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1、-.z.小学介词专项练习 一、时间：1)in,on，at 在时 in 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般非特指的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century,in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in the morning,in ones life,in ones thirties 等。on 表示具体*一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st,on Monday,on New Years Day,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning,on Sunday afte
2、rnoon 等。注意：在 last,ne*t,this,that,some,every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.at 表示表示*一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等在：at seven oclock,at a quarter past four,at eleven twenty,at noon,at night,at midnight,at this time of year,at the beginning of,at the end of,at the age of,at Christmas,at this moment等。1)My fathe
3、r usually goes to work _(at,in,on)8:00.2)The party will begin _(at,in,on)2:00pm.表示在早晨，下午，晚上：in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening.1)We never go shopping _(at,in,on)the evening.2)I get up at 7:30 _(at,in,on)the morning.表示在具体*一天：on Monday,on Saturday,on Childrens Day,on June 22,2006,on Teache
4、rs day 1)Christmas is _(at,in,on)December 25th.2)What is the first lesson课_(at,in,on)Tuesday 3)Mr.Web will go to Shanghai _(at,in,on)Oct.22nd.4)He often plays football with his friends _(at,in,on)Sunday.5)Children dont go to school _(at,in,on)New Years Day.-.z.“在星期天的早晨这一类应用 on Sunday morning具体一天早上()
5、1.The girl usually practices the piano _ Saturday morning.A.on B.in C.at()2.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A.at B.on C.in 表示大约时间(about)：Its about si*oclock now.现在大约 6 点钟了。表示一段时间(for)：for two years,(how long)任何时态 表示一段时间之后(in)：in two days,(how soon)将来时 after+时间段，常用于过去时：这里的时间段一般不是具体时间，一般不说 after
6、three days，而是 three days after，但可以说 after a period of time，如：After a while,he came here.after+时间点，可用于各种时态：After dinner I watch TV.晚饭后我看电视。After five,he came here.一段时间+later/ago，分别表示“(多久)以后/以前，主要用于过去时态。after/before+*个时刻，分别表示“在*时刻之后/之前，此时两个词是介词。ago 与 before：ago 只能用于过去时,before 用于完成时。如：He had an acciden
7、t a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故).Some years later,the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家).Have you been there before(你从前到过那儿吗.).After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)since+时间点，常用于完成时态：since three days ago，I have lived here since I was ten years old.until+时间点特定的时间，*事发生：直到为止，在之前 not un
8、til+时间点特定的时间，*事发生：直到才 He didnt turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现 as soon as 一.就-.z.when 与 while(1)when 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while 只指一段时间，因此 when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。(2)when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。(3)由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过
9、去进展时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进展时的时候，多用 while 引导，如：When the teacher came in,we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking,the teacher came in.They were singing while we were dancing.(4)when 和 while 还可作并列连词。when 表示“在那时；while 表示“而，却，表对照关系。如：The children were running to move the bag of ri
10、ce when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。He is strong while his brother is weak.他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。时间相关的固定搭配：at first 起初；at last 最后 at present 现在 at the same time 同时 on time 准时地 in time 及时地 at once 立刻；马上-.z.in a minute 立刻 in a hurry 匆忙地 in the end 相当于 at last,finally,是副词
11、,意思是“最后,最终,终于如：In the end,she found the solution to the problem.(最后,她找到了解决这个问题的方法.)at the end 通常后边要跟上其它成分,即完整的形式是:at the end of sth,意思是“在.的末尾，在.完毕的时候,如：At the end of the month,she finished the task.(在月末的时候,她完成了任务.)at school 在上课，在上学=in school 在求学、在上学 in hospital 住院 at work 上班，在工作 in class 在课堂上 on dut
12、y 值日 on holiday 度假 at school 表示“在学校、在上学相对于在家里或在校外，强调所在场所或时间，如：My son is at school now.He is not at home or somewhere else.我儿子现在在学校，他不在家，也不在别的地方。in school“在求学、在上学相对于有工作，强调主语的身份是学生。如：My daughter still in school,She doesnt work.。我女儿还在上学，她不在工作。in a/the school“在学校，不一定指上学。类似的还有：in hospital“生病住院 in a/the h
13、ospital 表“在医院工作或探视病人等 on/during ones birthday 不加介词的时间短语：-.z.1.ne*t,last,the ne*t,the last 加时间名词做状语时，其前可不用介词。例如：He is going to meet my parents ne*t week.下周他要见我的父母。Who was on duty last week 上周谁值日.2.this,that,these,those 构成的时间状语前可不用介词。例如：time、day 例外 We are going to have a new English book this year.今年我
14、们将有一本新英语书。He didnt go back that night.那晚他没有回来。3.today,tomorrow,yesterday,the day before yesterday,the night before last,the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。例如：Who is on duty today 今天谁值日.He got up early yesterday.昨天他起得早。4.由 one,any,each,every,some 等构成的时间状语前，可不用介词。例如：Tom gets up at si*every morning.汤姆每天早晨 6
15、点钟起床。You can e to ask me any time you like.在你方便的时候可以来找我。5.以 all 开头的时间状语如 all the week,all day 等之前，可以不用介词 for。例如：She was busy all day yesterday.她昨天忙了一整天-.z.2)in,after 在之后 “in+段时间表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来点时间表示将来的*一时刻以后。3)from,since 自从 from 仅说明什么时候开场，不说明*动作或情况持续多久；since 表示*动作或情况持续至说话时
16、刻，通常与完成时连用。4)after,behind 在之后 after 主要用于表示时间；behind 主要用于表示位置。二、地点位置：1)at,in,on,to at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在附近，旁边，at the bookstore,at the bookshop,at the cinema,at Disneyland,at the park,at the third crossing,at the bus stop,at the station,at the restaurant.at home in(1)表示在方;(2)表示“在围之。in the classroom,in t
17、he room on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面。on the road,to 表示在围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到,to the east of China 2)above,over,on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对；over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on 表示*物体上面并与之接触。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.-.z.3)below,unde
18、r 在下面 under 表示在正下方 below 表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4)in front of,in the front of 在前面 in front of意思是“在前面，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是 behind 在的后面。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)in the front of 意思是“在.的前部，即甲物在乙物的部.反义词是 at the bac
19、k of在围的后部。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我们的教师站在教室前.(教师在教室里)5beside，behind beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面 3.表运动方向的介词：across,through 通过，穿过 across 表示横过,即从物体外表通过，与 on 有关；through 穿过,即从物体部穿过，与 in 有关。4.表示“在之间的介词：between,among be
20、tween 指在两个人或两个事物之间；among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。-.z.on the left 和 on the right in 和 out near/ne*t to 5.表示其他意义的介词 1)on,about 关于 on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；about 表示容较为普通，不则正式。2)by,with,in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指*种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；3)e*cept,besides 除了 e*ce
21、pt 除之外，不包括在；besides 除之外，包括在。E*cept Mr.Wang,we went to see the film.(王先生没去)Besides Mr.Wang,we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)on the radio 在播送中 on TV 在电视上播放 on the Internet 在互联网上 on the phone 通过 on sale 出售；降价出售 on the left/right 在左/右边 on foot 步行-.z.on the way 在路上/in the way 以什么方式 laugh at 嘲笑 learn
22、from 向学习/learn about/learn by/learn to do look after 照顾 look for 寻找/look over think of/think about/think over worry about 担忧 listen to 听 look at 看；注视 talk about 交谈；谈/talk to/talk with wait for 等候；等 thank for 为而感 3)形容词和介词连用 be afraid of 害怕 be careful with 小心；关心 be interested in 对感兴趣 be good at 善于 be
23、proud of 感到自豪 in all 总体 be late for 干*事迟到 in English 用英语 be good for 对有利 in short 总之 4其他-.z.by+交通工具 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land in bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 许多，大量 in danger 在危险中 in fact 事实上 at least 至少 in order to 为了()1.Is there a river _ the house A.to B.of C.in D.behind()2.Theyre run
24、ning _ the playground.A.with B.in C.at()3.Can we eat _ Guangzhou Restaurant today A.to B.of C.at()4.She studies English _ Rose School _ England.A.at,from B.in,in C.at,in()5.A plane is flying _ the city.A.on B.over C.above()6.There are many apples _ the tree.A bird _ the tree is picking an apple.A.in
25、;on B.on;in C.in;at 1.有独立意思的：1with 和一起并列的成分分开使用时用 with I went to the garden _Tom.Liu Tao is going to visit his grandpa _his parents.with 带有 The boy _is David.那个有着一双大眼睛的是大卫。-.z.The school_ is over there.那边的那个学校有 34 间教室。The boy _in his hand likes reading.那个手里拿着一本书的男孩很爱读书。with 用 Touch your head with yo
26、ur hands 2of “的 _，新学期的第一天 _一吉姆家人的照片 _学校的名字 of 量词的运用 _ 一杯 3)from.从，来自,向 Tom the UK.汤姆来自于英国。The students learn English.学生们从我这里学英语。4)about 关于谈话的容，故事的容，Theythe weekends.他们正在谈论周末。5on 作“关于讲，表示论题。如：一本关于收音机的书。6like 作“像解，表示相似。如：看起来像 7in 表示“穿着，“戴着或“用*种语言、材料等。如：穿着红色衣服的女人；用英语讲；用墨水 8as 作“作为解，表示身份。作为一个教师 9)about(
27、大约),over(=more than)(多于，超过),below(=less than)(少于，缺乏)等介词表示“数 about/over/below/2,000 people-.z.10)without 表示“没有，“无。,there is nothing.没有水就没有一切。11)by 表示“通过交通工具、手段、通讯方式等。如：乘公共汽车乘火车 乘飞机乘船 12).for 表示动作的对象或承受者为、给，对于、作为、目的、原因、时间、距离(计、达)。What will we have 我们晚餐吃什么 Thank you so well.感你如此尽心地教我们。Watching TV too m
28、uchyour health.看电视太多有害于你的安康。I usually do the runningin the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there.我们将在那里逗留两天。Lets go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。13).on,over,by 作“通过解，表示“途径。如：通过收音机；通过电视；乘公共汽车 15)固定词组：look for look after on duty look at listen to of course get sth for sb stay in bed write an/a letter to.talk ab
29、out talk to sb from to on foot 一、选择填空，并把其字母编号写在括号。()1.Its time _ supper.A.at B.in C.on D.for()2.Its no time _ school.Its time _ go back home.A.to,for B.to,to C.for,to()3.Mr Brown es _ America.-.z.A.at B.from C.in D.to()4.Whats this _ English A.in B.at C.on D.under()5.Sometimes I go to school _ foot.
30、A.by B.in C.on D.with()6.Count 数_ one _ ten.A.from,by B.from,to C.to,to D.at,to()7.My sister is looking _ her new shoes now.A.at B.after C.for D.to()8.Its cold outside.Please _ your warm clothes.A.put in B.take off C.put on D.put up()9.The classroom is quite different _ that one.A.of B.from C.with D
31、.like()10.A:Do many children in our class often skate _ winter B:Yes,they usually have fun _ winter.A.in,in B.on,on C.at,at()11.A:Does the autumn start _ August B;Sometimes it does.But usually it starts _ September.A.in,in B.on,on C.at,at()12.I usually play table tennis _ school.A.after B.when C.by(
32、)13.I like summer.Is it cool _ autumn What _ summer Oh,it is too hot.A.in,about on B.on,about on C.in,about in()14.A:Do you listen to the radio _ a long time-.z.B:No,I often listen to it _ twenty minutes.A.for,to B.for,for C.to,for()15.When is May Day Its _ the first of May.A.on B.in C.at()16.They w
33、ill move to the new school _ ne*t Monday.A.on B.in C./()17.He always goes to school at 7:00 _ every day.A.on B.in C./()18.She does her homework _ half an hour every day.A.in B.for C./二、用所给的介词填空。1.Go straight ahead,the post office is _ your right.2.We could buy hamburgers _ lunch.3.I help my mother _
34、 the housework.4.You can e and have dinner _ us.5.I painted a picture _ horses.6.Bill is a heavy boy _ short hair.7.Adults usually give lucky money to children _ Spring Festival.8.Its a postcard明信片 _ the USA.9.I live _ the eighth floor.11.Are you listening _ me 12.We usually stay _ home _ Saturday a
35、fternoon.13.Shall we meet _ the gate大门 _ the school 14.Dont walk _ the grass.-.z.15.Some children are swimming _ the river河.三、单项选择。每题 1 分，共 10 分()1.We have a great meal.That _ nice.A.sound B.sounds C.soundes()2.Whats _ favourite festival._ favourite festival is the Lantern Festival.A.my，Your B.your，My C.your，Your()7.What do you do _ Teachers Day.A.at B.in C.on()8.Have you got a book _ America.A.under B.about C.write()10.I can _ your pen friend.A.am B.be C.is