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1、第 1 页 共 6 页 祈使句和反意疑问句的基本结构和用法 一、考点回顾 1.祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加 do（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如：Take this seat.坐这儿。Do be careful.务必小心。否定结构：例如：Dont move.不准动。Dont be late.不要迟到。2）第二种祈使句以 let 开头。Let 的反意疑问句：a.Lets 包括说话者。例如：Lets have another try,shall we/shant we?=Shall we have anot
2、her try?我们再试一次，如何？b.Let us 不包括说话者。例如：Let us have another try，will you/wont you?=Will you please let us have another try?你让我们再试一次，好吗？否定结构：例如：Lets not talk of that matter.不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter.你不要让我们谈这件事 3）常考句型 祈使句+and/or/otherwise+将来时 Study hard and youll succeed 2.反意疑问句 1）陈述部分的主语是 I，
3、疑问部分要用 arent I。例如：Im as tall as your sister,arent I?我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2）陈述部分的谓语是 wish，疑问部分要用 may+主语。例如：I wish to have a word with you,may I?我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：Some plants never blown（开花）,do they?有些植物从不开花，对吗？4）含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈
4、述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用 shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。例如：He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有 have to+v.（had to+v.），疑问部分常用 dont+主语（didnt+主语）。例如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow,dont we?我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didnt+主语或 usednt+主语。例如：He used to take pictures
5、there,didnt he?/usednt he?他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有 had better+v.疑问句部分用 hadnt you?例如：第 2 页 共 6 页 Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有 would rather+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语。例如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有 Youd like to+v.疑问部分用 would
6、nt+主语。例如：Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?你想和我们一块去，对吗？10）陈述部分有 must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如：He must be a doctor,isnt he?他肯定是医生，是吗？You must have studied English for three years,havent you?/didnt you?你一定读过三年英语，对吗？He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11）感叹句中，疑问部分用 be+主语。例如：What c
7、olors,arent they?多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12）陈述部分由 neither nor,either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。例如：Everything is ready,isnt it?一切就绪，是吗？14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr.Smit
8、h had been to Beijing for several times,he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：He said he wanted to visit Japan,didnt he?他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？c.陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：I
9、 dont think he is bright,is he?我认为他并不聪明，是吗？We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15）陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 等，疑问部分常用复数 they，有时也用单数 he。例如：Everyone knows the answer,dont they?（does he?）人人都知道答案，是这样吧？Nobody knows about it,do they?（does he?）没人知道这件事，是吧？16）带情态动
10、词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need（dare）+主语。例如：We need not do it again,need we?我们不必重做一遍，是吗？He dare not say so,dare he?他不敢这样说，是吗？当 dare,need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do+主语。例如：She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?她不敢独自回家，是吗？17）省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you。例如：Dont do that again,will you?别再这样做，好吗？第 3 页 共 6 页
11、 Go with me,will you/wont you?跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you?例如：Lets go and listen to the music,shall we?一起去听音乐，好吗？Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？18）陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。例如：There is something wrong with your watch,isnt ther
12、e?你的表有问题，对不对？There will not be any trouble,will there?不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19）否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：It is impossible,isnt it?这不可能，是吗？He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20）must 在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：He must be there now,isnt he?他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？It must be going to rain tomorrow,wont it?明
13、天肯定要下雨，是吗？二、经典例题剖析 1.（2007 北京卷）When youve finished with that book,dont forget to put it back one the shelf,_?A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.wont you 解析：当你读完这本书，别忘了把他放回书架上，好吗？省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you。答案：C 点评：本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法。2.（2007 上海春）If you talk nice and polite,people listen to you.If you sh
14、out,this is no good,?Ado you Bdont you Cis it Disnt it 解析：如果你说话有礼貌，人们就会听你。如果你大声喊叫，不好的，对吗？陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用 it。答案：C 点评：本题考查反意疑问句的一个简单规则。3.(2006 全国卷)We forgot to bring our tickets,but please let us enter,_.A.do you B.can we C.will you D.shall we 解析：我们忘记带票了，请让我们进去好吗？
15、省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you 答案：C 点评：本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法 4.(2006 福建卷)Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?A.hadnt you B.wouldnt you C.arent I D.didnt she 解析：我肯定你更乐意让他乘公交车对吗？陈述部分主句为第一人称谓语是 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagin,be sure,引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句 答案：B.点评：第 4 页 共 6 页 5.(2006 广东卷)S
16、arah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday,_ she?A.had B.did C.hadnt D.didnt 解析：萨拉几天前请人修了洗衣机，是吗？根据关键词 had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday 可知应用一般过去时。答案：A 点评：本题考查反意疑问句一般用法 6.（西安二检）Tom,you go and pick up Mary from the station,?-But shes already got home.2007 A
17、dontt you B do you C will you D shall you 解析：-Tom，你去车站接 Mary 好吗？-但她已经到家了啊。祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you 答案：C 点评：本题考查带主语祈使句的反意疑问句用法 7.（2007 辽宁卷）Help others whenever you can_ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A.and B.or C.unless D.but 解析：无论你什么时候帮助别人，那么你就会使世界变的更加和谐美好。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+将来时
18、答案：A.点评：固定结构表达 8.（2005 辽宁卷）Follow your doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.Aor Band Cthen Dso 解析：听医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽将变的更坏。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+将来时 答案：A 点评：固定结构表达 三、方法总结与 2008 年高考预测（一）方法总结 1.祈使句的判断根据说话着的语气，而不是它的结构。更要注意它的固定结构。2.反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示提
19、问人的倾向、强调或反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。（二）2008 年高考预测 1.祈使句的判断 2.祈使句固定结构 3.反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法 四、强化训练 单项选择题 1.I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,?A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they 2.help if you can,and our country will improve more
20、 quickly and better.第 5 页 共 6 页 A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give 3.Lucy,you wash the dishes,?Mom,cant Lily do it?Its her turn to do it.A.dont you B.can you C.shall you D.will you 4.You ought to stay up late tonight,you?Yes.Ive got too much homework.A.cant B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.wont 5.Nothing can st
21、op us from serving the people heart and soul,?A.can it B.cant it C.can they D.cant they 6.There used to be a church in the small town,?A.used there B.usednt there C.used it D.usednt it 7.Its really very dangerous.One more step,the baby will fall into the well.A.or B.so C.but D.and 8.Helen must obey
22、her parents.Oh,she must,?A.must she B.mustnt she C.shouldnt she D.should she 9.John must be in the chemistry lab,?A.mustnt he B.neednt he C.isnt he D.shouldnt he 10.Try to retell the story in your own words._ afraid to make mistakes.A.Not to be B.Dont C.No be D.Dont be.C B D B A B D A C D 创新试题 歼灭难点训
23、练 1.Its a fine day,Lets go fishing,_?A.wont we B.will we C.dont we D.shall we 2.Frank is working late again.This is the first time this week hes had to study late,_?A.isnt he B.hasnt it C.hasnt he D.isnt it 3.Daddys forgot to post the letter again,_?Im afraid he _.A.has;has B.isnt;is C.hasnt;has D.h
24、as;hasnt 4.Sorry,Im not feeling well and I dont think I can finish.Dont worry.Let us do it for you,_?A.will you B.shall we C.shant we D.shall you 5.I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night,_?A.do I B.could he C.did he D.has he 6.The ground is wet.It must have rained last night,
25、_?A.hasnt it B.didnt it C.mustnt it D.isnt it 7.Jenny doesnt think that Robert is honest,_?Im afraid not.A.is he B.isnt he C.does she D.doesnt she 第 6 页 共 6 页 8.The new windows need washing.Well,lets wash them together,_?A.shall we B.will you C.should we D.would you 9.There is little we can do about it,_?A.is there B.cant we C.isnt there D.can we 10.The problem wasnt difficult for him,was it?_.He should have been given a more difficult one.A.No,it was B.Yes,it was C.Yes,it wasnt D.No,it wasnt 解析答案：DDCAC BCAAD 六、复习建议 1.认真掌握祈使句，基本概念。2.熟记一些固定搭配