather+v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?18)陈述部分有 Youd like to+v.疑问部分用 wouldnt+主语
14、。Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?反意疑问句的回答 无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用 yes,事实是否定的,就要用 no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答 yes 或 no 与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的 yes 要译成“不”,no 要译成“是”。例-He likes playing football,doesnt he?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?-Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.是的。/不是。-His sister didnt attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加
15、会议,是吗?-Yes,she did./No,she didnt.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。反意疑问句的练习 1.Youd rather watch TV this evening,_?A.isnt it B.hadnt you C.wouldnt you D.wont you 2.I suppose youre not going today,_?A.are you B.do I C.dont I D.arent you 3.I wish to shake hands with you,_?A.shall I B.may IC.do I D.will I 4.There is litt
16、le water in the bottle,_?A.is it B.isnt it C.is there D.isnt there 5.They have to study a lot,_?A.dont theyB.havent theyC.did they D.hadnt they 6.Lets go and play basketball,_?A.do you B.shall we C.will you D.dont you 7.Im sure dirty,_?A.am IB.isnt IC.arent I D.am not I 8.She has gone abroad,_?No.She is still teaching us English at our school now.A.is she B.isnt she C.has she D.hasnt she 9.Thats the sort of the book you want,_?A.is it B.isnt thatC.is thatD.isnt it 10.Go and open the door for us,_?A.dont you B.shall we C.wont you D.do you