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1、-.z.1.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的概念、构造以及用法 一般过去时用来表示过去*一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday 昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年,等。一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。1.He walks to school.(一般现在时)2.He walked to school.(一般过去时)例 1中的动词 walks 时现在式,由于主语是第三人称单数 he,因此原因的 walk 必须加上“s
2、,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为“他现在经常步行上学。例 2中的动词 walked 是过去式,过去式是表达过去事情的动词形式,所以这句话时表示的是过去的*时,例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的*一时间,这句可译为“他曾经步行上学。2一般过去时的几种构造 1.be 动词的过去式 am 与 is 的过去式是 was are 的过去式是 were be 动词的过去时的句型如下:肯定句:主语+be 动词的过去式was were 否认句:主语+be 动词的过去式was,were+not 疑问句:be 动词的过去式was,were+主语.He was busy yesterday.(肯定句)他昨天很忙。
3、He was not busy yesterday.(否认句)他昨天不忙。Was he busy yesterday(疑问句)他昨天忙吗.1be 动词过去时的肯定句 Mike was in the United States last year.麦克去年在美国。be 动词的现在式和过去式:There is(are)的句型用于一般过去时需把 is,are 变为它们的过去式:There was(were)2be 动词过去式的否认句 -.z.He was not in Canada last year.他去年不在加拿大。be 动词过去时的否认句的构造和现在时一样,只要在 be 动词过去式was,we
4、re后面加上 not 就可以了。否认式的 was not,were not 大多使用缩写形式 wasnt 和 werent.I wasnt busy the other day.前几天我不忙。3be 动词的过去时的疑问句一般疑问句 Was it raining in Beijing yesterday Yes,it was.No,it wasnt.I t was cloudy.昨天下雨了吗.是的,下了 不,没下雨。昨天阴天。be 动词过去时一般疑问句的构造和一般现在时一样,只要把 be 动词的过去式 was,were 调到主语前面即可。was(were)+主语.答复时,需要用 Yes,was(
5、were).或 Nowasnt(werent)Was your father free this morning 今天上午你爸爸有空吗.Yes,he was.是的,他有空。No,he wasnt.不,他没空。练习题 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two years ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6.There _ an app
6、le on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.-.z.2.一般动词的过去时 *一般动词过去式的根本句型如下:肯定句:主语+动词的过去式 否认句:主语+did not+动词原形 疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形.He played tennis last week.(肯定句)他上周打网了。He did not play tennis last week.(否认句)上周他没打网球。Did he play t
7、ennis last week(疑问句)上周他打网球了吗.*规则动词的过去式 1 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2.以不发音 e 结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。livelived useused taste-tasted 3.以“辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将 y 改为 i,再加 ed。studystudied trytried flyflied 4.以重读闭音节即辅音元音辅音或 r 音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再
8、加 ed。stopstopped planplanned preferpreferred 则什么是重读闭音节.必须是重读音节 以一个辅音字母结尾 元音字母发短音 总结来说就是:一元一辅,又重又短 例子:beg drag drop drip滴下 5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。1把动词原形中的 i 改为 a,变成过去式。如:beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam 2把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o,变成过去式。如:drivedrove,riderode,writewrote 3改动词原形中的 aw ow 为
9、 ew,变成过去式。如:drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew 动 词 show 除 外,showshowed 4动词原形中的 e 改为 o,变成过去式。如:getgot,forgetforgot 5动词原形中的 ee 改为 e,变成过去式。如:feedfed,meetmet 6 动词原形中的 eep 改为 ept,变成过去式。如:keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 7动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke,变成过去式。如:breakbroke,speakspoke 8动词原形中的 ell 改为 old,变成过去式。如:sellsold
10、,telltold 9动词原形中的 an 改为 oo,变成过去式。如:-.z.standstood,understandunderstood 10以 ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是:t的过去式。如:bringbrought,buy bought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught 11以 ould 结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如:cancould,shallshould,willwould 12把动词原形中的 o 改为 a,变成过去式。如:ecame,beebecame 13在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:hea
11、rheard,meanmeant 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:letlet,mustmust,putput,readread,costcost,cutcut,hithit,putput,hurthurt 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:am,iswas,arewere,buildbuilt,dodid,eatate,fallfell,feelfelt,findfound,flyflew,gowent,have has had,holdheld,leaveleft,makemade,maymight,runran,seesaw,taketook,saysaid*1.一般动词过去式的肯
12、定句 We had a good time yesterday.昨天我们过得很愉快。He had a good time yesterday.昨天他过得很快乐。一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此,主语即使是单数、第三人称,也和其他人称一样化。I watched TV for an hour.我看了一个小时的电视。She studied Russian two years ago.两年前他学俄语。2.一般动词过去时的否认句 We did not have a good time yesterday.昨天我们过得不好。一般动词过去时的否认句的构造和一般现在时够定句的构造一样,不管主语是第几人称,还
13、是单、复数,在主语后面加上 did not 而不是 do not,或 does not就可以了。否认式 did not 常用缩写形式 didnt。He didnt have classes this morning.今天上午他没课.You didnt do your best to do it.你没有尽力去做。3.一般动词过去时的疑问句 Did he go there他去那了吗.Yes,he did.(No,he didnt.)是的,他去了。不,他没去。-.z.When did you get up this morning At si*.今天早晨你几点钟起床的.六点钟。一般动词过去时一般疑问
14、句的构造和一般现在时一般疑问句的构造一样,无论主语是第几人称,单数、复数,在主语前面加上 did 即可。Did Tom go with you汤姆和你一起去的吗.Yes,he did.(No,he didnt.)是的。不,不是的 How many subjects did you study last term上学期你们学习几门功课.We studied seven.我们学习七门课。比拟一般动词的现在时和过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 肯定句 I go.He goes.I went.He went.否认句 I dont go.He doesnt go.I didnt go.He didnt g
15、o.疑问句 Do you go Does he go Did you go Did he go 3一般过去时的几种用法 1.带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如:yesterday(昨天),two days ago两天前,last year去年.,the other day前几天,once upon a time过去曾经,just now刚刚,in the old days过去的日子里,before liberation解放前,when I was 8 years old当我八岁时.2.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。常与 always,never 等连用。Mrs.Peter alway
16、s carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。只是说明她过去的动作,不说明她现在是否常带着伞。Mrs.Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。说明这是她的习惯,说明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。3.有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们要特别注意。-.z.I didnt know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I
17、know you are here.I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。这句话应是在说话前,我以为你病了,但是现在我知道你没病。练习题 一、请用正确动词形式填空 1.He _ (live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat _ (eat)a bird last night.3.We _ (have)a party last Halloween.4 4.Nancy_ (pick)up oranges on the farm last week.5.I _ (make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.6.The
18、y _ (play)chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7.My mother _ (cook)a nice food last Spring Festival.8.The girls _ (dance)at the party last night.9.I _ (watch)a cartoon on Saturday last week.10._ you _(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival 11._ he _(fly)a kite on Sunday Yes,he _.12.Gao Shan _(pu
19、t)up the picture last night.13.I _(sweep)the floor yesterday.14.14.What _ she _(find)in the garden last morning 15.Her father _(read)a newspaper last night.16.Mike _(not go)to bed until 12 oclock last night.17.I listened but _(hear)nothing.18.How many people _(be)there in your class last term 二、改错题
20、1How is Jane yesterday _ 2He go to school by bus last week._ 3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month._ 4I can fly kites seven years ago._ 5.Did you saw him just now._ 三、按要求变换句型。1.Frank read an interesting book about history.一般疑问句 _ Frank _ an interesting book about history 2.He cleaned his room just now.划线提问 What_ he _ 3.Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.否认句 Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.4.My family went to the beach last week.划线提问 _ _ _ family _ last week