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1、托福写作素材:科技类话题汇总 科技类话题是托福作文常考得内容。本文整理了托福写作话题中关于科技问题的托福写作素材汇总。考生可以参考本文的托福写作必备素材内容，多多积累相关资料。祝大家取得好成果! 新托福写作万能素材：约网友 We owe much to the development and expansion of the Internet. It has enabled one of the main technological and cultural revolutions in recent history: theemergence of social media. Over th
2、e last 10 years, online social media have grown extremely fast and become central to the lives of hundreds of millions of people.Social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Pinterest, Instagram, and Google Plus allow us to communicate with family, friends, and people that we would have nev
3、er had the chance to meet regularly. Some social media such as LinkedIn and Meetup are becoming important tools for our work and business networking.However, although many people spent considerable part of their lives interacting with social media, others refuse to engage with online social networki
4、ng. Let's dissect some of the benefits and dangers of social networking. The pros of social networking Social networks allow us to keep in touch with people that we meet at different points in our lives and reconnect with old friends that we may have not seen in years for various reasons. Online
5、 social media help bridge previously insurmountable physical distances. Before Facebook, it was difficult to follow what your friends were doing. You could write emails, and before that letters, but the sense of proximity that people get by reading comments and things friends share and seeing their
6、pictures on the social media is something never achieved before. Instant messaging services, such as Whatsapp, and conference call software, such as Skype, add to this new feeling of proximity with people that may be leaving thousands of miles away. Social networks offer their users the capacity to
7、get almost immediate access to information about things happening elsewhere. When something important happens in the world people often find out almost immediately through social media. Just by spending five minutes on your Twitter, Facebook or Reddit feed you can learn about global social, cultural
8、 and economic events and trends.They even allow to shame the politicians and other people that have done or said something unethical or wrong. These platforms also allow for global interaction with people from different backgrounds. Before social media, interacting with people from distant places wa
9、s almost exclusively the privilege of those who could afford travelling. Now through social networking sites we often engage in discussions and can establish friendships with people very different from us. Some social media even facilitate people meeting face-to-face. For instance, networks such as
10、Couchsurfing allow you to live for some time with people you might have otherwise never met. Likewise some social networksspecialized in dating help people meeting others and often establish long term relationships. Thanks to the social networks some people and small companies cangain visibility for
11、 their products and creations without having to invest much in advertising. Social networks can also very effective ways to find a job, a business partner or an employee. Finally, social platforms, such as netivist, help to promote public participation andcivic engagement. People have new means to e
12、xpress their views and defend causes they find worth fighting for. Protest movements around the world, such as the Arab Spring, the Occupy Movement and the European Indignados employed social media for the mobilization and organization of protesters. At the same time, the use of social media, such a
13、s Twitter or Reddit, by Obama during his campaign for the White House is a good example of how politicians and citizens can interact more directly to the benefit of political participation and democratic processes. The cons of social media However, social media may also have some negative effects on
14、 our lives and the way people interact. First of all, it is argued that social media may insulate us from the people that surround us. Although these platforms make communication easier and more flexible with those far away, they can have the opposite impact on our relationships with the people we l
15、ive with. Who has not been in a family or friends' reunion, where everyone is just looking at their smartphones or tablets rather than speaking to each other? Social networks serve to disseminate information, but the validity of this information cannot always be verified. Thus, social media can
16、be used to spread rumors, propaganda, and misleading information. Sometimes this information canhave negative impact on the lives of people. Apologies and rectifications tend not to reach as many people and travel as fast as flashy erroneous information. Harm is not always undone or compensated. 新托福
17、写作万能素材：我为啥要买最新的iPhone7 Why People Adopt Or Wait For New Technology On the Quora, Alexia Tsotsis asked an interesting question: What are the key differences between “Normals” (normal mainstream users) and tech early adopters?Heres the answer I posted: (Ive been thinking about this question for a whil
18、e now. Something was bothering me and I think Ive figure it out. Instead of thinking about early adopters and normals as if they are two homogeneous groups, I think its better to look at the motivations that triggersomeone to buy into a new technology or solution at various points in the release tim
19、eline. Heres some of our research findings, as we try to understand when people take to new stuff:) People Who Are First In our research, weve found three main reasons that someone adopts a product or service early on. 获得社会地位： Being First to Gain Social Status Many of the answers describing early ad
20、opters are talking about a select group of people who are the first to acquire new technologies and solutions those with the motivation to be amongst the first. In our research, there are common themes of drivers for this motivation. These individuals tend to drive their social status by knowing the
21、 latest-and-greatest in whats happening in the tech space. The people weve interviewed tell us they enjoy the thrill of having something before others, of knowing details about whats happening, and of partaking in the insider community of the tech world. 职业的须要，测评： For these individuals, its a passio
22、nate avocation, sometimes professional, to collect and promote their newest items. They dont need the products for what they do, they just want them to be at the leading edge of use. You can think of it like movie reviewers they go to practically every movie, to serve as an informed authority for ot
23、hers in their influence circles on how good it is and what the salient features are. These folks arent very loyal customers. In our research, they infrequently use something once another item comes out to replace it. (Plus, if they develop enough of a reputation, they are often given the first versi
24、on, so they dont even provide the initial revenue.) They are, in effect, an extension of the marketing machine for the product. Being First as Product Research Theres another group we found in our research: those folks who want to be first because they need to keep up for professional reasons. They
25、are almost always in the tech community (or in fringe communities, like financial analysts that study the tech world). They buy the new to understand the core of the innovations that are happening. Their interest isnt in use, but in reverse engineering, on some level. They want to see what makes it
26、tick and how to exploit any good ideas for other projects they may have. These arent very loyal customers either. They dont really care about the product or the company that made it, beyond what salient innovations they can take away. 满意急需的需求： Being First to Solve An Active Need Unlike the other two
27、 categories above, this group jumps at a new product or service because it promises to solve a need they find very pressing. For these folks, theyre currently feeling pain and the new product or service is a solution. 各种例证： Recently, weve seen this with the Toyota Prius (need: be more environmentall
28、y friendly and reduce gas consumption), Apple iPod (need: have more music available), Apple iPhone (need: a better mobile experience), TiVo (need: time-shifted television watching), Dropbox (need: share files across devices and with colleagues), and Cirque du Soleil (need: a grown-up circus). (Whats
29、 interesting is the folks who buy into these products early on dont typically buy into just any products early. They have a real need and are willing to take the risks of the early product to resolve it. This group isnt responsive to brands per se, though a successful outcome willstrengthen brand en
30、gagement. They dont automatically buy other products from the same brand. (For example, most strongly-pleased iPhone customers didnt purchase Apple TV, even though its a sister product.) In some cases, the active need is because their existing solution is slowly killing them through what we call the
31、 “death of a thousand cuts.” They are feeling increasing pain with their existing solution and are looking for any compelling reason to move away. Of the three groups Ive mentioned so far, this is the only one who actually uses the product for more than experimentation. Unlike the other groups, the
32、folks in this groups successes and pain points are similar to what youll see with later groups. These are the folks to design for.) 新托福写作万能素材：科技变更我们的生活 How Does Technology Impact Your Daily Life? Over the last two decades, our lives have been slowly taken over by technology. Take a moment to look ar
33、ound you. How many screens do you see? Did you include the one youre reading this on? Our Wi-Fi-enabled gadgets have changed the way we work, play, and even raise our children. Todays offices would be unrecognizable to workers of the past thanks to the proliferation of emails, video conferencing, ta
34、blets, laptop computers, and other relatively recent innovations. Meanwhile, more and more of our personal time is influenced by our gadgets (OK, smart phones) with each passing day. . The novelty of constant online connections and instant communication may have begun to wear thin for older generati
35、ons, but the next wave of Americans have no such qualms. Their tech-dependent lifestyles are already causing huge changes in both the professional and private spheres. The change may be inevitableunless theWi-Fi cuts out, of course. Our Digitized Professional Lives As many as 79% of employees now “w
36、ork on virtual teams,” be it by email, online collaboration, messaging, video conferences, or some combination of any of the above. A 2022 Pew Research study found “94% of jobholders are Internet users.” This includes full-time, part-time, and freelance workers in technology companies, big corporati
37、ons, and small businesses, who work in cities, the suburbs, rural America, and everywhere in between. For most of the last century, communicating professionally meant writing letters, sending faxes, or spending hours on the phone. Not anymore. Email is now theprimary means of communication in the mo
38、dern workplace. We are communicating more, faster, and better than ever before. And employers have been reaping the benefits. A major report cited by British newspaper The Telegraph found that the incorporation of technology into the workplace has led to an “84% increase in productivity per hour for
39、 office workers since the 1970s.” The major influencers? Email, business software, and yes, even cell phones. Technology Gets Personal We dont leave technology at the workplace. In fact, our private lives might beeven more tech-enabled than our professional lives. In the 1980s and 1990s, our televis
40、ions were often the height of our home technology. Some people had clunky personal computers, a Nintendo for the kids, and maybe even a telephone in their car(remember those?). Information from the Census Bureau tells us that 15% of homes had a personal computer in 1989; by 2022 that number climbed
41、to 75%. Now we have desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, Apple watches, GPS-enabled cars, and more coming every day. Forget unplugging after the 5 or-6 oclock whistle blowswe plug in instead. In fact, going without tech might trigger an existential crisis for some (that sound you hear i
42、s Albert Camus rolling over in his grave). Our technology helps us learn,date, eat, socialize, and so much more. The only time we dont use technology is when we are exercising flying sleeping, well, dead. For now A New Generation of Digital Natives Anyone born before the advent of technology in thei
43、r daily lives is considered a“digital immigrant.” Older generations invented our tech-enabled society, but thegenerations born in this millennium are the first true “digital natives.” While the “digital rehab” programs older generations have begun using to push back against the all-consuming digital
44、 saturation are gaining traction, these programs may make as much sense to younger generations as getting up from the couch to change the channel on the TV. The genie is out of the bottle, and technology is said to have even changed the way younger generations perceive reality. Were assuming they pe
45、rceive reality as that thing happening just beyond the horizon of their laptop, tablet, or smartphone screen (as long as someone is tweeting about it). Although its easy to make fun of the next generations digital obsession, it will soon be impossible to ignore it. The digital natives are on pace to
46、 outnumber the digital immigrants before long. The Bottom Line Technology is now so integrated with our lives that going without it can causesevere anxiety for some. Its not hard to see why. Technology has taken over. Both our professional and personal lives are now technology dependent. While older
47、 generations are fighting back with unplugged retreats, the next wave of Americans cant picture their lives without tech. They might not have anything to worry about. The future favors these digital natives. 新托福写作素材：整合学校资源 Reorganize: Resources Resources of time, money, and facilities must be restru
48、ctured. The school day should allow for more in-depth project work beyond the 45-minute period, including block scheduling of classes two hours or longer. Schools should not close for a three-month summer vacation, but should remain open for student activities, teacher development, and community use. Through the practice of looping, elementary school teachers stay with a class for two or more years,deepening their relationships with students. More money in school di