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1、 1 定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where,when,why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)that which who whom whose when where why 主语 宾语 定语 表语 指人 who th
2、at whom that whose that 指物 which that which that whose that 注:关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法 1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes musi
3、c that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语)The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语)2.which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部
4、电影很好看。(作宾语)语 法 关 系 词 指 代 2 3.who,whom 用于指人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who 代替whom,也可省略。例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词
5、+which/whom”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that she
6、 lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that 的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one 等不定代词时,只能用 that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy
7、in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导
8、的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.关系代词在从句中做定语 The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me.Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher.I know the perso
9、n whose company produces computers.This is the person whose story surprised everybody.3 (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that,those 时,用 which,而不用that.例如:Whats that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用 which,而
10、不用that.例如:Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where 指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for schoo
11、l.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this 2.The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as 4.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.th
12、e one B.which C.who D.whom 6.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.that C./D.it 7.The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all 9.Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this 10
13、.This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./11.This is the only article of these that _ written by him.A.was B.were C.is D.are 12.The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A.whom B.who C./D.he 13.The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which live
14、s next door 4 C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door 14.Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who 15.The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.A.when B.where C.that D.at that 16.He is the most careful boy _ I know.A.w
15、hat B.which C.as D./17.This is the school _ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that B.when C.where D.there 18.Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A.where B.in that C.that D.which 19.The factory _ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when B.where C.that D.which 20.Do you still reme
16、mber the day _ we first met?A.that B.when C.what D.on that 21.October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which 22.October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which 23.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A.wh
17、ich B.where C.in which D.what 25.I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where 26.Have you seen the girl _?A.that I told B.I told you of C.whom I told D.I told of 28.Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.
18、which B.that C.what D.whatever 29.The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all.A.which B.that C.who D.what 30.I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where 32.The only question _ is to find our way home.A.that
19、mattered B.that matters C.which mattered D.matter 34.The farmers used wood to build a house _ grain can be stored.A.with which B.where C.in that D.which 1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom 2.Is this the river _I can swim？A.which B.in
20、which C.that D.the one 5 3.This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it 4.Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it 5.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.
21、who agrees D.which agree 6.My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who 7.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A.whos B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which；is B.whom；was C.who；is D.who；was 9.I love places _the people are rea
22、lly friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who 10.The world _ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in .用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom 填空。1.The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _we live in is very old.5.Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？6 Keys：1-5ACABA 6-10BCCAD 11-15CBDDB 16-20DCABB 21-25.BBADD 26-30.BDBBD 31-34ABDB 答案：CBCAC ABCCB That,which,which,who,whom.