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1、感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1.可用句型：“What+a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：What a nice present it is!What an interesting book it is!2.可用句型：“What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are!What good children they are!3.可用句型：“What 形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如：Wha
2、t fine weather it is today!What important news it is!二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1.可用句型：“How 形容词/副词主语谓语！”。如：How careful she is!How fast he runs!2.可用句型：“How 形容词 a/an 可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is!3.可用句型：“How 主语谓语！”。如：How time flies!由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How bea
3、utiful a girl she is!What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are!How delicious these cakes are!三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如：Good idea!（好主意！）Wonderful!（太精彩了！）Thank goodness!（谢天谢地！）专项练习 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。difficult homework we had yesterday!2._cute dog it is!interesting the story is!ba
4、d the weather in England is!honest boy Tom is！tasty smell the cake gave off!good time we had on the beach yesterday!exciting news youve brought us!your new car is!scary these tigers are!二、选择填空。1._ fast the boy ran!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 2._ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A.How,how B.Wh
5、at,what C.How,what D.What,how 3._ delicious the soup is!Id like some more.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 4._ fools they were!They believed what the man said.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 5._ foolish they were!They believed what the man said.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 6._ difficult questions
6、they are!I cant answer them.A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 7.I miss my friend very much._ I want to see her!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 8._ lovely weather we are having these days!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 9._ beautiful your new dress is!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 10._ interesting wo
7、rk it is to teach children!A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_ _ the boy swam!2.The school trip is very exciting.（同义句）_ _ the school trip is!3.Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter.（同义句）_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4.It is a very useful d
8、ictionary.（同义句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5.The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!条件句 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 和条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面，若 if 条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如：We can walk there
9、if we cant find a bus.If it rains tomorrow,we will not go to the zoo.What will you do if you find a panda in danger If 引导条件句构成如下：1.if 从句用现在时态，主语用将来时态（will/wont）。（例子同上）2.if 从句用现在时态，主语用祈使句（动词原形/Dont+动词原形）。如：If you make a mistake,correct it.If you dont like the food,dont eat it.专项练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If
10、you _(feel)tired,you _(have)to have a rest.2.Where _ he _(see)the film if he _(have)time 3.If there _(be)fewer trees,there _(be)more pollution.4.He _(dress)more casually if he _(not work)on weekends.5.If Marcia _(live)alone,she _(keep)a pet parrot.6.Lana _(buy)a new dress if the old one _(be)out of
11、style.7.The twins _(fight)if they_(argue).8.I _(have)a bake sale if I _(need)money for education.9.Peter _(send)me a beautiful souvenir if he _(tour)Spain.10.If Mr.Green _(say)I am hard-working,my parents _(feel)glad.11.I _(go)to the beach if it_(not rain)this week.12._they _(have)a match if the.tea
12、cher _(be)busy 13.He _(write)a letter to his grandparents if he _(get)his report card this week.14.If she _(get)up late,she _(not catch)the early bus.15.Peter _(major)in English if he _(pass)the exams in Peking University.二、根据汉语意思写句子。1.如果他到的晚了会发生什么事情 What _ if he _ late 2.如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。If you_ _,y
13、ou _ good _.3.他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。If he _ TV too much,his parents _ _ unhappy.4.如果我们为他组织生日聚会，大家都会来的。Everyone _ if we _ a birthday party _ him.5.如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。If it _ _ tomorrow,I _ go to the park _ you.6.如果她睡过头了，就会旅游迟到的。She_ the trip if she _.7.如果他有空，他会帮助你的。If he _,he _ you.8.如果 Tom 考试不及格，他就没有机会
14、上高中了。Tom _have the _to go to the high school if he _ the exams.9.你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。You _ _ good at all the subjects if you _ the other students homework.There be 句型与 have,has 的区别 一、There be 句型 1表示：在某地有某物或某人。2在 there be 句型中：A主语是单数或不可数名词，be 动词用 is；There is a book on the desk.There is some water in th
15、e glass.B主语是复数，be 动词用 are；There are three men under the tree.C如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定。There is a bag,two books and three pens on the desk.There are two books,a bag and three pens on the desk.3there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not,一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。肯定句：There is a duck in the river.否定句：There is not a duck
16、 in the river.一般疑问句：Is there a duck in the river 4some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。5and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。6针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+可数名词复数+are there +介词短语 How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语 7针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语 二、have，has 1表示：某人或某物“拥有”什么东西，强调“所
17、属关系”，而且某人某物作为句子的主语。2have 用在人称 I，we，you，they 和复数的人或物后面。has 用在人称 he,she,it 和单数和人或物后面。如：I have a daughter.He has a lucky dog.三、There be 句型与 have，has 有时也可以通用。如：The classroom has ten desks.=There are ten desks in the classroom.教室里有十张桌子。四、注意：1“have 表示一日三餐的名词”，意为“用餐”。如：have breakfast 吃早餐，have lunch 吃午饭，hav
18、e supper 吃晚饭。2“have 表示食品、饮料等名词”，意为“吃；喝”。如：have(some)bread 吃面包，have eggs(for breakfast)(早餐)吃鸡蛋，have(a cup of)tea 喝(一杯)茶。3“have 表示动作的名词”，没有固定的意思，常与表示动作的名词同义。如：have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a drink(of)喝一点()have a look(at)(朝)看一眼 4“have 表示某种活动的名词”，意为“进行，举行”。如：have a class(学生)上课 have a birthday par
19、ty 举行生日聚会 专项练习 一、用恰当的 be 动词填空。1There _ a lot of sweets in the box.2There _ some milk in the glass.3There _ some people under the big tree.4There _ a picture and a map on the wall.5There _ a box of rubbers near the books.6There _ lots of flowers in our garden last year.7There _ a plate of chicken beh
20、ind the fridge yesterday.8There _ four cups of coffee on the table.二、用 have 或 has 填空。1 I _ a nice picture.2 He _ a good friend.3 They _ some kites.4We _ some flowers.5She _ a duck.6My father _ a new bike.7Her mother _ a vase.8Our teacher _ an English book.9Our teachers _ a basketball.10Their parents
21、 _ some story books.11Nancy _ many skirts.12 David _ some jackets.13My friends _ a football.14 What do you _ 15What does Mike _ 16 What do your friends _ 17What does Helen _ 18 His brother _ a basketball.19Her sister _ a nice doll.20 Miss Li _ an English book.三、用“have,has”“there is,there are”或者“is t
22、here,are there”填空。1.I _ a good father and a good mother.2._ a book on the desk.3.He _ a tape-recorder.4._ a basketball in the playground.5.She _ some dresses.6.They _ a nice garden.7.What do you _ 8._ a reading-room in the building 9.What does Mike _ 10._ any books in the bag 11.My father _ a story-
23、book.12._ a story-book on the table.13._ any flowers in the garden 14.How many students _ in the classroom 15.My parents _ some nice pictures.16._ some maps on the wall.17._ a map of the world on the wall.18.David _ a car.19.Davids friends _ some dogs.20._ many children on the hill.四、按照要求改写下列句子。1.I
24、have a ping-pong ball.（否定句）2.We have a basketball.（否定句）3.They have some flowers.（否定句）4.She doesnt have any cars.（肯定句）5.He has a nice telephone.（否定句）6.There is an apple in the basket.（疑问句）7.There are some boys in our class.（疑问句）8.Is there an apple on the desk （肯定句）9.Do you have any boys in your family （否定句）10.Are there any chairs in your classroom（否定句）