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1、 北师大版初二 上 英语第 4 讲：unit 2 语法篇(教师版)第 2 页 Unit 2 语法篇 _ _ 理解并掌握情态动词 can,must,和 have to 的用法 情态动词 can,must 和 have to 都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和态度。1.can 的用法 can 没有人称和数的变化，其否认形式为 can not，可缩写为 cant。can 的过去式是 could，用于一般过去时的句子中。Can 的主要用法：(1)表示许可，意为“可以。例如：You can do it tomorrow.你可以明天做。
2、You cant go now.现在你不能走。(2)表示请求对方许可，意为“能，可以，第 3 页 一般用于句型“Can I/we?，肯定答复一般为“Yes,you can.，否认答复一般为“Sorry,you cant.。例如：-Can we leave now?我们现在可以走了吗？-Yes,you can.是的，可以。(3)表示能力，意为“能，会，具体指体力或脑力方面的能力。例如：I can play basketball.我会打篮球。Can you sing well?你唱歌唱得好吗？2.must 和 have to 的用法 must 和 have to 都表示“必须，其用法和区别如下：m
3、ust 必须 表示主观看法 没 有 人称、时态和 数 的变化 只用于一般现在时，可表示现在或将来 mustnt表示“禁止；一定不要 第 4 页 第 5 页 由 need 引导的一般疑问句，肯定答复一般用must，否认答复一般用 neednt。例如：-Need I come?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.(2)need 作为实义动词，有人称、数和时态的变化在变为否认句和疑问句时需借助于助动词 当主语是人时，后可接名词和动词不定式，即：need sth./need to do sth.，例如：He needs some help.他需要一些帮助。Its cold out
4、side.You need to wear more clothes.外面很冷，你需要多穿点衣服。need 后跟不定式且用于否认句中时，表示“不必，指没义务或没必要做某事。例如：You dont need to do it at once.你不必马上做那件事情。当主语为物时，后接名词或 v-ing。例如：The flowers need water.这些花需要水。The flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。注意：第 6 页 1.以 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定答复用 must，否认答复用 neednt 或 dont have to。例如：-Must I go wit
5、h them?我必须跟他们走吗？-Yes,you must.是的，你必须去。/No,you neednt./you dont have to.不，没必要。2.have to 不能直接构成否认句或疑问句，而是要借助于助动词。例如：You dont have to get up early.你不必早起。Does she have to wash the clothes now?现在她必须洗衣服吗？1.Children _sit in the front seat of a car.Its too dangerous.A.need B.neednt C.must D.mustnt 2.I _foll
6、ow you.Would you please repeat it?A.cant B.dont C.neednt D.mustnt 3.We_pay to get into the concert.Its free.第 7 页 A.cant B.mustnt C.might not D.dont have to 4.-_you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening?-Id love to,but I have to study for my math test.A.Should B.May C.Must D.Can 5.-E
7、xcuse me,may I keep the book a little longer?-Sorry.You _ return it today.A.must B.mustnt C.can D.cant 6.-Look,someone left a book.-Oh,yeahThis book_be Kittys.Only she likes to read this kind of books.A.can B.must C.may D.might 7.-Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?第 8 页-Yes,you_.A.mus
8、t B.can C.may D.need 8.-Mr.Wang,can I finish my homework tomorrow?-Sorry,you_.A.cant B.dont C.neednt D.wont 解析：1.mustnt 表示“禁止。题意为“儿童禁止坐在汽车的前排座位，太危险了。应选 D。2.cant 意为“不能，题意为“我不能跟上你。你能重复一次吗？应选 A。3.dont have to 表示“不必，不需要，题意为“去音乐会不需要为我们付款，它是免费的。应选 D。4.can 表示请求对方许可，意为“能，可以。题意为“今天晚上能和我一起去朗朗的钢琴音乐会吗？我想去，但是我得为
9、数学考试做准备。应选 D。第 9 页 5.must 表示“必须。题意为“我能再多借几天吗？抱歉，你必须今天把书还回来应选 A。6.由下句的“Only she likes to read this kind of books，可知此处需用 must 表示肯定的推测，题意为“看！有人落下一本书。这本书一定是 Kitty的，只有她喜欢这类书。应选 B。7.have to 意为“必须，不得不，故答语需要 must，题意为“我们必须今天下午完成作业吗？是的，你们必须完成。应选 A。8.cant 表示“不能，can 引导的一般疑问句，否认答复用 cant，意为“王老师，我可以明天写作业吗？对不起，你不能，
10、应选 A。答案：1-5 DADDA 6-8 BAA 根底演练 一、用 can,cant,must,mustnt,have to 填空 1.Mary_ play a musical instrument very well.2.You cant play basketball in the classroom,you _play it in the playground.第 10 页 3.-Where is my watch.I cant find it.-Dont worry.It _be somewhere in your room.4.You_clean the room right no
11、w;you can do it tomorrow.5.You_tell anyone.Its a secret.6.Im not working tomorrow,so I _get up early.7.Tom cant come out,he_do his homework.8.You _smoke here.9.You_drive fast near a school.10.That woman _be Li Leis mother.I know her.二、单项选择 1.-_I do the laundry first?-No,you_.You can do your homework
12、 first.A.Must;mustnt B.Can;mustnt C.Must;neednt D.May;neednt 第 11 页 2.-Can I go to the park,Mum?-Certainly.But you_be back by six oclock.A.can B.may C.might D.must 3.The man_be my English teacher.I dont know him.A.might B.must C.cant D.Have to 4.Hi,guy!You_not park your car here.Its for our customer
13、s only.A.need B.may C.will D.can 5.-You_be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon.-Yes,I cant wait any longer.A.shall B.can C.need D.must 稳固提高 一、根据中文提示完成句子 第 12 页 1.你可以用木材，但不可以用塑料。You_,but you _use plastic.2.你必须在老师和同学面前测试它。You_test it_your teacher and your classmates.3.当我们在图书馆时，不能大声喧哗。W
14、hen we are in the library,we_shout.4.我们不得不每天穿校服。We _ school uniforms every day.5.你必须现在回家吗？_you_now?6.你现在不必做作业，你可以明天做。You _ do your homework now,you_do it tomorrow.7.我们不可以那样跟老师说话。第 13 页 We_our teacher like that.8.你可以借我的书，但必须按时归还。You _my book,but you_it _.9.你认为学生可以在课堂上睡觉吗？Do you think students_?10.你可以
15、用木材、纸张，但一定不要用其他的东西。You_use_and_,but you _use _.二、翻译 1.我哥哥花了两周教我弹吉他。_ 2.我们通常晚饭后散步。_ 第 14 页 3.孩子们一个接一个地下了公交车。_ 4.我认为 Tony 不会讲汉语。_ 5.准时是很重要的。_ 答案 根底演练 一、用 can,cant,must,mustnt,have to 填空 1.can 2.can 3.must 4.Dont have to 5.mustnt 6.dont have to 7.has to 8.cant 9.mustnt 10.must 二、单项选择 1-5 CDCDD 第 15 页 稳
16、固提高 一、根据中文提示完成句子 1.can use wood;cant 2.must;in front of 3.mustnt 4.have to 5.Must;go home 6.dont have to;can 7.mustnt speak to 8.borrow;must;on time 9.can sleep in class 10.can;wood;paper;cant;other things 二、翻译 1.It took my brother two weeks to teach me to play the guitar.2.We usually take a walk af
17、ter supper.3.The children got off the bus one by one.第 16 页 4.I dont think Tony can speak Chinese.5.It is important to be on time.一、单项选择 1.People_always be careful with fire,or it can be dangerous.A.can B.neednt C.must D.shouldnt 2.It rained heavily,so we_ stay at home watching TV.A.could B.had to C
18、.must D.have to 3.Reading everyday can make you_.A.became a superstar B.getting clever C.to have fun D.feel good 4.-Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.Is it Jane?-No,it _be her.She is at school now.第 18 页 9.According to the new traffic law,everyone in a car_wear the seat belt.A.can B.may C.m
19、ust D.will 10.Our teacher often asks us_questions in groups.A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing D.discussed 二、完形填空 The Read family comes to a new big city,but Mrs.Reads son,Bob,is not happy.He doesnt have anyone to play with.“Dont 1 !says his mother,“You will soon make friends here.One morning,there
20、 is a 2 at the door.Bobs mother,Mrs.Read,opens it.There stands a woman with brown hair.It is Mrs.Miller.She comes to borrow some 3 .She wants to 4 cakes.Mrs.Read gives her two.In the afternoon,there is another knock at the door.Mrs.Read opens it and sees a boy 5 there.“My name is Jack Miller,he says
21、,“My mother sends you this cake and the two 第 19 页 eggs.“Well,thank you,Jack.Says Mrs.Read,“6 and meet my son Bob.Look!Bob and Jack are having cake and milk.They are playing football.Now they are 7 !Jack says,“Im glad you live next door.Bob says,“I must thank your mother for coming to 8 eggs.Jack la
22、ughs and tells Bob,“My mother doesnt want the two eggs,but she wants to make friends 9 your mother.Bob says,“Thats a funny way to make friends.Its a(n)10 way,too.It can work!Only if youre willing to make friends can you always find some ways.1.A.worry B.frighten C.excite D.interest 2.A.shout B.cry C
23、.knock D.bark 3.A.cakes B.desks C.milk D.eggs 4.A.cook B.pay C.ask D.make 第 20 页 5.A.lifting B.sitting C.standing D.lying 6.A.Come in B.Go away C.Get out D.Turn around 7.A.classmates B.enemies C.friends D.brothers 8.A.lend B.borrow C.give D.take 9.A.into B.to C.after D.with 10.A.easy B.difficult C.f
24、oolish D.bad 答案 一、单项选择 1-5 CBDCB 6-10 CCACB 二、完形填空 1-5 ACDDC 6-10 ACBDA _ _ 第 21 页 一、单项选择 1.There is_ wrong with this computer.It doesnt work.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 2.-_ you help me mend the radio?-Yes,I can.A.May B.Might C.Must D.Can 3.-Which colour do you like _,blue or gree
25、n?-Blue.A.good B.better C.best D.the best 4.Tom is a good boy and he writes _ in his class.A.careful B.the most careful C.carefully D.the most carefully 5.-Is Mike at home?-No.He_ with his brother.第 22 页 A.swims B.was swimming C.is swimming D.swam (附：单项选择 1-5,2022-2022 北京市东城区 南片八年级上学期期末考试英语试卷)二、阅读理解
26、 A Studying in groups is becoming more and more popular in class.It has many advantages.For example,we can not only save time but also encourage each other when we study in groups.I still remember when I was in Grade 8,my physics was very poor.I had a really hard time with it.Once in class,the teach
27、ers asked us to discuss it with each other,but I was very shy,I could not do it like what they told me.My physics teacher encouraged me to face others and talk with someone else bravely.Then I studied with some classmates together.When I did not understand any questions,they could give me some advic
28、e,I could quickly find out the ways to deal with the problems.After that,I felt very relaxed and asked my classmates a lot of 第 23 页 questions about physics.I did not feel stressed out at all.At last,I finished my homework by myself for the first time.How excited I was!Because of studying in groups,
29、I am not worried about physics any more.With my classmates help,I get more confidence.It also gives me more chances to improve myself in many ways.So lets study more in groups.1._was poor for the writer in Grade 8.A.English B.Physics C.Maths D.Geography 2.Why could the author not do it like what the
30、y told her?A.Because she was very shy.B.Because she was afraid.C.Because she could not know how to do it.D.Because she could not know what to do 3.The underlined word“poor in the passage means_.A.穷 的 B.差 的 第 24 页 C.稀少的 D.可怜的 4.Which of the following is WRONG in this article?A.I felt relaxed after st
31、udying in groups.B.We can save time and encourage each other when studying in groups.C.I was excited because I could finish my homework alone at last.D.I am still worrying about physics because of studying with my classmates.5.What is the best title of the article?A.To study in groups B.To do homewo
32、rk in groups C.To study alone D.To do homework alone B Summer Camps for Children ZEM,Education Language Summer Camp Ages:8-14 第 25 页 You can come to this 2-week camp to learn Spanish in a good environment.There you can take part in lots of activities,such as camping,swimming and mountain-biking with
33、 Spanish children.Anglia Summer School Ages:8-19 Our summer school is something special.You can learn about stage work,such as acting,singing and dancing.As well as improving these skills you will also be able to learn about teamwork.Science Camp Ages:4-14 Our camp provides the chance for children t
34、o make discoveries.It is not only for fun but also educational.This camp has many activities in areas such as chemistry,nature,and technology.You can also do plenty of exciting science experiments here.A Rock Star Camp Ages:8-16 This camp is perfect for creating superstars.We are 第 26 页 ready to dis
35、cover and train musical children who want to become superstars.6.How many days does the Language Summer Camp last?A.7 days B.10 days C.14 days D.15 days 7.Which of the following cannot you learn in Anglia Summer School?A.Acting B.Singing C.Dancing D.Camping 8.Peter is very interested in animals.Whic
36、h summer camp do you think he should take part in?A.A Rock Star Camp B.Anglia Summer School C.Science Camp D.ZEM,Education Language Summer Camp 9.If you are fifteen years old this year,how many summer camps can you take part in?A.One B.Two C.Three D.Four 第 27 页 10.Where can you probably read this pa
37、ssage?A.In a book about childrens education B.On poster about summer activities for children C.In a magazine about superstars D.On a website about schools for children C When I was seven years old,my family made me an ant farm.First,we put clean sand in a thin glass box.Then we waited for the ants t
38、o arrive.After the ants were in the glass farm,they started to make tunnels(隧道).I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do.Each had its own job.On the fifth day a tragedy happened.I put my face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it over.All the tunnels fell down.Although the ants rema
39、ined alive after their earthquake,one by one they began to die.I was scared as I watched them give up building their tunnels to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm.第 28 页 My mother said that the ants were dying of sadness.They simply could not stand that their tunnels were gone.Although much ti
40、me has passed,I still think of that ant farm.Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world,but it taught me much more.Over the years,I came to realize the importance of teamwork.Working together,the ants were able to make an amazing world for themselves.I also learned that they should be a
41、dmired for their hard word.But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently:adversity is a natural part of life,and must be accepted.Unlike the ants,we cannot give up when we are sad.We have to realize that if a tunnel is gone,we must building another.Giving up,I say,is not
42、a good choice.11.The writers family made him an ant farm when he was_.第 29 页 A.seven years old B.seventeen years old C.seventy years old D.six years old 12.After the writer knocked over the glass farm,the ants_.A.remained alive at first,but then they began to die one by one B.were died at once C.were all right all the time D.were run away 13.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.The writer broke the glass box because it made his face dirty.B.The ants died one by one because the tunnels were destroyed.C.Unlike people,teamwork is not so important for the ants.