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1、 Of Studies 谈读书 1.Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.东旭：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。王佐良：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。2.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgement and disposition of business.东：其娱乐方面的主要用途在于独处和隐退之时；其装饰方面的主要用途在
2、于言谈之中；其增长才能方面的主要用途在于对事务的判断和处理。王：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。3.For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.东：因为虽然有实践经验的人能完成特定工作，而且也许还能对个别的事情一一作出判断，但是宏观的建
3、议，以及对事务的筹划和安排，绝大多数都是出自有学问的人。王：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判断枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。4.To spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament,is affection;to make judgement wholly by their rule,is the humour of a scholar.东：把时间过多地花费在学问上，是怠惰；把学问过多地用做装饰，是虚伪；完全按学问的规则来判断，则是书呆子的嗜好。王：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太
4、盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。5.The perfect nature,and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study;and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large,except they be bounded in experience.东：学问能使天性完美，而经验又能使学问完善：因为天生的才能犹如野生植物，需要用学问加以修剪；而学问本身若不受经
5、验的限制，则它们所作的指导就太泛泛了。王：读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。6.Crafty men contempt studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by observation.东：狡诈的人蔑视学问，愚笨的人羡慕学问，聪明的人运用学问；因为学问并不传授它们
6、自己的用法；这种运用之道是学问之外、并超乎学问之上的一种才智，只有通过观察才能获得。王：有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。7.Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.东：读书不是为了闲谈和演说，而是为了权衡和思考。王：读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。8.Som
7、e books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.东：有些书可供品尝，有些书可以吞食，还有少数的一些书则应当咀嚼消化。那就是说，有些书只要读其中的一部分就行了；有些书虽然可以全读，
8、但不必过细；还有少数的一些书则应当通读、精读、勤读。王：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。9.Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them by others;but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books;else distilled books are,like common distilled w
9、aters,flashy things.东：有些书还可以请人代读，由别人替你作出摘录；但那只限于一些 不太重要的议论，以及那种比较平庸的书籍；否则，经过删节的书就会像蒸馏水一样乏味。王：书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。10.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.东：读书能使人充实；谈话能使人机敏；写作能使人精确。王：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。11.And therefore,if a man write l
10、ittle,he had need have a great memory;if he confer little,he had need have a present wit;and if he read little,he had need have much cunning,to seem to know that he doth not.东：所以，如果一个人很少写东西，那么他就必须有很好的记忆力；如果他很少与人谈话，那么他必须有很灵敏的头脑；如果他很少看书，那么他必须非常狡猾，才可以不懂装懂。王：因此不常作笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知
11、。12.Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in mores.东：历史能使人聪慧；诗歌能使人灵秀；数学能使人精细；自然哲学能使人深沉；伦理学能使人庄重；逻辑和修辞学能使人善辩。“学问能陶冶人的性格。”王：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。13.Nay there is
12、 no stond or impediment in the wit,but may be wrought out by fit studies:like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.东：不仅如此，凡精神上的各种障碍无不可由适当的学问加以消除，有如身体上的各种疾病无不可由相宜的运动予以矫治。王：人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。14.Bowling is good for the stone and reins;shooting for the lungs and b
13、reast;gentle walking for the stomach;riding for the head;and the like.东：滚球有益于睾肾，射箭有益于胸肺，慢步有益于肠胃，骑马有益于头脑，等等。王：滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑马利头脑，诸如此类。15.So if a mans wit be wandering,let him study the mathematics;for in demonstrations,if his wit be called away never so little,he must begin again.东：所以，如果一个人精力不集中
14、，那就可以叫他研究数学，因为在演算的过程中精力稍不集中就会出错，还得从头算起。王：如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演。16.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen;for they are cymini sectores.东：如果一个人不善于辨别差异，那就可以叫他研究经院哲学家的著作，因为他们都是条分缕析、细致入微的人。王：如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人。17.If he be not at to beat over matters,and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyers cases.东：如果一个人不善于调查问题，不善于用一件事情证明和阐释另一件事情，那就可以叫他研究律师的案卷。王：如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可另读律师之案卷。18.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.东：所以，各种心智上的缺陷都有一种专门的补救办法。王：如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。