2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题01-冠词12195.pdf

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1、 1 专题一 冠词 重难点分析 冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,不能单独使用,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。一、冠词的位置 考点 示例 1 such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词 quite a small house,such a little boy 2 how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词 so nice

2、a girl 3 both/all/half/twice/double+the+名词 twice the size of the room 4 half a(n)或 a half+单数可数名词 half an hour/a half hour 二、不定冠词 考点 示例 1 表示泛指,与 any 同义 A square has four sides.正方形有四边。2 表示数量“一”,与 one 同义,但其数的概念不如one 强烈 He will be back in a week.一周后,他就会回来了。3 表示一类人或东西,与 the same 同义 Bird of a feather floc

3、k together.物以类聚,人以群分。4 表示“每一个”,与 every,each,per 同义 I visit my father once a month.我一个月见一次我爸爸。5 表示“某一”,与 a certain 同义 A Mr.Smith is waiting to see you.一位斯密斯先生在等着要见你。6 表示“像似的”,与 like 同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class.他是我们班上的雷锋。7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等 We had a heavy rain last night.我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。8 用在某

4、些抽象名词前,使其具体化 You are a great help to your mother.你帮了你母 2 亲一个大忙。三、定冠词 考点 示例 1 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 There I met a foreigner,and the foreigner helped me a lot.Do you know the man standing by the window?2 用于单数名词前,指一类事物 The lion is a wild animal.3 用于乐器名称前 play the violin/piano 4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the

5、sun,the earth,the moon 5 与某些形容词连用表示一类人 the rich,the poor,the young,the aged 6 用在序数词和最高级前 the first one to come to school,the best student in our class 7 在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中 The Changjiang River,the West Lake,the English Channel 8 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前 the Browns,in the 1980s 9 在表示国家的形容词前,泛指该国的人民 th

6、e Chinese,the English 10 用在一些习惯用语中 in the morning,the day after tomorrow,the day before yesterday,the next year 四、零冠词 考点 示例 1 专有名词和不可数名词前 China,America,Grade One,Class Two,air,money,water 2 名词前已有 this,that,my,your,some,any 等 Go down this street.3 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时 We are students.I like reading stori

7、es.4 成对名词连用时 day after day,face to face 5 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前 play basketball,play chess,like physics,speak English,at lunch 6 在季节、月份、星期或某些含 Day 的节假日等名词前 Autumn is the best season in Beijing.In May,New Years Day,on Sunday 3 7 在某些习惯用语中的名词前 at noon,by bus,by telephone,in bed,in time,go to bed,go to col

8、lege 五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析 英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。1.in front of 在(外)的前面;in the front of 在(内)的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom.教室前面有一个花园。(外)There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板。(内)2.in charge of 掌管、负责;in the charge of 在负责之下 An experienced worker is in ch

9、arge of the project.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。3.at table 在进餐、吃饭时;at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table.吃饭时他很少说话。They sat at the table,talking and laughing.他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。4.by day 白天、日间;by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day.他白天在办公室工作。

10、Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。5.take place 发生、举行;take the place(of)代替、接替 When did this conversation take place?这次谈话什么时候进行的?Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country.在我们国家,电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。6.in words 用语言;in a word 总之 Please express your tho

11、ughts in words.请用言语表达你的想法。In a word,I dont trust you.总之,我不相信你。7.at times 有时、不时;at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Pass me the bricks two at a time.每次递给我两块砖。8.little 少、不多的;a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up,there is little time left.快点,时间不多了。Dont hurry,you still have a little time.不用急

12、,你还有时间。9.few 很少、几乎没有的;a few 有些、几个 4 He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。Only a few of the children can read.只有几个孩子会阅读。10.a most interesting 非常有趣的;the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。This is the most interesting story of the three.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。11.a doctor a

13、nd nurse 一位医生兼护士;a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。A doctor and a nurse are standing there.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。12.a number of 许多、好些;the number of 的数目(后面的谓语动词用单数)A number of students are in the classroom.许多学生在教室里。The number of students in the classroom is fo

14、rty.教室里有 40 个学生。考点练透 一、单句填空 用适当的冠词填空,不需要的划“/”。1.hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?Sorry,wrong number.There isnt _ Mr.Smith here.2.I know you dont like _ music very much.But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday?3.I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over _ keyboard.You should

15、nt put drinks near _ computer.4.Of all _ reasons for my decision to become a university professor,my fathers advice was _ most important one.5.According to _ World Health Organization,health-care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS.6.For him _ stage is just _ means of maki

16、ng a living.7.I think if really _ honor for me to speak here.8.This lab used to be in _ charge of Mr.Wang.9.I know there is _ Mr.Smith next door,who has gone on _ business.10.He devotes most of his time to _ football.And I am sure he promises _ excellent footballer.5 11.Dont lose heart.Please have _

17、 second try.12.Those who are rich should help _ poor.13.In some factories workers get paid by _ piece.14.John is _ university student from _ European country.15.Teachers play _ active and important part in building up students character.16._ Zhangs live on the second floor.17.It is known to us all t

18、hat _ light travels faster than _ sound.18.A tower is seen in _ distance.19.In case of fire,please press _ red button.20.Shenzhen has _ population of more than 10 million.21._ days I spent with Mary in Shanghai were so wonderful.22.My brother was born in _ spring of 1990.23.How sweetly she sings!I h

19、ave never heard _ better voice.24.Beijing is _ second largest city in China.25.My trip to Tibet was really _ unforgettable experience.二、语篇填空 在括号中填入适当的冠词。There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace.Many artists tried.The king looked at all 4 pictures.

20、But there were only two he really liked,and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake.The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it.Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy(绒毛状的)white clouds.All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.Th

21、e other picture had mountains,too.But these were rugged and bare.Above was 6 angry sky,from which rain fell and in which lightning played.Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾)a foaming waterfall.This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely,he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bus

22、h growing in a crack in the rock.In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest.There,in the midst of the bush of angry water,sat the mother bird on her nest in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture.三、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。6 Most of us know about the Nobel Prize,especially the

23、Nobel Peace Prize,but few of us know anything about the man who set them up.His name was Alfred Nobel,1 outstanding scientist and inventor.Besides,he had a big business 2 making and selling explosives,which may surprise you.His companies even made and sold weapons.Isnt this something 3 surprises you

24、?The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?4 Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons,he hated war.He hoped that there would be no war in the world.He was one of the 5 (rich)in Europe.When he died in 1896,he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will.According to

25、his will,most of his money was placed in a fund.He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.We know them 6 the Nobel Prizes.The Nobel Prizes are international.Alfred Nobel wanted the 7 (win)to be chosen for their work,not the country 8 came from.Alfred Nobel 9 (give)his whol

26、e life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind.He made money all by his own efforts,10 he left the world share his wealth.His inventions and wealth stay with the world forever.助读词汇 explosive n.炸药 fund n.基金 outstanding adj.杰出的 weapon n.武器 will n.遗嘱 interest n.利息;收益 benefit n.利益 efforts

27、 n.努力 set up 设立;建立 leave behind 留下 参考答案 考点练透 一、单句填空 1.a 2./;the 3.the;a 4.the;the 5.the;the 6.the;a 7.an 8.the 9.a;/10./;an 11.a 12.the 13.the 14.a;a 15.an 16.The 17./;/18.the 19.the 20.a 21.The 22.the 23.a 24.the 25.an 二、语篇填空 7 1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.a 6.an 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.the 三、语法填空 本文简要讲述阿尔弗雷

28、德诺贝尔的一些轶事以及诺贝尔奖设立的历史和经过。1.an 此空所在的语块是个同位语。不定冠词的基本用法,表“一个/一位”,后的 outstanding 是元音音素开头,故填 an。2.from 语块 2 making and selling explosives 既不作主语也不作宾语或表语,故常填介词。from 表“从”,此外,从下文 Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons 也可推知答案。3.that 此处 that 引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词只能用 that,不能用 which。4.Although/Though 空后是两个分句,故此空肯

29、定是填连接词。根据后面的 he hated war 可知,此处存在一个让步关系,故填 Although 或 Though,引导让步状语从句。5.richest 此题是非纯空格题,只需要考虑:动词、形容词或副词的比较等级、词类的转化。根据句意和 one of the不难推知应填最高级。6.as 常用结构 knowas意为“把称之为”。as 作为介词时,常意为“作为”。7.winners 根据句子成分分析,此处缺少宾语,因此填名词。注意用复数。(有些考生常忘加复数)8.they 此处缺少主语,故填代词。they 指代 winners。9.had given 整篇文章的主题时态是一般过去式。give 在此处作为谓语,故只需要考虑时态和语态即可。根据文意可知,此处是讲诺贝尔对人类的贡献和影响,故用完成时最合适。(注意是过去完成时态)10.but 空的前后是两个分句,故填连接词。根据文意,此处显然存在一个转折关系,故填并列连词but。

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