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1、 Unit10 Youre supposed to shake hands.本单元词组短语 1.be supposed to do sth 应该做 2.be expected to do sth.应该/被期望做 3.shake hands(with)(和)握手 4.bow to sb.向某人鞠躬 5.for the first time 首次，第一次 6.people in Korea 韩国的人们 7.greet sb.(in)the wrong way 以错误的方式问候某人 8.be invited to sw.被邀请去 9.be invited to do sth.被邀请做 party 欢
2、迎会 11.as soon as 一 就（引导时间状从）12.as soon as sb can 尽可能快的。out(my hands)伸出（我的手）14.on both sides of my face 在我的两个脸颊上 15.be from=come from 来自 16.be relaxed about 对放松/随意 17.a bit/little late 晚一点 18.value the time we spend with sb 珍惜我们与某人度过的时间 our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中 20.drop by 顺便拜访，随便进入 21.make plans(
3、to do sth.)计划做某事 22.plan to do sth.计划做某事 23.on the side of the face 在脸的一侧 24.the town center 在城镇中心 25.as many as sb can=as many as possible 尽可能多的 26.be on time 守时 27.the capital of clocks and watches 钟表之都 28.after all 毕竟，终归 29.at noon 在中午 30.15 minutes late 迟到 15 分钟 31.get/be mad(at sb)生气，气愤 an effo
4、rt(to do sth)努力做 heavy traffic 避免交通拥挤 sb waiting 让某人一直等候 calling first 没有事先打电话 abroad 出国 at home 在国内 37.be important to 对是重要的 38.bring your passport 带护照 off 把擦掉 40 clean the chalk off the blackboard 把黑板上的粉笔字擦掉 northern coast of Norway 挪威的北海岸 42.during the winter season 在冬季 43.knock at/on 敲（门，窗）44.ta
5、ke off 脱下，起飞 45.be worth doing sth.值得做 46.table manners 餐桌礼仪 47.mind your manners 注意你的礼仪 48.stick into 把.插进 an empty bowl 敲空碗 50.point at 指着,point to 指向 （侧重方向）51.at the table 在餐桌旁 52 at table 在吃饭 table manners 基本的餐桌礼仪 54.my biggest challenge 我最大的挑战 55.on my student exchange program 在我的交换生生 is no rea
6、son to do sth.没原因做 57.go out of ones way(to do sth.)特地做某事,格外努力做 sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 59.a teenage granddaughter 一个十几岁的（外）孙女 60.talk to sb in French 用法语和交谈 comfortable doing 舒服/轻松做某事 well/badly/politely 举止好 63.behave oneself 举止规矩 64.as you can imagine 正如你想象的那样 65.be different from 与不同 /get used
7、to sth 习惯于某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 67.gradually get used to sth 逐渐习惯某事 68.cut it up 把它切开 69.eat it with a fork 用叉子吃它 your elbows on the table 把肘部放在桌子上 71.have a safe trip 一路平安，旅途愉快 72.show up 出席，露面，到场 本单元知识点 Section A 1.In your country,what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for
8、the first time 【解析】be supposed to do sth 被期望做某事,应该做.1)当主语是人时,表示劝告、建议、责任等，=should=“to be expected to do sth,You are supposed to_(arrive)on time 2)当主语是物时，表示“本应；本该”The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.【拓展】：be supposed to 与 should(1)be supposed 是 suppose 一词的_ 语态结构。后接动词不定式，相当于_.后接不定式.即：_.使用较
9、随便，建议性强 否定式为 be not supposed to do sth.(2)should 后接动词_，属于_ 语态形式，使用起来较严肃和正式；You are not supposed to shake hands.=You shouldnt shake hands.你不应与之握手。【解析 2】for the first time 首先，第一次【辨析】at first/first of all (1)at first=at the beginning 最初，开始【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】(2)first of all 首先，第一 【表明陈述事情的重要性】【有关 time 的
10、短语】in time 及时 on time 准时 have a good time 玩得开心 all the time 一直，总是 take ones time 从容不迫 kill the time：消磨时间 at times 不时 from time to time 有时 at that time 在那时 at the same time 同时 re supposed to shake hands 你应该握手。【解析】shakeshookshaken v 摇动，震动 shake hands 握手 shake hands with sb./shake ones hands 与某人握手 the
11、United States,theyre expected to shake hands.在美国，他们应该握手。【解析】expect v 预料 (1)expect to do sth 预计做某事 (2)expect sb.to do sth 期待某人做某事=look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 (3)I expect so/not (4)sb.be expected to do sth.被期望做某事/应该要做某事 Everyone in the class is expected to take part in the discussion.希望全班同学参加讨论。4.
12、greeted Pauls mother the wrong way 以错误的方式问候了保罗的妈妈【解析】greet=to welcome or say“hello”v “问候,打招呼”greet with sb.向某人问候 met a Japanese boy called Sato,and as soon as I held out my hand,he bowed.【解析 1】as soon as 一就（引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时）【解析 2】hold out 伸出；坚持 hold out ones hands hold out my hand 伸出我的手 Sh
13、e held out her hand to take the rope.她伸手去抓那根绳子。【hold 相关的短语】hold on 抓住;(打电话时用语)别挂断.hold up 举起;.hold back 阻碍;hold off 不使挨近;挡住;耽搁;离开 hold down 压制;压缩 hold on to 坚持;不放弃 hold in 压住;忍耐;抑制 dont like to rush around,so we dont mind if people are a little late sometimes.【解析】run run run v 跑 rush out 冲出去 rush ho
14、ur 交通拥挤时间 rush around 匆匆忙忙；东奔西跑 run away=flee 逃跑 run out of=use up 用完 run off 跑掉(其后不直接跟宾语，常与 to/from 连用)All the students ran off from their classroom to the playground when the earthquake happened.you tell a friend youre going to their house for dinner,its OK if you arrive a bit late.【解析】a bit 稍微；有点
15、，修饰形容词、副词的比较级。【拓展】a bit/a little 辨析：【相同点】a bit 和 a little 作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿,有些”。He walked a bit/a little slowly.他走路有点慢。【不同点】a little 可直接修饰名词；而 a bit 后须加 of 才可以。There is a little water in the bottle.=There is a bit of water in the bottle.否定形式：not a little 作状语，相当于 very/quite,“很，非常”；作定语和
16、宾语时，相当于 much,意为“许多”。not a bit 作状语时，相当于 not at all,意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于 not much。He is not a little(=very)hungry.他饿极了。He is not a bit(=not at all)hungry.他一点也不饿。用 a bit 或 a little 填空。1.There is _ time left.2.I would like you to stay for _ if you have time.3.This will give us a _ of time.4.He went to slee
17、p soon,for he was not _ tired.5.I dont want to stop to have a rest,because I am not _ tired.With a little training,she could do very well in the competition.A.few B.a few C.a bit D.a bit of often just drop by our friends homes if we have time 如果我们有时间，我们经常回顺便拜访朋友家。【解析】drop by 顺便拜访 可以直接使用,也可以在 by 后面加表
18、示地点的词。Drop by often when you are free.有空时常来拜访。drop by sb.=drop in on sb.顺便走访某人 drop by ones home=drop in(at)+地点 拜访【拓展】drop in“拜访,到访”,后接人时,要借助于介词 on；drop in on sb.后接地点时要借助于介词 at。Dont forget to drop in on your teacher.=Dont forget to drop in at your teachers home.不要忘了顺便去拜访一下你的老师。10.So I make an effort
19、 to be on time when I meet my friends 【解析】make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 11.When you go abroad,it is important to bring your passport.【解析 1】abroad adv 在国外；到国外 My father often goes abroad.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。go abroad 出国 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外 13.After class,students are
20、 expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard.【解析】clean.off 把.擦掉 【拓展】clean up 把打扫干净（v.+adv.）clean up the table=clean the table up 14.Where Im from,were pretty relaxed about time.在我们国家,我们对时间相当宽松。（3a)【解析】relax v.放松 relaxing adj.使人放松的,令人感到轻松的 relaxed adj.“宽松的,不加以约束的”,后面常接介词 about。be relaxed about 对感到
21、放松,对.比较随意 My parents are relaxed about my clothes.我的父母对我的服装不加约束。relaxation n.“放松,消遣”时,是不可数名词；“休闲活动”是可数名词。15.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.【解析 1】value v“重视；珍视 n“价值”valuable adj.贵重的；宝贵的【解析 2】(1)every day 每天=each day 做状语，放在句末，对其提问用 how often He exercises e
22、very day.(2)everyday adj.每天的，作定语，修饰名词，放在名词之前 everyday English 日常英语 Cooking breakfast is her everyday job.做早饭是她的日常工作。【拓展】everyday/every day 的区别：前者是形容词，而后者是副词性短语。【解析】after all 毕竟 youre even 15 minutes late,your friend may get mad.（3a)【拓展】mad adj.很生气；疯的 be mad at sb.=be angry with sb.=对某人生气 get mad 大动肝
23、火，气愤(强调动作和过程)be mad 感觉很生气(表示状态)be/get mad at/with sb.生某人的气=be/get angry with sb.be/get mad about sth.因某事而生气 17.I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic.【解析 1】avoid v 避免 (后接 Ving）【拓展】后接 ving 形式作宾语的动词还有：【解析 2】traffic n.交通;路上行驶的车辆 heavy traffic 交通繁忙,交通拥堵,车水马龙 18.We usually plan to do somet
24、hing interesting,or go somewhere together.【解析 1】plan to do 计划做某事 【解析 2】go somewhere 去某地 somewhere adv.在某处；到某处 注意:somewhere 是副词,前面不可用介词【拓展】somewhere 常用于肯定句中,anywhere(任何地方)常用于否定句和疑问句中。在疑问句中,可以用somewhere 或 anywhere,如果期望对方回答“是”,就用 somewhere;如果不知道对方会回答“是”还是“不是”,用 somewhere、anywhere 都可以。19.its important t
25、o be on time.准时很重要。【解析】be important to sb.对某人来说非常重要 20.In many eastern European countries,you take off your gloves before shaking hands.【解析】take (take took taken)v 带来 从（讲话者）拿走 avoid 避免 mind 介意 suggest 建议 Practice 练习 enjoy 喜欢 Keep 保持 后接ving 形式的动词【短语】take care 小心 take charge of 负责，看管 take hold of 握住 t
26、ake off 脱下/(飞机等）起飞 take out 取出 take a look 看一看 take away 拿走 take exercise 做运动 take it easy 不紧张 take ones time 从容不迫 21.but it is worth the trouble if you want to understand another culture.【解析】be worth doing sth 值得做某事 Section B 1.In China,youre not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food.【解析】
27、stick into 插入；伸入 2.They go out of their way to make me feel at home.他们竭力使我感觉像在自己家里一样。【解析 1】go out of ones way 特地；格外努力 go out of ones way to do sth=try ones best to do sth 竭力做好某事 He would go out of his way to help anyone in trouble.他常不怕麻烦去帮助有困难的人 He went out of his way _(make)me happy.【与 way 有关的短语】al
28、l the way 一路上 in no way 决不 by the way 顺便提一下，另外 in a way 在某点，在某种程度上 by way of 经由，通过 方式 get in the way 挡道 in ones/the way 妨碍，阻碍 in this way 用这种方法 lead the way 带路，引路 lose ones way 迷路 on the/ones way(to)在去的路上【解析 2】make sb.feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归【拓展】make mistake 犯错误 make a decision 做决定 make ones bed 整理床铺
29、make a noise 制造噪音 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 3.Im very comfortable speaking French now.【解析】be comfortable doing sth.做某事很轻松,乐意做某事 I feel comfortable talking with you.和你讲话感觉很舒服。4.My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table（2b)【解析】behave v.表现；举止 behavior n.行为；举止；习性；态度 He beh
30、aves himself like a man.他表现得像一男子汉。6.I thought that was pretty strange at first,.【解析】pretty (1)adv“颇；相当地”常用于口语，只可以修饰其他形容词或副词 After six months,I could speak Chinese pretty 个月之后,我就能讲相当好的汉语了 (2)adj.漂亮的；秀丽的；好看的 What a pretty little garden!多么漂亮的小花园！【注】pretty 语气较 beautiful 弱,且大多用来指年轻的女性,一般不用来描写成年男性。pretty
31、也可以用于男女儿童,表示漂亮、活泼、可爱 7.youre not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread （1）except“除.之外”不包括所说的东西 例：I get up early except Sunday.（不包括星期天）Nobody was late for the meeting except me today.（2）besides 的意思是“除了.之外，还有”例：Five others are late besides me.（包含我在内）8.Another thing is that its impolite
32、 to say that youre full.【解析】full adj.吃饱的；满的，充满的【辨析】be full of/(be)filled with【共同点】“充满”,有时可以换用。【不同点】be full of 指“充满的”这一状态,(be)filled with 通常指动作。9.,but I gradually getting used to it.但是我逐渐习惯。【解析】get used to=be used to，“习惯于某事或做某事的意思”，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，不能跟动词原形。They have got used to getting up early in the
33、 morning.他们已习惯早起。be/get used to 结构可以用于各种时态中,。Youll be/get used to the work soon.你不久就会习惯这个工作的【注意】在学习 be used to 结构时,一定要注意它与以下几个结构的区别:used to do sth.意为“过去常常”,在这里 to 是动词不定式符号；be used to do sth.和 be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”,是被动结构。John used to smoke.约翰过去抽烟。This kind of wood can be used to make violi
34、ns.这种木头可以用来制作小提琴。10.You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.你必须把它切碎，用叉子吃。【解析】cut up 切碎；切开【拓展】与 cut 有关的短语 cut down 砍倒 cut ones hair 理发 cut up 切碎 cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断，停止 11、keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep(on)doing sth.一直做某事 keep sb.from doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.=prevent sb.(from)doing s
35、th.阻止某人做某事 其他短语：keep away from 与保持距离 keep out of 阻止进入 keep off远离，避开 keep+adj.保持（某种状态）keep+n.+adj.使保持（某种状态）keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 12.clean off 把擦掉 out 把内部彻底打扫干净 up 打扫干净 are supposed to/are expected to knock before entering.=befor you enter.(时间状语)knock vi.敲门，其后常接介词 at/on v.碰撞，knock into 与相撞；knock down 撞到 n
36、.敲击声；敲击 There is a knock at the door.me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.give sb.some suggestions and advice 给某人提出一些建议和意见 make/offer a suggestion 提出建议 ask for a suggestion 征求建议 suggest v.建议 suggest/advise doing sth.Suggest+that 从句(用虚拟语气 should 可以省略)We suggested/advised putt
37、ing off the sports meet.She suggests that we should start early tomorrow.suggest v.暗示 What he said suggested he was honest.advice n.不可数；忠告，劝告，建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 some pieces of advice/some advice 一些建议 advise v.advise doing sth.建议做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事 adj.空的，反义：full 满的 v.倒空 反义：fill 装满
38、 Please empty the bottle.16.Point at anyone with your chopsticks.用筷子指着别人。pointat 瞄准，对着 He is pointing his finger at me.pointto指向 The hour hand pointed to twelve.Pointout 指出 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.语法精讲：动词不定式 不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not
39、+（to+）动词原形。一、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English.作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语 What sports does he like to play He likes to play ba
40、sketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time.在 make，let，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语 Have you got anything to say 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语 Im sorry to trouble you.I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作
41、形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me.Its very clever of you to do like that.2.不定式
42、作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening 在 find,think，feel,make 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式 Why not do.,Why dont you do.,had better（not）do.
43、,would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do.既可接动词不定式又可以接ing 形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有begin,start,like,love,hate 等。Then I start to watch English-language TV.I like to eat vegetables.3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage
44、后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listen to）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（look at,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且
45、与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。5.不定式作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see you.(目的)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)6.不定式作表语 My job is to help the patient.7.不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。