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1、86.098-25Maintenance.Section 86.09825 includes text that specifies requirements that differ from 86.09425. Where a paragraph in 86.09425 is identical and applicable to 86.09825, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement “Reserved. For guidance see 86.09425.”(a
2、)(1) Reserved. For guidance see 86.09425.(a)(2) Maintenance performed on vehicles, engines, subsystems, or components used to determine exhaust, evaporative or refueling emission deterioration factors is classified as either emission- related or non-emission-related and each of these can be classifi
3、ed as either scheduled or unscheduled. Further, some emission-related maintenance is also classified as critical emission-related maintenance.(b) introductory text through (b)(3)(vi)(D) Reserved. For guidance see 86.09425.(b)(3)(vi)(E) Evaporative and/or refueling emission canister(s).(F) Turbocharg
4、ers.(G) Carburetors.(H) Superchargers.(I) EGR System including all related filters and control valves.(J) Mechanical fillpipe seals.(b)(3)(vii)(b)(6)(i)(E) Reserved. For guidance see 86.09425.(b)(6)(i)(F) Evaporative and refueling emission control system components (excluding canister air filter). (
5、b)(6)(i)(G)(h) Reserved. For guidance see 86.09425.59 FR 16291, Apr. 6, 199486.152-98Vehicle preparation; refueling test.(a) Provide additional fittings and adapters, as required, to accommodate a fuel drain at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as installed on the vehicle. The canister shall
6、not be removed from the vehicle, unless access to the canister in its normal location is so restricted that purging and loading can only reasonably be accomplished by removing the canister from the vehicle. Special care shall be taken during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integr
7、ity of the fuel system. A replacement canister may be temporarily installed during the soak period while the canister from the test vehicle is preconditioned. (b) Provide valving or other means to allow the venting of the refueling vapor line to the atmosphere rather than to the refueling emissions
8、canister(s) when required by this test procedure. (c) For preconditioning that involves loading the vapor collection canister(s) with butane, provide valving or other means as necessary to allow loading of the canister(s). 59 FR 16298, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 199586.154-98M
9、easurement procedure; refueling test.(a) The refueling test measurement procedure described in this section immediately follows the vehicle and canister preconditioning described in 86.153-98. (b) The refueling emission enclosure shall be purged for several minutes immediately prior to the test. War
10、ning: If at any time the concentration of hydrocarbons, of methanol, or of methanol and hydrocarbons exceeds 15,000 ppm C, the enclosure should be immediately purged. This concentration provides a 4:1 safety factor against the lean flammability limit. (c)(1) The FID (or HFID) hydrocarbon analyzer, a
11、nd additional analyzer, if needed, shall be zeroed and spanned immediately prior to the test. (2) For methanol-fueled vehicles only, impingers charged with known volumes of pure deionized water shall be placed in the methanol sampling system. (d) If not already on, the enclosure mixing fan and the s
12、pilled fuel mixing blower shall be turned on at this time. (e) The refueling emission measurement portion of the refueling test shall be performed as follows: (1) The line from the fuel tank(s) to the refueling emissions canister(s) shall be connected. (2) The test vehicle, with the engine shut off,
13、 shall be moved into the enclosure. The test vehicle windows and luggage compartment shall be opened if not already open. (3) An electrical ground shall be attached to the vehicle. The vehicle fuel filler cap shall be removed and the enclosure door shall be closed and sealed within two minutes of ca
14、p removal. The FID (or HFID) trace shall be allowed to stabilize. (4) The dispensed fuel temperature recording system shall be started. (5)(i) Within 10 minutes of closing and sealing the doors, analyze enclosure atmosphere for hydrocarbons and record. This is the initial (time=0 minutes) hydrocarbo
15、n concentration, CHCi, required in 86.143-96. (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicles only, measure the initial concentration of methanol as described in 86.133-96(i)(6). (6) Within one minute of obtaining the initial FID (or HFID) reading, and methanol reading if applicable, the fuel nozzle shall be inse
16、rted into the filler neck of the test vehicle, to its maximum penetration, and the refueling operation shall be started. The plane of the nozzles handle shall be approximately perpendicular to the floor of the laboratory. The fuel shall be dispensed at a temperature of 671.5 F (19.40.8 C) and at a d
17、ispensing rate of 9.80.3 gal/min (37.11.1 liter/min). In testing conducted by the Administrator, a lower dispensing rate (no lower than 4.0 gal/min (15.1 liter/min) may be used. (7)(i) Partial refueling test. If the Administrator conducts the non-integrated system partial refueling test, the fuel fl
18、ow shall continue until the amount of fuel pumped is equal to the fuel consumed during the driving, as determined in accordance with 86.153-98(d)(3). The final volume of fuel dispensed must be within one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter) of the targeted amount. If automatic nozzle shut-off occurs
19、prior to this point, the nozzle shall be reactivated within 15 seconds and fuel dispensing continued as needed. A minimum of 3 seconds shall elapse between any automatic shutoff and subsequent resumption of dispensing. (ii) For all other refueling tests. The fuel flow shall continue until the refuel
20、ing nozzle automatic shut-off is activated. The amount of fuel dispensed must be at least 85 percent of nominal fuel tank volume, determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter). If automatic nozzle shut-off occurs prior to this point, the nozzle shall be reactivated within 15 seco
21、nds and fuel dispensing continued as needed. A minimum of 3 seconds shall elapse between any automatic shutoff and subsequent resumption of dispensing. Dispensing may not be manually terminated, unless the test vehicle has already clearly failed the test. (8)(i) The final reading of the evaporative
22、enclosure FID analyzer shall be taken 605 seconds following the final shut-off of fuel flow. This is the final hydrocarbon concentration, CHCf, required in 86.143-96. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the initial and final FID (or HFID) readings shall be recorded. (ii) For methanol-fueled vehicl
23、es only. Measure the final concentration of methanol as described in 86.133-96(m)(2). (9) For vehicles equipped with more than one fuel tank, the procedures described in this section shall be performed for each fuel tank. 59 FR 16299, Apr. 6, 1994, as amended at 60 FR 43898, Aug. 23, 199586.153-98Ve
24、hicle and canister preconditioning; refueling test.(a) Vehicle and canister preconditioning. Vehicles and vapor storage canisters shall be preconditioned in accordance with the preconditioning procedures for the supplemental two-diurnal evaporative emissions test specified in 86.132-96 (a) through (
25、j). For vehicles equipped with non-integrated refueling emission control systems, the canister must be loaded using the method involving butane loading to breakthrough (see 86.132-96(j)(1). (b) Seal test. The Administrator may choose to omit certain canister load and purge steps, and replace them wi
26、th a bench purge of the refueling canister(s), in order to verify the adequacy of refueling emission control system seals. Failure of this seal test shall constitute a failure of the refueling emission control test. For integrated systems, this bench purge may be performed after the exhaust testing
27、in order to obtain exhaust emission test results. Non-integrated system seal testing shall be performed using paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (1) Without the exhaust emission test. The Administrator may conduct the canister preconditioning by purging the canister(s) with at least 1200 canister bed
28、 volumes of ambient air (with humidity controlled to 5025 grains of water vapor per pound of dry air) maintained at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm directly following the preconditioning drive described in 86.132-96 (c) through (e). In this case, the canister loading procedures and the vehicle drivin
29、g procedures described in 86.132-96 (f) through (j) and in paragraphs (c) through (d) of this section shall be omitted, and the 10 minute and 60 minute time requirements of paragraph (e) of this section shall apply to time after completion of the bench purge. In the case of multiple refueling canist
30、ers, each canister shall be purged separately. (2) With the exhaust emission test. The Administrator may conduct the canister preconditioning by purging the canister(s) directly after the exhaust test (see paragraph (c)(1) of this section). The canister shall be purged with at least 1200 canister be
31、d volumes of ambient air (with humidity controlled to 5025 grains of water vapor per pound of dry air) maintained at a nominal flow rate of 0.8 cfm. In this case, the vehicle driving procedures described in paragraphs (c)(2) through (d) of this section shall be omitted, and the 10 minute and 60 minu
32、te time requirements of paragraph (e) of this section shall apply to time after completion of the bench purge. In the case of multiple refueling canisters, each canister shall be purged separately. (c) Canister purging; integrated systems. (1) Vehicles to be tested for exhaust emissions only shall b
33、e processed according to 86.135-94 through 86.137-96. Vehicles to be tested for refueling emissions shall be processed in accordance with the procedures in 86.135-94 through 86.137-96, followed by the procedures outlined in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. (2) To provide additional opportunity for
34、canister purge, conduct additional driving on a dynamometer, within one hour of completion of the hot start exhaust test, by operating the test vehicle through one UDDS, a 2 minute idle, two NYCCs, another 2 minute idle, another UDDS, then another 2 minute idle (see 86.115-78 and appendix I of this
35、part). Fifteen seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission in gear. Twenty seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule. The transmission shall be operated according to the specifications of 86.128-79 during the driving cycles. The vehic
36、les air conditioner (if so equipped) shall be turned off. Ambient temperature shall be controlled as specified in 86.151-98. It is not necessary to monitor and/or control in-tank fuel temperatures. (i) The fixed-speed fan specified in 86.135-94(b) may be used for engine cooling. If a fixed-speed fan
37、 is used, the vehicles hood shall be opened. (ii) Alternatively, the roadspeed-modulated fan specified in 86.107-96(d)(1) may be used for engine cooling. If a road-speed modulated fan is used, the vehicles hood shall be closed. (d) Canister purging; non-integrated systems. Within one hour of complet
38、ion of canister loading to breakthrough, the fuel tank(s) shall be further filled to 95 percent of nominal tank capacity determined to the nearest one-tenth of a U.S. gallon (0.38 liter) with the fuel specified in 86.113-94. During this fueling operation, the refueling emissions canister(s) shall be
39、 disconnected. Following completion of refueling, the refueling emissions canister(s) shall be reconnected. Special care shall be taken during this step to avoid damage to the components and the integrity of the fuel system. Vehicle driving to purge the refueling canister(s) shall be performed using
40、 either the chassis dynamometer procedure or the test track procedure, as described in paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section. The Administrator may choose to shorten the vehicle driving for a partial refueling test as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. For vehicles equipped with d
41、ual fuel tanks, the required volume of fuel shall be driven out of one tank, the second tank shall be selected as the fuel source, and the required volume of fuel shall be driven out of the second tank. (1) Chassis dynamometer procedure. (i) Vehicle driving on a chassis dynamometer shall consist of
42、repeated drives with the UDDS until 85 percent of fuel tank capacity has been consumed. Driving in testing performed by manufacturers may be terminated before 85 percent of the fuel tank capacity has been consumed, provided that driving is not terminated partway through a UDDS cycle. Driving in test
43、ing performed by the Administrator may be terminated after the same number of UDDS cycles as driven in the manufacturers certification testing. (ii) Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, the number of UDDSs required to consume 85 percent of tank fuel capacity (total capacity of both
44、 tanks when the vehicle is equipped with dual fuel tanks) shall be determined from the fuel economy on the UDDS applicable to the test vehicle and from the number of gallons to the nearest 0.1 gallon (0.38 liter) that constitutes 85 percent of tank volume. If this fuel consumed point occurs partway
45、through a UDDS cycle, the cycle shall be completed in its entirety. (iii) For vehicles equipped with dual fuel tanks, fuel switching from the first tank to the second tank shall occur at the 10 percent volume of the first tank regardless of the point in the UDDS cycle at which this occurs. (iv) If n
46、ecessary to accommodate work schedules, the engine may be turned off and the vehicle parked on the dynamometer. The vehicle may be parked off of the dynamometer to facilitate maintenance or repairs if required. (v) During the driving on the dynamometer, a cooling fan(s) shall be positioned as descri
47、bed in 86.135-94(b). (2) Test track procedure. (i) Vehicle driving on a test track shall consist of repeated drives with the UDDS until 85 percent of fuel tank capacity has been consumed. Driving performed by manufacturers may be terminated before 85 percent of the fuel tank capacity has been consum
48、ed, provided that driving is not terminated partway through a UDDS cycle. Driving performed by the Administrator may be terminated after the same number of UDDS cycles as driven in the manufacturers certification testing. (ii) If the distance from the emission laboratory to the test track is less th
49、an 5 miles (8.05 km) the vehicle may be driven to the test track at a speed not to exceed 25 mph. If the distance is greater than 5 miles (8.05 km) the vehicle shall be moved to the test track with the engine off. (iii) Except with the advance approval of the Administrator, the number of UDDSs required to consume 85 percent of tank fuel capacity (t