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1、IF 的用法 if 是英语中出现频率很高的连词,并且它的用法也很多。学生感到很难掌握,为了让同学们更多更好地了解其用法及其语法功能。现结合教学中遇到的情况,予以归纳,以供参考。一、if 作为连词,引导条件状语从句,它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将 来时,则 if 引导的状语从句用一般现在时。例如:1.If itdoesntrain,we will go to the park next Sunday.如果天不下雨,下周星期天我们将去公园。2.If you ask him,he will help you如果你求他,他将会帮助你。二、if 还可以引导让步状语从句。这时 i
2、f 当作“即使是”,“虽说”解。例如:1.If shes poor,at least shes honest 虽说她很穷,但至少她还是诚实的。2.If I am wrong,you are wrong,too 即使说我错了,那么你也不对。3.Ill do it,even if it takes me all the afternoon 虽然会花费我一下午的时间,我还是要做这事。三、if 作为连词还可以引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句时和 whether 意思相同。例如:1.Lily asked if whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。2.She asked if whet
3、her they had a cotton one 她问是否他们有一件棉织的。四、if 引导时间状语从句,当 if 做“当”或“无论何时”解而不含有条件之义时,if 从句中的时态与主句中的时态相同。例如:1.If youmix yellow and blue,you get green你将黄色与蓝色混合,便会得到绿色。2.If she wants the servant,she rings the bell每当她需要仆人时,她便按铃。五、if 后接否定动词,用于感叹句中,表示沮丧、惊奇等。例如:I.Well,if I havent left my false teeth at home!真倒霉
4、,我把假牙丢在家里了!2.And if he didnt try to knock me down!(What do you think he did!He tried knock me down!)你猜他想做什么他想把我撞倒!六、用于虚拟语气中,if 从句中用过去式,表示不可能实现,大概不会实现或提出作为考虑的假定条件。例如:1.If you were a bird,you could fly.假使你是只鸟,你便会飞了。2.If I asked him(if I were to ask him)for a loan,would he agree 如果我向他借贷,他会答应吗?另外,if 从句中
5、用过去完成式,表示过去未实现的条件(例如由于不可能实现或某人之未能实行)。例如:1.If they had startedearlier,they would have arrivedin time要是他们早些动身,他们便可及时到达了。2.If they had not started when they did,they would not be here now如果他们那时不动身,现在他们就不会在此地了。第三,在文学体栽中,if 有时可省略,然后将主语与所用的限定动词(尤其是 were,had,should)倒置。例如:1.Should it(=if it should)be necess
6、ary,I will go.倘若有必要,我会去的。2.Were I(=if I were)in your place,I would do the same 如果我处于你的位置,我也会这样干的。3.Had I(=if I had)known earlier,I would come如果我早一点知道,我就会来。七、if 与其它一些介词的连用。首先,as 与 if 连用,它的意思是:“仿佛、好像”同样引导从句。例如:1.It isnt as if we are rich(We are not rich)我们不像富有的样子。(即我们不富有)2.It isnt as if he doesnt know
7、 the ruler(ieHe does know the rulers)他不像不懂规则的样子。(即他懂得规则)另外 as if 还可以引导感叹句。例如:As if I would allow it!(ieI would certainly not allow it!)好像我会答应似的!(我才不会答应哩!)其次,if 与 only 连用。常表示愿望或一个未实现的条件,尤其用于感叹句中。例如:1.If only he arrives in time!他若能及时到达就好了!2.If only she would marry me!但愿她能嫁给我!3.If only she had known ab
8、out it!(But she didnt know.)她那时要是知道(但她不知道)这事就好了!可引导状语从句 如果.,假使.a.就现在,过去,未来可能实现之事加以推测时 If you are tired,we will go straight home 如果你疲倦了,我们就直接回家 If you have finished reading this book,please return it to me 如果你念完这本书,请把它还给我 Do you mind if I open the window 如果我打开窗子,你介意吗(我可以打开窗子吗)I shall tell him if he c
9、omes 如果他来了,我会告诉他 2.用于虚拟语气中 you knew how I suffered,you would pity me 如果你知道我多麽受苦,你会同情我 If I were you,I would help him 如果我是你,我会帮助他 I had known,I wouldnt have done it 假使我知道,我就不会做那件事 If he had followed my advice,he wouldnt be in such difficulty now 如果他听从我的劝告,他现在就不会陷入如此的困境 c.If it should rain tomorrow,I
10、shall not shant,wont come 万一明天下雨,我就不来 可引导宾语从句,是不是.基本等同于 whether Ask him if it is true 问他那是不是真的 I wonder if he is in the school 我不知道他是否在学校 IF 引导的条件状语从句,后半句即主句为将来时,从句则应为现在时。例如:If he walks to school at 6:50am,he will be late for school.(这里引导未发生或可能发生的事,表事情发生的条件)IF 有时候也引导虚拟语气 例如:If I were you,I would go
11、with him.主句用过去将来式,从句为过去式(这里引导已发生或不可能发生的事,表假设)since 用法:1。用作介词,意思是“从以来,自从”,常与完成时连用 例如:I havent written home since Christmas.2。用作副词,意思是“从那时以后(一直到现在)”,ever since 从那以后一直(更加强调 since 的用法)。His first book was a great success and he has been famous as a writer ever since.3。用作连词 1.引导原因状语从句,相当于 now that,意思是“因为,
12、既然,鉴于”。Since the rain has stopped,lets go for a walk.since 表示原因时,语气比 because 弱,表示的原因是对方已知的,或是句中不很重要的部分,是附带的原因,因此引导的从句不是信息的焦点,不能回答 why 的提问,也不能用在强调句型中作为被强调的内容。since 引导的从句往往放在主句之前。2.引导时间状语从句,此用法较复杂。(1)若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性动词(如 go,come,leave,start,begin 等)的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。这是最常见的一种用法。如:He
13、has studied very hard since he came to our school.(2)若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的静态动词(如 live,stay,study,learn,smoke,be 等)的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从该动作或状态的完成或结束时算起”。如:I havent eaten snakes since I was a student at school.was 表示状态,因此该句可理解为:I havent eaten snakes since I left school.(3)若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动
14、词或静态动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如:He has written to me frequently since I have been ill.这里 have been ill 表示状态的持续性,时间的起点应从:“开始生病”时算起。因此此句可理解为:“自从我生病以来,他经常给我写信。”(4)It is+段时间+since./It has been+段时间+since.表示“从起已有多长时间了”。两句型意思相同,前者是规范说法,后者是口语说法。用法:since 从句中常用一般过去时,若从句中是持续性动词的一般过去时,则表示
15、该动作结束有多长时间了。如:It is three years since he smoked.if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。如:We can walk there if we cant find a bus.If it rains tomorrow,we will not go to the zoo.What will you do if you find a pan
16、da in danger.如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如:If bears are in danger,they attack people.注意:在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,if 和条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首,从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则 as if 的用法 as if 好像,好似 She spoke to me as if she knew me.她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。(=as though)as if 的用法 一、as if 从句的作用 1 在 lo
17、ok,seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如:She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win 看来我们队要胜了。2 引导方式状语从句。如:She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grownup 那孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。二、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果 as if 引导的从句是“
18、主语系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如:He acts as if(he was)a fool 他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hands as if(he was going)to say something 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。三、as if 从句的语气及时态 1 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如:It sou
19、nds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。2 as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如:You look as if you didn t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如
20、:He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩倾听着,一动也不动,像已经变成了石头似的。(3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。如:He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow 看来好像要下雪了。as if 的用法 一
21、、as if 从句的作用 1 在 look,seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如:She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win 看来我们队要胜了。2 引导方式状语从句。如:She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grow-up 那孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。二、as if 还可用于省略
22、句中如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如:He acts as if(he was)a fool 他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hands as if(he was going)to say something 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。三、as if 从句的语气及时态 1 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能
23、发生或存在的事实时。如:It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。2as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如:You look as if you didn t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。(2)从句表示与过去事实相反
24、,谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如:He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩倾听着,一动也不动,像已经变成了石头似的。(3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。如:He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow 看来好
25、像要下雪了。(4)as if 后面可以接陈述语气和虚拟语气,如果句子的情况是真实的,那么只要保持时态一致即可,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要按照虚拟语气规则把句子形式改变(简单说就是时态倒退原则)。编辑本段举例 it seems as if it is raining。外面看起来象是下雨了。(陈述)it seems as if it were raining。外面看起来好像下雨一样。(虚拟,其实并没有下雨)开放分类:英语,语法 “as if”在英汉词典中的解释(来源:百度词典):as if KK:DJ:as if英音:z if美音:z f 以下结果由译典通提供词典解释 1.犹如;好像 She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。以下结果来自互联网网络释义 as if 1.好像,似乎,仿佛 高教自考英语二完整讲义:词组列表(一)_新.if 好像,似乎,仿佛 好象,仿佛 打印文章“大学英语四英语六级考试词组”as if 好象,仿佛 好像,防腐 重要短语 CET 必备(1)_英语题库-中国.43.as if 好像,防腐