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1、 1 专题 24 完形填空（夹叙夹议类）1.【2019全国 I】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They _41_ with them lots of waste.The _42_ might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,changing the _43
2、_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im _44_ about the place other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.However,I soon _45_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _46_ among tons of rubbish.I find a _47_ mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.T
3、he environmental challenges are _48_ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _49_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _50_,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are _51_ as spiritual places by many cultures.This _52_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _53_ go throu
4、gh five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,_54_ lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather _55_ low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I _56_ twelve shades of green from where I stand
5、.Above 4,000 meters is the highland _57_:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks._58_ you climb into an arctic-like zone with _59_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _60_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite
6、to be true.41.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring 42.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters 43.A.position B.age C.face D.name 44.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy 45.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate 46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones 47.A.remote B.quiet C.all D.clean 48.A.new B.specia
7、l C.significant D.necessary 49.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away 2 50.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight 51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded 52.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose 53.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials 54.A.holding on to B.going b
8、ack to C.living up to D.giving way to 55.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits 56.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add 57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake 58.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally 59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial 60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire【答案】41.D 42.C 43.
9、C 44.B 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.D 55.A 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.B【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有四万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，人们的蜂拥而至带来了垃圾，破坏了这里宁静的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。但是现在，由于政府的努力，情况已经出现了好转。41.D 结合上下文可知，他们带来了很多的垃圾。keep 保持；mix 混合；connect 联系；bring 带来。由“lots of waste”可知是带来了垃圾。故选 D。42.C 拥挤的人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。s
10、tory 故事；building 建筑物；crowd 人群；reporter 记者。由“40,000”可知指的是庞大的人群。故选 C。43.C 冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。position 位置；age 年龄；face 外貌；name 名字。故选 C。44.B 结合空格后“other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.”可知，其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由此可见，乞力马扎罗山的这种糟糕让我开始有了怀疑。silent 沉默的；skepeti
11、cal怀疑的；serious 严肃的；crazy 疯狂的。故选 B。45.A 然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况大有改观。由“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。discover 发现；argue 争论，主张；decide 决定；advocate提倡。故选 A。46.C 结合上一题解析以及下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现，指营地周围。equipment 装备；grass 草；camps 营地；stone 石头。故选 C。3 47.D 由“with toilet at camps and along the p
12、aths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。remote 遥远的；quiet 安静的 tall 高的；clean 干净的。故选 D。48.C 环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。new 新的；special特殊的；significant 相当大的；necessary 必要的。故选 C。49.A 由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。pay off得到回报；spread out 伸展；blow up 爆
13、炸；fade away；逐渐消退。故选 A。50.B 在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。atmosphere 氛围；experience 经历；experiment 实验；sight 视力。故选 B。51.D 由“spiritual space”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。study 学习，研究；observed 观察；explore 探索；regard 认为。be regarded as 意为“被视为.”符合句意。故选 D。52.A 在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。
14、view 景色；quality 质量；reason 原因；purpose 目的。故选 A。53.B 来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。考查名词辨析。scientists 科学家；climbers 登山者；locals 当地人；officials 官员。故选 A。54.D 热带雨林在海拔 3000 米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。hold on to 抓住；go back to 回到；C.live up to 履行；give way to 向让步。故选 D。55.A 再往上走，天气变了-低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，生态系统不
15、同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。change 改变；clear（天）放晴；improve 改善，提高；permits 允许。故选 A。56.C 由“twelve shades of green”可知，从站的地方，作者数出了十二种绿色。match 匹配；imagine 想象；count 数；add 增加。故选 C。57.B 由“grave,stones and rocks”可知，拔 4000 米以上是高山寒漠。village 村庄；desert 沙漠，荒地；road马路；lake 湖。故选 B。58.D 海拔 4000 米以上是高地沙漠、砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地
16、区。Obviously 明显地；Easily 容易地；Consequently 结果；Finally 最后地。故选 D。59.A 由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。permanent 永久的；little极少的；fresh 新鲜的；artificial 人造的。故选 A。60.B 乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？文章在此用一个疑问句以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。enjoy 享受；deserve 值得（拥有）；save 挽救；acquire 获得。故选 B。4 2.【2018全国 I】阅读下面
17、短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a freecourse,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I_41_the idea of taking the class because，after all,who doesnt want to_42_a few dollars?More than that,Id a
18、lways wanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent_43_enough about free credits,news about our_44_was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which_45_I would be learning from one of the games_46_.I could hardly wait to_47_him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate retu
19、rning to teach,and this_48_was no game for him:he meant business.In his introduction,he made it_49_that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to_50_the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to_51_what we would learn in class to our future professions and,_52_,to our l
20、ives.I managed to get an A in that_53_and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the_54_.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he_55_me:“The absolute most important_56_that you learn when you play chess is how to make good_57_.On every single move you
21、have to_58_a situation,process what your opponent(对手）is doing and_59_the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my_60_as a journalist.41.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down 42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay 43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired 44.A
22、.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor 45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant 46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest 47.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat 48.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job 49.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible 50.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe 51.A.add B.expose C.ap
23、ply D.compare 52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally 53.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment 5 54.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation 55.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised 56.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill 57.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments 58.A.ana
24、lyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control 59.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate 60.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior【答案】41.B 42.C 43.A 44.D 45.D 46.C 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.B 51.C 52.A 53.C 54.B 55.A 56.D 57.B 58.A 59.D 60.A【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。41.考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的
25、免费课程，这个课程 3 个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A.put forward 提出；B.jumped at 急于接收；C.tried out 尝试；D.turned down 拒绝。故选 B。42.考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程 3 个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。A.waste 浪费；B.earn 赚钱；C.save 节省；D.pay 付钱。故选 C。43.考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。A.excited 激动的；兴奋的；B.worried 担心的
26、；C.moved 感动的；D.tired 劳累的。故选 A。44.考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A.title 头衔；题目；B.competitor 竞赛者；C.textbook 教科书；D.instructor 导师。故选 D。45.考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A.urged 督促；B.demanded 要求；C.held握住；D.meant 意味着。故选 D。46.考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。A.fastest 最快的；B.easiest 最容易的；C.best 最好的；D.ra
27、rest 最稀少的。故选 C。47.考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。A.interview 面试；B.meet 见面；C.challenge 挑战；D.beat击败。故选 B。48.考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。A.chance 机会；B.qualification 合格；C.honor 荣誉；D.job 工作。故选 D。49.考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。A.real 真实的；B.perfect 完美的；C.clear 清楚的；D.possible 可能的。故选 C。6 52.考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课
28、堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。A.eventually 最终；B.naturally自然地；C.directly 直接地；D.normally 正常地。故选 A。53.考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个 A。A.game 游戏；B.presentation 介绍；陈述；C.course课程；D.experiment 实验。故选 C。54.考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。A.criterion 标准；B.classroom 教室；C.department 部门；系；D.situation 情况。故选 B。55.考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里
29、，我仍在应用他教我的东西。A.taught教；B.wrote写；C.questioned 提问；D.promised 承诺。故选 A。56.考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A.fact 事实；B.step步；C.manner 方式；D.skill 技能。故选 D。57.考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。A.grades 等级；B.decisions 决定；C.impressions 印象；D.comments 评论。故选 B。58.考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。A.analyze
30、 分析；B.describe 描述；C.rebuild 重建；D.control 控制。故选 A。59.考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。A.announce 宣布；B.signal 发信号；C.block阻塞；D.evaluate 评估。故选 D。60.考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A.role 角色；B.desire欲望；要求；C.concern 涉及，关系到；D.behavior 行为。故选 A。点睛：高考复习时，注意熟词生意的短语是很重要的。本文的中的 jump at 意为：急于接收。此处 jump 是一个熟词，但这个短语的
31、意思学生比较陌生，这样就会导致学生不知道意思而束手无策。3.【2018浙江卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,but is it _36_ to have too much?I_37_back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also _38_a team sport.By the time I 7 got home,I
32、 only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it _39_ When I got into college,things _40_ I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this _41_ there was no sense of _42_ to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became
33、 _43_.Once that happened,I just kept_44_my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was_45_really late at night to get my work alone.One day I _46_a former classmate of mine who was _47_ a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was _48_,I asked h
34、im why he just didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would _49_ have too much time and would just do what I did back in_50_.He said that if he _51_the job,he would lose his _52_ to work and succeed.So,try _53_ your time with other work.This is why there is a _54_ that if you wan
35、t something done,ask a _55_person to do it.36.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible 37.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect 38.A.watched B.loved.C.Coached D.played 39.A.al last B.right away C.of course D.mattered 40.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered 41.A.extra B.difficult.C.valuable D.limi
36、ted 42.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction 43.A.burden B.relief C.risk D.habit 44.A.pushing B.taking C.setting D.calling 45.A.hanging out B.staying up C.jogging round D.showing off 46.A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired 47.A.raising B.wasting C.demanding D.making 48.A.safe B.important C.boring D
37、.rewarding 49.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply 50.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business 51.A.quit B.found C.accepted D.kept 52.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way 53.A.saving B.filling up C.giving up D.trading 54.A.message B.story C.saying D.fact 8 55.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind【答案】36.D 3
38、7.A 38.D 39.B 40.C 41.A 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.A 52.C 53.B 54.C 55.B【解析】作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。36.考查形容词。A.true 真实的；B.fair 公平的；C.strange 奇怪的；D.possible 可能的。句意：我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗?表示“可能的”，表示作者的疑问，故选D。37.考查动词。A.remember 记得；B.admit 承认；C.unde
39、rstand 理解；D.expect 期望。此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是 remember back，故选 A。38.考查动词。A.watched 观察；B.loved 热爱；C.coached 训练；D.played 玩。此处指自从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育锻炼”是 play sport，故选 D。39.考查固定短语。A.at last 最后；B.right away 立刻，马上；C.of course 当然；D.mattered 因为在校时间多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写作业。下文 do my school work immed
40、iately 给了提示，故选 B。40.考查动词。A.happened 发生；B.repeated 重复；C.changed 改变；D.mattered 要紧。大学生活和高中生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选 C。41.考查形容词。A.extra 额外的；B.difficult.困难的；C.valuable 有价值的；D.limited 有限的。此处指大学里有许多额外的时间，故选 A。42.考查名词。A.duty 责任；B.achievement 成就；C.urgency 紧急；D.direction 方向。大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，故选 C。43.考
41、查名词。A.burden 负担；B.relief 救济；C.risk 冒险；D.habit 习惯。由于不急着写作业，所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选 D。44.考查动词。A.pushing 推；B.taking 拿；C.setting 放置；D.calling 呼唤。与上文的 waiting 呼应，指形成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，越推越远。根据常识也可知答案，故选 A。45.考查动词短语。A.hanging out 挂出，常去某处；B.staying up 熬夜；C.jogging round 慢跑；D.showing off 炫耀。根据 late at night 可知是熬夜，此处指
42、作业等到最后熬夜完成，故选 B。9 48.考查形容词。A.safe 安全的；B.important 重要的；C.boring 无聊的；D.rewarding 有益的。因为他的常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选 C。49.考查副词。A.luckily 幸运地；B.hardly 几乎不；C.hopefully 有希望地；D.simply 简单地。朋友说如果没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选 D。50.考查名词。A.childhood 童年时期；B.college 大学；C.town 城镇；D.business 商业。他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间
43、而不忙着做事，与上文内容呼应，故选 B。51.考查动词。A.quit 放弃；B.found 发现；C.accepted 接受；D.kept 保持。如果他放弃工作，就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，故选 A。52.考查名词。A.heart 心脏；B.chance 机会；C.drive 驱动力；D.way 方法。此处指如果他放弃工作，就失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”，故选 C。53.考查动词。A.saving 节约；B.filling up 装满；C.giving up 放弃；D.trading 交易。句意：试着用其他工作装满你的时间，使自己忙起来。故选 B。54.
44、考查名词。A.message 消息；B.story 故事；C.saying 谚语；D.fact 事实。此处指 if you want something done,ask a 55 person to do it.这句谚语，故选 C。55.考查形容词。A.careful 小心的；B.busy 忙碌的；C.reliable 可靠的；D.kind 善良的。此处指如果你想做某事，请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成，不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选 B。4.【2018北京】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless
45、Hero For many,finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a
46、_18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet,he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver,only to _21_ it contained 40
47、0 in notes,with another 50 in spare 10 change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35,000in Glasgow city cen
48、tre,they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his _25_.Mr.Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonigh
49、t _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and _27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _28_.Its unbelievable.It just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr.Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention.He also won praise from
50、 social media users after Mr.Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area,which by yesterday had received 8,000.I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him.Peo