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1、Grammar -Review the grammar 回顾语法点,By Yusi,英语单词词性缩写,prep=preposition 介词pron=pronoun 代名词，也可叫代词n=noun 名词v=verb动词，兼指及物动词和不及物动词conj=conjunction连接词，也叫连词vi=intransitiveverb不及物动词的缩写vt=transitiveverb及物动词的缩写aux.v=auxiliary助动词的缩写adj=形容词，adjective的缩写，也有写成aadv=adverb的副词的缩写，也有写成ad，,Company Logo,英语单词词性缩写,art=artic
2、le冠词的缩写num=numeral数词的缩写int=interjection感叹词，的缩写U=uncountablenoun不可数名词的缩写c=countablenoun可数名词的缩写pl=plural复数的缩写int.语气词abbr.缩写词,Company Logo,Company Logo,英语基本句型,主+ 不及物动词 Everybody smiled. (大家都笑了) 主语+及物动词+宾语 He knows everything. （他什么都知道）主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I showed him my passport. (我把护照拿给他看),Company Logo,英
3、语基本句型,主语+系动词+表语 The boy looks healthy. (那个男孩看起来很健康) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 What made you angry. （什么是你生气）,Tips (温馨提示),宾语的含义：宾语，又称为受词，指一个动 作的接受者。宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作的影响的对象。不及物动词的含义：不能直接跟有动作对象（即宾语）及物动词的含义：能够直接在跟有动作对象,Company Logo,Tips (温馨提示),系动词的含义：是用来帮助说明主语的动词 它本身有词意，但不能单独用作谓语，其后面必须
4、跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质，特征等情况。常用的系动词包括：be, sound, smell, feel, taste, become, get, go, appear, seem, fall etc.表语的含义：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品质、特征和状态。表语通常由名词、形容词、介词、副词动词的 ing形式、不定式、从句充当。它常位于系动词之后。,Company Logo,从句的类型,1. 名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句） 2.状语从句（目的、原因、让步、条件、方式比较） 3.定语从句（限制定语从句、非限制性定语从句）,Company Logo,Grammar -the
5、 attributive clause定语从句,By Yusi,Company Logo,基本概念(definitions),Contents,1,基本用法(basic usage),2,特殊用法(exceptions),3,练习巩固(exercises),4,Company Logo,（一）定语从句基本概念,定语从句：对所修饰词的意思加以限制,表示“的人或物。先行词：被定语所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的部分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。 代人 who, whom, whose, th
6、at, as 关系代词 代物 which, that, whose, as 关系副词 when, where, why,Company Logo,（一）基本概念,限制性定语从句 ： 限定性定语从句表现为先行词，在意义上是不可或缺的，若省略，所修饰的主句的内容就不完整或者失去意义，和主句关系非常亲密，写时不可用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句： 对句子起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响去全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开。,例句：,e.g.(限制性语从句)1）The man (who )robbed has been arrest. 抢劫它的人被逮捕了。2）The girl (whom) I saw t
7、old me to come back today. 我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天回来.e.g.(非限制性语从句)Our guide, (who) was a French, was an excellent cooker. 我的导游是个法国人，并且是一个非常出色的厨师。,Company Logo,Company Logo,（三）关系代词基本用法,Company Logo,（四）关系代词具体用法,Who 指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。Whom 一般指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作宾语。 Whose 一般指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中做定语。 whose=the + n.+of which/
8、whomw,e.g. Here comes the girl (who )wants to see you.,e.g. Rose is the person(whom/who) you should look after. 萝丝是你应该照顾的人。,e.g. I know the man whose company produces computers. 我认识的那个人，他的公司生产电脑。,Company Logo,（四）关系代词具体用法,e.g. China is a country (which) has long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家,Which 一般指物，在定语从句
9、中可以充当主语、宾语或者 表语。做宾语时可以省略，但是作介词的宾语，且介词提前时，不可以省略。AS 一般指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、或者表语。它常用在 the sameas,suchas等结构中。As 不能省略。,e.g. Ill buy the same dictionary(as) you have . 我将买本和你一样的字典。e.g. Such teachers (as) know Tom think him smart. 那些认识 汤姆的人认为他聪明。,Company Logo,（四）关系代词具体用法,That 可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，作宾语
10、时可以省略。作介词宾语宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，如果介词提前，则需要用which 或者 whom 来代替 that。e.g. The school (that / which) he once studied in is very famous. = The school (in which)he once studied is very famous. 我曾经读书的学校非常的有名。,Company Logo,（五）关系副词的具体用法,e.g. This is the place (where) I first met her. 这是我第一次见到她的地方。,关系副词的 含义: 有副词和
11、连接词的两种作用，在定语从句中做状语，用于修饰子句中的某一词或者名词，放在先行词之后。主要有: where, why, when.,e.g.We were very happy in those days (when ) we studied in schools, 我们在学校上学的那些日子很快乐。e.g. This is the reason(why) she did so. 这就是她这么做的原因。,Company Logo,Tips,关系副词可与which互换: when = on which where= in which why= which for,Company Logo,Exer
12、cises :,Do you know the professor _will give us a speech next week? I read a report about his new novel _ will soon be published. The plan _they argued about was settled at last. This is the new secretary _I would like to introduce to you. The soldier _ legs were badly wounded was operated on withou
13、t delay.,who / that,that/ which,that/which,(who/whom/that),whose,Company Logo,（六）难点:关系代词 that 用法,以下情况只能That，不能用which的情况1) 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little,none 等不定代词。e.g. She told me everything that she knew. 她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时，或先行词为形容词的最高级修饰时。 e.g. The
14、first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 。,Company Logo,（六）难点关系代词 that 用法难点,e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过最好看电影。3) 当先行词是all, no, few, any, little, the very, the last, the only 等词语修饰时。e.g. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that she kno
15、ws. 史密斯是我认识的唯一外国人。4) 当先行词为即有人又有物时。 e.g. I can remember the person and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能记得我在那个房间里的见到的人和一些照片。,Company Logo,（四）关系代词 that 用法难点,5) 当主语是以 who 或者 which 开头的特殊疑问句中。 e.g. Which is the true story that he told us. 他给我讲的故事哪一个是真的。6) 当主语是以 here，there 开头时。 e.g. There is a seat
16、 in the corner that is still not taken. 角落里还有一个没被占的位置。e.g. Here is a hotel that youve been looking for. 这儿有一家你一直在找的宾馆。,Company Logo,（六）难点：关系代词 that 用法,7）当先行词在句中做表语，关系代词本身在定语从句也作表语时。e.g. He isnt a boy that he was. 他不再是过去的那个男孩了。,（七）难点：关系代词 宜用which ，不用that的情况,1）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。e.g. This is
17、 the room in (which) he lives. = This is the room that he lives in. 这就是他住的房间。2）引导非限制性定语从句时 e.g. Tom came back,(which) made us very happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很开心。,Company Logo,（七）难点：关系代词 宜用which ，不用that的情况,3）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词宜用which。e.g. Let me show the novel (that) I borrow from
18、that library which was newly open. 我给你看看这本从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。,Company Logo,（七）难点：关系代词 宜用who ,不用that的情况,1）先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one， anyone， no one, all , nobody, anybody, none. 等，或先行词为 thoes, 或者 those 修饰，指人时。e.g. The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.你应该向之学习的是那个学习努力且成绩优异的学
19、生2）引导非限制性定语从句时e.g. The famous film start, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention. 那个试图东山再起的著名影星引起了很多关注。,Company Logo,（七）难点：关系代词 宜用who ,不用that的情况,3) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that， 另一个一般应用 who。e.g. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
20、昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是学习非常努力的组长。,Company Logo,Company Logo,Exercise,He told me everything he knows.All the books that you offered have been given out.This is the best film that I have ever read.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered
21、.He is the only man that I want to see.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.,that,Company Logo,（五）关系代词用which不用that的情况,Ive lost my pen, which I like very much.The room in which there is a machine is workshop.,Company Logo,Use proper relative pronouns to finish the following exercise:,I ha
22、te people _ dont have a sense of time.Mount Everest is the highest mountain _ man has been to.Ive told you everything _ I know.He is the one _ helped me a lot when I was in trouble.This is the first time _ he has seen a celebrity himself.The man _ speech moved everybody at the meeting is a famous po
23、litician.Hes looking at the only photo _ he has for his. Parents.,who,who,that,that,that,that,whose,Company Logo,(六) 介词 + 关系代词,The school (that / which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied in is very famous.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用， 如look for, look after, take care of.
24、 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 2.前置介词的宾语，用whom, which,或 whose + n. The man with whom you talked is my friend.,Company Logo,(七) 关系代词 VS 关系副词,This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.This is the mountain village which I visited last year.Ill never forget the days when I w
25、orked together with you.Ill never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.,Company Logo,Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,D,A,in which,Why = for whichWhen = in which / at whichWhere = in which /
26、 at which,Company Logo,（八）as VS which,As is known to all, china is a developing country.John, as you know, is a famous writer.He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.such/soas the same as,位置差别、意义差别,Compare：such/sothat the samethat,Company Logo,Exercises: Choose the proper
27、relative pronouns to finish the following clauses:,who, where, that, which, whose, whom,He would hire a man _ they say is a good programmer.He is a man _ you can safely depend on.The small town _ he grew up as a child has turned into a big city.The only thing _ I can do is to wait.This is the librar
28、y _ he loves best.The man _ mustache is grey is ninety years old now.,whom,who,where,that,which/that,whose,Company Logo,Homework:,Correct dictation bookTextbook: p.9 find out all the attributive clauses and take them down to dictation book and number them.Textbook: p.11Memorize the example sentences on page 13-14 in our exercisebook.,Thank you,