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1、 1 通用版高考英语一轮复习第 1 部分基础知识解读Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars教师用书新人教版必修 3 .写作单词会拼写 1system n 系统；体系；制度 2theory n.学说；理论 3crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落 4pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 5float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n.漂浮物 6violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violence n.暴力 violently adv.猛烈地 7like prep.像 unlike prep.不同；不像 dislike vt.&n.不喜欢 8h
2、arm n.害处 vt.对有害 harmful adj.有害的 9exist vi.存在；生存 existence n.存在 10puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 11gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 gently adv.温柔地；温和地.阅读单词要识记 2 12astronomy n 天文学 13atmosphere n.大气层；气氛 14fundamental adj.基本的；基础的 15chain n.链子；连锁；锁链 16gravity n.万有引力；重力 17satellit
3、e n.卫星；人造卫星 高频短语会默写 1in time 及时；终于 2be harmful to/do harm to 对有害 3in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 4prevent.from 阻止；制止 5cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 6now that 既然 7break out 突发；爆发 8watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 9lay eggs 下蛋 10give birth to 产生；分娩 11block out 挡住(光线)教材原句会背诵 句式仿写能应用 1.The earth became so violent that it was not cl
4、ear whether the shape would last or not.(whether.or not 是否)1.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。Its not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(make it adj.to do sth.)2.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。The
5、 girl knows three foreign languages，which makes it easier for her to find a good job.3.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as 3.新技术被引进后，这个工厂 2016 年生产的机器的数量是去年的两倍。3 on the earth and fell over.(“倍数as形容词/副词原级as”倍数表达法)After the new technique was introduced，the factory pro
6、duced twice as many machines in 2016 as last year.精讲 4 个考纲单词 harmful adj.有害的 高考佳句 Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.(2015 年江苏高考阅读理解 B)生产过程中产生的许多废料也是有害的。(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2)do/cause harm to sb.do/cause sb.harm 对某人有害(3)There is no harm in doing sth.It do
7、es no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处 Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。If you want to solve the problem in this way，there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。链接写作 一句多译 众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。What is know
8、n to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health(harmful)It is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health(harm)exist vi.存在；生存 高考佳句 If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.(2016 年全国乙卷阅读理解)如果不是因为 Rachel Carson，今天的环保运动就可能不存在。(1)exist/l
9、ive on sth.靠某物生存 exist in 存在于 There exist(s).有/存在 4(2)in existence 现存的；现有的 come into existence 产生；存在 You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)关于一开始宇宙是如何产生
10、的，科学家们有多种理论。puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 教材原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)a puzzle 一件(让人感到)困惑的事情 be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑
11、的 be puzzled about 对迷惑不解 What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我百思不解的是他为什么没有告诉任何人就离开了这个国家。Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)她困惑的表情
12、暗示了她对那个令人困惑的数学问题迷惑不解。【导学号：30892074】pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 高考佳句 On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry potter，as a surprise for her niece.(2016 年四川高考完形填空)在一次家庭汽车旅行中，她(Lainey)的姑妈 Dede 拿出一本哈利波特，作为令她侄女惊奇的东西。pull down 拆毁；摧毁 pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出 pull through 康复；痊愈 5
13、 pull up (使)停住 Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial；people are still looking for other possible solutions.这个区域的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议；人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。Everyone was very concerned whether he would pu
14、ll through or not.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。链接写作 句式升级 The train has pulled in(已进站停靠)and the passengers are boarding it now.The train having pulled in，the passengers are boarding it now.(独立主格结构)诠释 3 个核心短语 in time 及时；终于；迟早 高考佳句 As a proverb goes“Where there is a will，there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off in ti
15、me.(2014 年山东高考书面表达)常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(1)in no time 立刻；马上 at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间 Well have that leak fixed in no time.我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。At no time did they actually break
16、the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013 年辽宁高考单项填空)他们确实没有违反比赛规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。At the same time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015 年天津高考书面表达)同时，我们将为你们的中文班带去大约 500 本图书。6 in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 经典例句 Thus they have，in their turn，become the most im
17、portant animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。(1)in turn 依次；轮流；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地(2)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。I think its my turn to drive(drive)the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我
18、开车送孩子们上学了。链接写作 句式升级 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this in turn creates more problems(反过来造成更多的问题)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems(定语从句)【导学号：30892075】cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
19、 经典例句 I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！(1)cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来 cheer sb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯！When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。Lets go to the footbal
20、l game and cheer for our favorite team.咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。突破 2 个高考句型 (教材 P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。7“make it adj./n.to do sth.”中，it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。“find/think/feel/consideritadj./n.to do sth.”it 为形式宾语，动词不定式
21、为真正的宾语。People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。They made itclear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。链接写作 一句多译 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology makes it possible for
22、 us to use the Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively(从句作宾语)(教材 P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twic
23、e as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常见的倍数表达法：Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as B Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级than B Abe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of B A倍数what 从句，表示“A 是的多少倍”The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.The red ruler is three times longer(long)than the yellow one.The red ruler is three times the l
24、ength of the yellow one.这个红尺子是这个黄尺子的三倍长。Jessica devoted twice more energy and time than she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。【导学号：30892076】多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型 基础考点全面练 8.单句语法填空 1 We live in a (globe)village，but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the sam
25、e way.2It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe in yourself.3During those four years，he worked day and night，thus (improve)his theory gradually until it was complete.4I could feel the wind (gentle)blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.5The two girls are so alike
26、 that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.【答案】1.global 2.what 3.improving 4.gently 5.it.单句改错 1There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.2Youll succeed on time because you are always working hard.【导学号：30892077】3(2015天津高考单项填空改编)The bos
27、s of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.4The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing.5We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.【答 案】1.manymuch 2.onin 3.thatwhere 4.puzzlingpuzzled 5.happenedhappenin
28、g 重难考点多维练 1exist(1)单句语法填空 As is known to us，China came into (exist)as an independent country in 1949.There a good way to solve the problem in geography.(exist)9 You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing the money he is earning.(2)高考小作文 在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。The parking place for bikes
29、in our school.【答案】existence exists；existing on was an existing problem for a long time 2倍数表达法(1)单句改错 This big stone is three times as heavier as that one.There are four times many books in our library than in yours.(2)一句多译 正在为下一届亚运会建设的新体育场是现在的三倍大。The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games
30、will be three times the present one.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times the present one.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times the present one.【导学号：30892078】【答案】heavierheavy manymore as big as；bigger than；the size of .课文语法填空 根据 P
31、2526课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”.Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was so 2.(violence)and exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time 3.(produce)many things，which made the earths atmosphe
32、re.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.(harm)gases.Then life 10 began to develop.Many millions of years later，small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.(fill)the oceans and seas with oxygen.Land 6.(animal)followed after the first green plants appea
33、red.Then small clever animals spread all 7.the earth.Humans developed new means of growing,hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth.Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8.(escape)from the earth into space.As 9.result,the proble
34、m of global warming occurs.10.life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.【答案】1.whose 2.violent 3.to produce 4.harmful 5.filled 6.animals 7.over 8.escaping 9.a 10.Whether.高考话题微写作 根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文。1据报道今年我们发生火灾的次数是去年的 3 倍。(three
35、times as many fires as.)2上个星期六，光明路上的一家百货商场发生大火。(break out)3路上有那么多车辆和人以至于消防人员不能通过，消防车很难靠近现场。(get through；get close to)4依靠他们丰富的经验，消防人员最终阻止了火灾的蔓延。(depend on；prevent.from)5显而易见我们是否能阻止火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。(a sense of safety)【参考范文】It is reported that we have had three times as many fires as last year.Last Satur
36、day，a big fire broke out in a department store in Guangming Road.There were so many people and cars in the street that firefighters couldnt get through，which made it difficult for the fire trucks to get close to the scene.Depending on their rich experience，the firemen prevented the fire from spreading eventually.It is