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1、第三章 冠词和数词 冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a,an）和定冠词（the）两种。a 和 an 的基本含义是“一，一个”，表示泛指，不强调数目，只表示名词不是特定的；the 的基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义 数词可分为基数词（Cardinal Numbers）和序数词（Ordinal Numbers）两种。前者表示数量，后者表示顺序。高考重点要求：一、冠词 1、不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词
2、的基本用法 2、不定冠词和定冠词的位置 3、冠词常见的习惯搭配用法 二、数词 1、掌握基数词、序数词构成 2、掌握基数词、序数词的基本用法 3、基数词、序数词在表示倍数、百分数、年、月、日等的基本用法 第一节 知识点概述 一、冠词（一）不定冠词 不定冠词用 a 还是 an 由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音开头的词前用 an，以辅音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用 a。例如：辅音字母或半元音开头：a tree,a university,a house,a European country,a one-eyed man 元音或半元音开头：an apple,an umbrella,an hou
3、r,an elephant,an opera 值得注意的是：1如果不定冠词后面第一个词以辅音音素开头就用 a。例如 university,useless,useful,unit,uniform;以元音音素开头用 an.例如:an uncle,an apple。2如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的 h 开头，而 h 后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用 an。例如 hour,honest。3如果不定冠词和名词之间有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如 a rich uncle,a beautiful actress。不定冠词的用法如下：1用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物
4、，如：A dictionary is a useful book.An underground train can start and stop quickly.2说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：This is a book.He used to be an engineer.3泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：A boy is waiting for me.Give me a pen,please.4表示数量，有“一”的意思，如：Behind the house there is a garden.once a week.5用于某些固定词组中，如：a few,a little,a
5、lot of,a number of,just a minute,in a hurry,for a while,for a long time,a cup of,a bottle of,have a rest,have a talk,have a fever,have a good time,have(take)a walk,have a toothache,take a bath,give a lesson （二）定冠词 定冠词的用法如下：1指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the door,please.Go and close the window.2特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如
6、：The girl in red is my sister.The man over there is our English teacher.The book on the desk is mine.3指前面提到过的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a modern car factory.My father works in the factory.4用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及在方位词前。如：The Nile is the longest river in the world.He won the first prize.The sun rises in the
7、 east.5用在某些名词化的形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物，如：the rich,the sick,the new,the false,the wounded 6用在某些专用名词前，如：the Great Wall the Peoples Republic of China the United Nations the Netherlands 7在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：the North China Plain the Rocky Mountains the Yangtse River 8在一些用语中，如：in the morning(/afternoon/ev
8、ening),in the day,by the way,on the whole,the next morning,all the year around,the other day,at the same time （三）不用冠词的情况 1在不含普通名词或某些专有名词如表示人名,地名，机构等 China,Beihai Park 2名词前面已有用作定语的 this,that,my,your,some,any 等代词前，如：The letter is from my father.I have a book in my hand.3在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：Horses are use
9、ful animals.I like cakes.4在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前。如：Today is Sunday.Spring is the best season in the year.Childrens Day 5在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：go to school,be in hospital,be in prison 6一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:I like to play basketball.We have lunch at school.二、数 词（一）数词的词形 （1）在 1-12 中，1-12 为基数词中的数词；序数词 1-3 为特殊变化，序数词 4-12
10、在基数词词尾加-th。注意 fifth(第五)；ninth(第九)和 twelfth(第十二)的特殊拼写。（2）在 13-19 中，13-19 基数词在数词 3-9 后加-teen 构成。其中 13 和 15 发生拼写变化：thirteen 和 fifteen，相应序数词在基数词后加-th 构成。13-19 岁的少年用 teens(in ones teens 在某人十多岁时)。（3）在 20-90 整十位数，在基数词 2-9 之后加-ty 构成。其中 20、30、40、50 拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾 y 变 i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用 twenty 等的复数 twenti
11、es(in ones twenties 在某人二十多岁时)。（4）两位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five;第九十九 ninety-ninth.（5）100 以上数词,整百位数由 1-9 加 hundred 构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由 1-9 加 thousand 构成，序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须加 and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词
12、。（二）使用基数词的情况 （1）念数(o 念作/o/或 zero)（2）电话号码（）（3）事物表示编号顺序(名词在前，如：Room 303;World War Two)（4）货币(100 dollars)（5）度量(50 kilos)（6）小数 meters)（三）使用序数词的情况 （1）第几（2）月份后的号(August 5th)（3）事物表示顺序(名词在后，如：the fiftieth page;the Second World War)（四）分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法 类别 说明 例词或例句 分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母的序数词用复数。1/2 读作
13、 a(one)half 1/3 读作 a(one)third 1/4 读作 a(one)quarter 或 a(one)fourth 4/5 读作 four fifths 4 2/3 读作 four and two thirds Two thirds of the earth surface is covered by water.（地球表面的三分之二覆盖着水）小数 小数点读作 point。小数点后面各数都按个位基数词读；小数点前面仍按基数词读。零读作 o 或 zero.读作 zero point seven 读作 twenty-five point two five 百分比 百分比由基数词+
14、percent 组成（%）2%读作 two percent 44%读作 forty-four percent 100%读作 one hundred percent More than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass.百分之二十五以上的地面被草覆盖着。倍数(1)倍数+as+形(副)原级+as(2)倍 数+形(副)比 较 级+than(3)倍数+the size(length,height,width,etc.)+of(表示大小或数量的名词)This room is three times as large
15、 as that one.This room is two times larger than that one.This room is three times the size of that one.注意：上述三个结构的意义是相同的。汉译表达：这间房是那间房的三倍大。加、减、乘、除四则运算 用基数词表示 加号用 plus/and 减号用 minus 乘号用 times 除号用 divided by 9+8=17，读作 Nine plus(and)eight is seventeen.11-5=6，读作 Eleven minus five is six.65=30，读作 Six times
16、 five is thirty.357=5，读作 Thirty-five divided by seven is five.第二节 实战演练 一、复 习 时 需 注 意 的 要 点 1、如两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。例如：My grandpa raises a black and a white dog.我爷爷养了一只黑狗和一只白狗。The black and the white dogs are his.这只黑狗和白狗都是他的。2、如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。例如：My grandpa raises a black and white dog.他养了一只黑白花狗。3、sever
17、al 或基数词修饰 hundred,thousand,million 表示计数时,一般不用复数形式.例如:several hundred students watched the match.4、dozens of,scores of,hundreds of,millions of,tens of thousands of,hundreds of thousands of,tens of millions of 等结构可用来表示不确定的数量.例如：Hundreds of thousands of people are going to watch the fireworks in the Ce
18、ntral Park.She bought dozens of eggs last week.二、历 届 高 考 试 题 分 析 例 1、I earn 10 dollars_ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A.a.an B.the.a C.an.a D.an.the 答案为 C。【解析】hour 以元音开头，前面加不定冠词 an，an hour“每小时”；a 表示“一个”，放在 supermarket cashier 前面表示类指，说明属哪类人。译文：星期六我作为超市出纳员每小时挣 10 美元。a/an 的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前
19、用 an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用 a。例 2、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.the C.a D.one 答案为 C。【解析】knowledge 是不可数名词，当被某些修饰语修饰时，前面要加不定冠词，如：He has a very good knowledge of English.他在英语方面有丰富的知识。例 3、Alexander Graham Bell invented _telephone in 1876.A./B.
20、a C.the D.one 答案为 C 。【解析】the+可数名词单数表示一类泛指。例 4、The cakes are delicious.Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A.aa B.thethe C.athe D.thea 答案为 C。【解析】注意序数词前面的冠词的用法：当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词 the；表示再来一次使用不定冠词 a(an)。从句子的意思可知，third one 表示再吃一个，所以填 a；second one 表示所吃的第二个，所以填 the。这句话的意思是：蛋糕很
21、好吃。他想再吃一个，因为他吃的第二个太小了。例 5、A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _leg.A.a B.one C.the D.his 答案为 C。【解析】伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介词+the+部分。译文：子弹击中了战士，他的腿受了伤。例 6、_people in the world are sending information by email every day.A.Several million B.Many million C.Several mi
22、llions D.Many million 答案为 A。【解析】在 million，hundred 等前如果有具体数字或 several 等词时，要用单数形式。many 一般不与 million 等词连用。在表示不确切数目时用复数，例如：表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。译文：每天，世界上有百十万人通过 email 传递信息。例 7、_ of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth.is B.Two fifth.are C.Two fifths.is D.Two fifths.are
23、答案为 C。【解析】分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于 1，序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land 是单数，所以谓语动词要用 is covered。例 8、Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.A.the three times weight of B.three times the weight of C.as three times heavy as D.three times as heavier as 答案为 B。【解
24、析】表示倍数的词数放在 the weight of 前，意思是“重量的几倍”。例 9、An accident happened at_ crossroads a few metres away from_ bank.A.aa B./a C./the D.the/答案为 A。【解析】at a crossroads 表示“在十字路口”，crossroads“十字路口”是复数形式单数用法；bank 是可数名词，不能单独使用(要加冠词或复数)，又非特指，不能用 the。此处是泛指，前面要用不定冠词 a。例 10、Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinn
25、er A、askeddozen B、suggesteddozens of C、haddozen D、persuadeddozens of 答案为 A。【解析】“dozen+复数名词”前除了用具体数词修饰外，还可以用 several,many 修饰，如 several dozen people,many dozen students 等，dozen 不加 s。第三节 巩固练习 1.It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train.A.ana B.aan C.an/D.a/2.They had _wonderful train r
26、ide to Chengdu before they went on to _Mount Emei by bus.A.athe B./the C.a/D.thea 3.For a long time they walked without saying _ word.Jim was the first to break _ silence.A.the.a B.a.the C.a./D.the./4.By the way,have you got _ E-mail address Oh,yes,its cthsc .A.the B.an C.a D./5._ book on the desk i
27、s _ useful one.A.The.an .a C.The.a D.The./6 My good friend Liqing studies at _ Middle School.A.18 B.the 18 C.18th No.D.7.What date is it Its _.A.the April thirteenth B.the thirteenth of April C.thirteenth April D.April thirteen 8.His uncle has lived at _ for ten years.A.No.103 Xinhua Street B.103 Xi
28、nhua Street C.Xinhua Street 103 D.Xinhua Street 9.Please wait here.Ill be back in _ hours.A.two and half a B.two and a half C.half and two D.two a half.10.When you come here for your holiday next time,dont go to _ hotel.I can find you _ bed in my flat.A.the.a B.the./C.a.the D.a./11.China is _ larger
29、 than the United States.A.one six B.one sixth C.one sixes D.a sixths _ died of cold last winter.A.hundreds old people B.hundreds old peoples C.hundred old people D.hundred old peoples 13.999 reads nine hundred _.A.and ninety ninth B.and ninety-nine C.ninety and nine D.and nine nine teacher told us t
30、o write a _ composition.A.two-thousand-word B.two-thousand-words C.two thousands words D.two-thousands-word is _ tallest in their class.A.three B.the three C.third D.the third 16.Would you like to try _ time A.two B.second C.a two D.a second 17.When spring comes,_ trees are planted in our city.A.mil
31、lions of B.a million of C.two millions D.million of 18.The number of the girls in our school _ more than six _.A.are.hundreds B.is.hundred C.are.hundred D.is.hundred 19._ is a happy time for _.A.Chinese New Yearchildren B.The Chinese New Yearchildren C.Chinese New Yearthe children D.The Chinese New
32、Yearthe children 20.In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A.a 1870 B.the 1870 C.the 1870s D.his 1870 21.Most English people have _ names:_ name,a middle name and the family name.A.three.first B.three.a first C.the three.the first D.the third.one first 22._ of the worlds books and newspapers are written i
33、n English.A.Three quarter B.Three of quarters C.Third fourths D.Three fourths were going to learn the _ lesson.A.twenty B.20 C.twentieth D.twentyth 24.How deep is the hole It is _.A.four metre deep B.four metres deep C.four-metre deep D.four-metres-deep 25._ books must be produced for the children.A
34、.Many thousands B.Many thousands of C.Many thousand of D.Many thousand are _ days in June and _ day is Childrens Day.A.thirteen,first B.thirty.the second C.thirty.the first D.thirteen.the first 27.When you finish reading the book,you will have _ better understanding of _life.A.a.the B.the.a C./.the
35、D.a./28.I heard that as many as 4,000 people were killed in Horror Attack.Yes,_ news came as _ shock to us.A.the.the B.the.a C././D./.a 29._ _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A.The./B.The.a C.An.the D.An./30.I spoke
36、 to younger Mr.Hamilton,not Hamilton manager.A./the B.the/C.thethe D./31.Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side.A.a.the B.a.a C.the.a D.the.the 32.Where is my blue shirt Its in the washing machine.You have to wear _different one.A.any B.the C.a D.other 33.I dont like talking on _ telephone,I pre
37、fer writing _letters.A.a.the B.the./C.the.the D.a./34.Mr.Smith,theres a man at _ front door who says he has _news for you of great importance.A.the/B.the.the C./D./the 35.Summers in _south of France are for _most part dry and sunny.A./a B.the/C./D.the.the 36.He got hurt in a traffic accident _ other
38、 day.Now he has been in _ hospital for a week.A.the,/B.the,the C./,/D./,the 37.Mark wished for _ rest after having _ hard time at school.A.aa B.thethe C.athe D.a/38._school usually begins in _September,when the weather is still warm.A./B.The/C.Thethe D.A/39.We stood at the top of the mountain _ east
39、 of the city,watching _ burning sun rising.A./a B.thea C.thethe D./the 40.Put _ waste bag in the dustbin.Its not _ waste bag.Its my shopping bag.A.a a B.thethe C.thea D.a the 41.His car suddenly got burnt in _crossroads a few metres away from _ grocery.A./the B.aa C.the a D.a one 42.What do you thin
40、k of the director of the film Oh,he is _ director who is pleasant to work with.Its _ pleasure to work with him.A.thethe B.aa C.athe D.the/43.The family was in _ difficult situation.When her father was in _ poor health.A.aa B.a/C.the/D./44.Wheres _ nearest bookstore Theres one of _ end of the street.
41、A.thean B.athe C.thethe D.aan 45.In China,_ bicycle is _ popular means of transportation.A.thea B.a/C.thethe D.athe 46.He said he couldnt see clearly _ number of the car among _ number of cars.A.thethe B.aa C.thea D.athe 47.I assure you that you can have _ good time in _ space.It must be your _ best
42、 choice.A./thethe B.a/C./the D.athe/48.The policeman stood in _ front of _ robber and hit him on _ nose.A.theahis B./his C./thethe D.thethethe 49._ Christmas for westerners is like _ Spring Festival for us Chinese.A.Thethe B.The/C./the D./50.Shanghai is _ most beautiful city and all of us are sure t
43、he 2010 World Expo will be _ great success.A.thea B.aa C.athe D.thethe 第三章 冠词和数词 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.B 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.A 38.A 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.B 43.B 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.B 48.C 49.C 50.B