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1、 2019 中考阅读理解冲刺训练 09 学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_ 阅读单选(科普知识题材)(一)Different weather makes people feel different.It influences health,intelligence(智力)and feelings.In August,it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States.People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during thi
2、s month.In the Northeast and the Middle West,it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence.For example,in a scientific report,IQ(智商)of a group of stud
3、ents was very high when a very strong wind came,but after the strong wind,their IQ was 10%below.The wind can help people have more intelligence.Very hot weather,on the other hand(另一方面),can make it lower.Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the y
4、ear(July and August).Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings.Winter may be a bad time for thin people.They usually feel cold during these months.They might feel unhappy during cold weather.But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer.At about 18,people become stronger.Low air pr
5、essure(气压)may make people forgetful People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days.There is a good weather for health.People feel best at a temperature of about I8.Are you feeling sad,tired,forgetful,or unhappy today?It may be the weathers problem.1What kind of weather can have a
6、bad effect(影响)on health?A Hot and wet weather.B Good weather.C Warm weather.D High intelligence.2When may people have more intelligence?A When a rain comes.B When very hot weather comes.C When a strong wind comes.D When low air pressure comes.3How may low air pressure make people feel?A Forgetful.B
7、Sad.C Angry.D Tired.4What will happen to people in good weather of I8?A People are very forgetful.B People cant do their work well.C Thin people feel cold.D People are in better health.5What does the writer want to tell us?A Hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way.B Weather influe
8、nces peoples lives.C IQ never changes during weather changes.D There is a good kind of weather for peoples work and health.(二)You must think a computer is the best thing in the world,right?You must think it works at a super speed and can do everything?Well,its not!In fact,the brain is much more powe
9、rful than any super computer!Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table.Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling.First your eyes check out whats going on,then tell your brain,and your brain decides how quickly you need to react(反应),and then
10、 your muscles(肌肉)go into action.That is just from your brain.No computer could ever come close to that!The brain weighs just 3 pounds,but it controls everything you do from thinking,learning,feeling even to breathing and your heart beating.Even though the brain is just 2%of your body weight,it uses
11、around 20%of all your energy in your body.That is a lot for such a small organ(器官).There are about 100 billion tiny,tiny little cells(细胞)in your brain.There are so many that it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all!Your brain stops growing when youre 18,but it actually keeps on developin
12、g and learning new things.So your parents are really super smart!You wont be able to fool them!Believe it or not,your brain NEVER stops working.Even during sleeping,the brain works for long-term memory establishment(建立).It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that
13、never stops during human lives.So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature.6In Paragraph 1,the writer wants to tell us.A eyes and muscles react quickly B the brain controls everything in your body C the computer is the best thing in the world D the brain is more powerful than any computer 7
14、In Paragraph 2,the underlined word“That”refers to(指的是).A the body weight B 2%of the body weight C all energy in the body D around 20%of the energy in the body 8Which is RIGHT according to the passage?A The brain doesnt work during sleeping B The brain is the only organ that never stops C The brain k
15、eeps growing during human lives D The brain keeps on developing during human lives 9Which word can best describe the brain according to the passage?A Magic B Quick C Light D Developing 10In which magazine can the passage be found most probably?A Business Weekly B Medicine C Science D Sports (三)Have
16、you ever had a nightmare(噩梦)?Almost everyone has one once in a while.A nightmare is a bad dream,which may make you feel scared,anxious,or upset,but nightmares are not real and cant harm you.While you are sleeping,your brain just doesnt stop working.Although it is normal to have nightmares once in a
17、while,there are some ways you can try to he get them under control.Get into a health sleeping habit.Try to go to bed and wake up at fixed time every day.Unless youre sick or didnt get enough sleep the night before,avoid naps during the day.Avoid eating or exercising too much just before bedtime.Avoi
18、d scary books or movies before bedtime,or they might cause nightmares.Sleep with a toy or your favorite blanket(毯子).This helps you feel safe.Use a nightlight.With a nightlight,if you wake up from the nightmare,you will be able to see familiar things and remember where you are.Keep your door open.Thi
19、s will help you remember that your family are near to you.If you are scared,get up and take comfort from one of them.You are never too old to hug them.Most of the time,nightmares are not big problems.You can tell your bad dreams to an adult you trust.Whats more,Just talking about what happened might
20、 make you feel better.If something has troubled you during the day,discussing those feelings might also help.You should learn how to get a good sleep,which is very important for health.11What can we learn from Paragraph One?A Nightmares can make us feel scared B Only a few people have nightmares C N
21、ightmares are not real but can harm us D Our brains stop working while we are sleeping.12Which is NOT true about a healthy sleeping habit?A Enjoy long naps during the day B Avoid scary books or movies before bedtime.C Dont eat or exercise too much before bedtime.D Go to bed and wake up at fixed time
22、 every day 13Why is a nightlight useful?A Because it can help people feel safe B Because it can help people avoid a nightmare.C Because it can help people remember where you are.D Because it can help people find the way to others rooms.14If you are scared after a nightmare,you can_ according to the
23、text?A get up and eat some food B get up and hug your family C take a shower and continue sleeping D talk with a stranger about the dream.15What is the best title for the text?A What are nightmares?B How to keep healthy C How to deal with nightmares D Why are nightmares harmful?(四)Height is just one
24、 of the features your genes(基因)decide.In fact,because you have two parents,your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent.If both your parents are tall,then most probably you will be tall,too.But if you have questions about how tall youre going to be,a
25、sk your doctor if he or she can help you find them out.But genes dont decide everything.For example,eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential(潜力).Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the expected height.Its natural that youre wondering how
26、 fast you should grow.Theres no perfect or right answer.Generally speaking,kids grow about 6 cm a year between age 3 and the time when they start puberty.Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years.2 cm here and 3 cm there make a little difference to the height youre at now.H
27、ow have you been growing up to this height?What other changes may your body be going through?Dont be amazed if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time.Everyone has a growth spurt(高峰)during puberty.The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys.But it can be earlie
28、r or later between 7 and 13 for girls and 9 and 15 for boys.You11 usually begin to notice that youre growing faster about a year after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.16If you want to know how tall you should grow,_.A you should have enough exercise B you can ask doctors for he
29、lp C you should take some special medicine D you can record your growth during puberty 17The Chinese for the word“puberty”is _.A 童年时期 B 婴幼儿时期 C 习惯养成期 D 生长发育期 18This passage is mainly about _.A how you look like your parents B how you grow to a certain height C how the genes work in your body D how y
30、our parents height influence you 19After reading this passage,we can explain _.A what healthy diet is B how good it is to be a doctor C how much sleep time we need D why genes cant decide everything 20Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Your height most probably depends on how tall your parents
31、are.B Girls age for starting puberty is usually earlier than that for boys C You may be amazed sometimes when you grow too fast.D The features showing the first changes of puberty between boys and girls are different.(五)Science is proving what pet owners have long believed:Dogs understand what were
32、feeling.Especially,dogs can recognize(识别)the difference between a happy and an angry human face,a study published Thursday in Current Biology suggests.Its the first research to show that dogs are sensitive(敏感)to our facial expressions,says the author Ludwig Huber at the University of Veterinary Medi
33、cine,Vienna.In the Austrian study,20 different kinds of pet dogs were taught to play a computer game through a series of exercises.In the first step,the dogs were shown two touch screens,one with a circle and one with a square.Through the exercises,they learned that a treat would appear if they chos
34、e the right one.Eleven of the 20 dogs were able to catch on to rules of the game and make it to the next test,where they were shown photos of happy and angry faces.The dogs were rewarded if they picked certain expression correctly.During the test,the dogs were shown only the upper half or the lower
35、half of a face.It was easier to teach the dogs to choose a happy expression than an angry one,suggesting the dogs do indeed understand the meaning behind the expression,Huber says.As a test,the dogs were then presented with:the same half of the faces they saw during the training,but from different p
36、eople，the other half of the faces used in training，the other half of new faces，the left half of the faces used in training.In the cases,the dogs chose the right answer 70 to 100 percent of the time.Dogs who had been trained to recognize an expression of anger or happiness on the upper part of a face
37、 could find the same expression when shown only the lower part.Huber says,The only possible explanation is that they recall from memory of everyday life how a whole human face looks when happy or angry.Dog owners know their pets not only recognize emotions but also understand the feelings.21The pass
38、age may come from .A a news report B a science magazine C a pets guide D a history book 22How many dogs in the research could understand the rules of the game?A 11 B 20 C 70 D 100 23During the test,the dogs were presented with the following faces .the other half of some new faces the right half of t
39、he faces used in training the other half of the faces used in training the same half of the faces they saw but from different people A B C D 24Why was it easier to teach the dogs to choose a happy expression than an angry one?A Because dogs wanted to make a happy expression.B Because dogs were rewar
40、ded for picking a happy expression.C Because dogs saw a happy expression more often from their owners.D Because dogs indeed didnt understand the meaning behind the expressions.25What can we learn from the passage?A Dog owners know if their pets are happy.B Dog owners know how to train their dogs.C D
41、ogs can make different facial expressions.D Dogs can understand their owners feelings.(六)When an animal helps another animal,it usually gets something valuable in return For a long time,many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it felt good.However,a new study in Ger
42、many suggests that chimpanzees(an animal like a large monkey without a tail)also do good things for.no real reason And so do children who are as young as 18 months old.Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor about 6 million years ago,People and chimpanzees appear to develop such
43、 features without any othertraining,says Warneken,a scientist in Germany.Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany.The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimp
44、anzees and two experiments on the kids.In the first animal experiment,a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick,but he couldnt reach it.A chimpanzee was in the cage,and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one,and no chi
45、mpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done.Even though the animals hadnt met the person before,they usually took the stick and gave it to the person Whats more,they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward.In a similar experiment,36 children acted in a similar way.The
46、y helped the person reach the stick,whether or not they were offered toys for their help.Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies.No rewards were offered in either experiment.And still,both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help.Still,the new study is different
47、 from earlier findings.Researchers have found that chimpanzees dont give rewards of food to other chimpanzees,even if it costs them nothing to be generous.26A new study in Germany suggests that _.A people also share information for good reasons B children know something at the age of 18 months C chi
48、mpanzees also do good things for no real reason D humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago 27Warneken and his partners worked with _ .A young chimpanzees that live on an island B 18-month-old children who live in Germany C kids who are living with adult chimpanzees D adult chimpanze
49、es that live on the African mountain 28Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A The animals hadnt met the person before the experiments.B No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done.C The chimpanzees gave the person the stick in order to get a reward.D Thirty-six chimp
50、anzees joined in this experiment one by one.29In a similar experiment,thirty-six children helped the person reach the stick A If they were offered toys for their work B when they were asked to give him a hand C after they were ordered to act in a similar way D whether they were given toys for their