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1、高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 1 页 共 13 页 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing 这种构成形式内
2、部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：(1).Such being the case,I couldnt help but support him.(2).Silver is the best conductor of electricity,copper following it closely.(3).Weather permitting,they decided to go for an outing.(4).There being no buses,we had to walk home after work yesterd
3、ay.(5).The thief fell to the ground,his left foot broken and blood running down from his mouth.(6).Time permitting,we could have done it better.(7).It being noisy,she couldnt make herself heard clearly.(8).It being too late,he couldnt find himself any taxis.(9).It being fine,we will go climbing.(10)
4、.The Greens has been broken into three times,each resulting in their great loss.(11)The thieves ran away separately,each carrying a bag.1._no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was 2._no bus,we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3._S
5、unday,the library doesnt open.高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 2 页 共 13 页 A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 4._Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：(1).His eyes still fixed on the map,he did some serious thinking.(2).The boy stood
6、at the table,his eyes fixed on the food in the plate.(3).The job finished,we went home straight away.(4).The sum added,we will have enough money for the trip.(5).The actress looked pure and fresh,dressed in a white shirt and army trousers,her hair done up in pigtails.1._,the train starteD.A.The sign
7、al given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2._,the train starteD.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._,the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being ex
8、plained new words D.Having explained new words 4._,the text became easier for us to learn.A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：(1).He entered the room,his nose red with colD.(2).He sat in the fr
9、ont row,his mouth half open.(3).Dinner over,we decided to play bridge.(4).Father away,he played games with his friends.高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 3 页 共 13 页 1._,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2._,the patient can lea
10、ve the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions 3._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C 5._,you can wait
11、 a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B 6._,so you can wait a while A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on 4、逻辑主语+介词短语 该结构相当于不带动词的“主系介词短语”结构。如：(1).-Can I help you?-Id like to buy a presend for
12、my fathers birthday,one at a proper price but of great value.(2).In half an hour Delia came,her right hand in bandage.(3).Book in hand,Mr Smith came in.(4).Gun on shoulder,the soldiers are marching on.1.The boy followed the nobleman here,_.A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand C.being a sword in h
13、and D.sword in hand 2.The boy followed the nobleman here _.A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 4 页 共 13 页 3.He left the office,_.A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
14、 4.He left the office _.A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in his eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes 5、逻辑主语+名词(1).A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians,most of them(being)women.独立主格结构,and most of them are women.并列句;most of them are women.并列句,most
15、 of whom are women.定语从句(2).The doctor has two daughters,one a nurse,the other an engineer.二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B 2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B
16、3)._,I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and C 4)._,we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C 2、时间状语 独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由 when,as soon as,after 等引导的时间状语从句。如：1)._,the train started.A.
17、The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 5 页 共 13 页 2)._,the text became easier for us to learn.A.New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above 3、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由 if 引导的条件状语从句。如：1)._,well g
18、o to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2)._,the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C 4、伴随状语 独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1).We have lessons every day,_.
19、A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2).The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap was on head D.all the above 3).Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above with+复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法 “w
20、ith+复合宾语”结构是指“with+宾语（名词或代词）+形容词或副词、非谓语动词（分词、不定式）等”所构成的一种介词短语。He likes to sleep with the door open.The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.With production up by 60%,The company has had another excellent year.The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.It was quie
21、t night,with the moon high up in the sky.The woman walked along the river with his head down.She said it with tears in her eyes.高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 6 页 共 13 页 He sat there thinking with his chin on his hand.With tears of joy in her eyes,she saw her daughter married.The soldier stood guard with a rifle
22、 in his hand.It being hot last summer,he slept with the windows open at night.She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.He died with his daughter yet a school girl.She stood there chatting with her friends,with her daughter playing beside her.He sat there alone,with
23、tears streaming down his cheeks.With the exams coming next week,I have no time for a social life.With other conditions being equal,the pressure remains constant.Without anyone noticing,he slipped out of the room.The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With his wallet stolen,M
24、r Hill dare not return home to face his wife.With all she needed bought,she left the supermarket happily.She listened to the music of Mozart With her face bathed in tears.I sat in my room for a few evenings,with my eyes glued to a book.You can use a large plastic bottle,with its top cut off,as a pot
25、 to grow young plants in.The hero walked towards the top of the hill,with his arms tied behind himself.He cant go to see the film with a lot of work to do.With you to lead us,our group is sure to succeed.With ten minutes to go,youd better hurry.该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部
26、动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：1、原因状语 1.With the man _ us ahead,we had no trouble finding the village.A.to guide B.guiding C.guided D.to have guide 2.With a lot of work_,she doesnt have time to rest.A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 7 页 共 13 页 3.With the
27、machine _all the time,we finished harvesting crops in time.A.to work B.worked C.working D.being working 2、时间状语 1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on 2.With our problem _,we all felt happy.A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled 3.Wit
28、h his work_,the secretary began to walk home.A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done 3、伴随状语 1.She left the offices with tears _.A.in her eyes B.in eyes C.being in eyes D.to be in eyes 2.The man found the door with both his eyes _.A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing 3.We felt uncomfortable w
29、ith two waitresses_.A.standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by 4.The murderer was brought in,with his hands_.A.to be tied behind B.tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind 5.You cant see well _.A.with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.wit
30、h the glasses 4、后置定语 1.Do you know the man _ a book in his hand?A.with B.having C.being D.A and B 2.Please offer your seat to the woman _ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above 分词、独立主格和“with+复合宾语”作状语的区别 分词结构、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的
31、动作执高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 8 页 共 13 页 行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1、原因状语 1._late,we had to walk home.A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy,they had no time to play.A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above 2、时间状语 1._ the students ho
32、mework,the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers,you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above 3、条件状语 1._ more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.A.If he is g
33、iven B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance,Ill do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above 4、伴随状语 1.Father came back,_ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the above 2.Father came back,_ by a monkey.A.and he was f
34、ollowed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above 二、独立主格结构和 with+复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：1._,well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting 2._,he finished playing the game of chess.高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第
35、9 页 共 13 页 A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes 3._,I couldnt get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing 三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如 when,if,as soon as,as,while 等）或并列连词（如and,but,or,s
36、o 等）。例如：1._,the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above 2._a rainy day,so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above 3.As_a little sick,he remained at the clini
37、c.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above 四、在使用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B 2._for the bus at the stop,he suddenly caught
38、sight of a thief.A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above 2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with+复合宾语结构或从句。如：1.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle
39、2._,the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 10 页 共 13 页 A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights 3._ the notice,he had an idea.A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 4._ the notice,an idea came to his mind.A.
40、When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 案 例探 究 1.()_,there is no school.A.It is Sunday B.It was Sunday C.It will be Sunday D.It being Sunday 2.()_,all the students ran out of the classroom.A.Class was over B.Class is over C.Class over D.When class over 3.()_,everything has ch
41、anged.A.Time goes on B.Time going on C.As time going on D.With time went on 4.()He was lying on the grass,his hands_ under his head.A.crossing B.crossed C.was crossing D.were crossed 5.()The storm_ their house,they had to live in a cave.A.destroyed B.destroying C.having destroyed D.being destroyed 6
42、.()He entered the room,_.A.his nose was red with cold B.and his nose red with cold C.his nose red with cold D.his nose been red with cold 7.()Here are the first two volumes,the third one_ next month.A.to come out B.coming out C.will come out D.having come out 8.()All things_,I think we ought to give
43、 the job to Mike.A.considering B.considered C.having considered D.are considered 9.()_,they will go and visit the zoo.A.Weather permitting B.Weather permitted C.Weather being permitted D.Weather having permitted 10.()The problem_,they all went home happily.A.settling B.to be settled C.settled D.to s
44、ettle 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 11 页 共 13 页 11.()A lot of work_,he had no time to talk with us.A.done B.to do C.doing D.to be doing 12.Everyone_ their seats,the meeting began.A.taken B.taking C.having taken D.to take 13.He stood there,his hands_ behind.A.tying B.tied C.were tying D.were tied 14._,Mother had
45、 to stay at home and looked after him.A.Being ill B.He was ill C.Tom being ill D.To be ill 独立主格结构链接:1.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.2007.山东卷 Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 2.The children w
46、ent home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.07.重庆 A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished 3.There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of _ are unknown to us.B and most of _ are unknown to us.D most of _being unknown to us.D A.who B.which C that D them 4.Anderson
47、entered the classroom,_ book in _ hanD.A./;his B./;/C.a;/D.a;the 5.He left,his sweetheart _ very lonely.A.felt B.feels C.has felt D.feeling 6.Mr.Black left for Beijing this morning,his secretary _ him there this Friday.A.would join B.joined C.joining D.to join 7._ at hand,he had to borrow some to bu
48、y his wife a present.A.There was no money B.There being no money 高考英语独立主格结构讲练与链接 第 12 页 共 13 页 C.Being no money D.Not been money 8.A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians,_.A.most of them women B.most of whom women C.and most of whom are women D.most them are women 9
49、.The final exam _,your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.A.drawing near B.draw near C.is drawing near D.is drew near 10.The thief was brought in,his hands _ behind his back.A.tying B.tied C.being tied D.having tied 11.So many students _ for the traffic jam,the exam had to be put
50、 off.A.were late B.been late C.has been late D.being late A.have been canceled B.had been canceled C.having been canceled D.being canceled 12.He wrote a lot of novels,many of _ translated into a foreign language.A.them B.which C.it D.what 13.We got near a garden,_ owner sitting in it.A.its B.whose C