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1、第四讲名词与主谓一致限定词及谓语动词的形式是确定名词单复数的关键 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用1(2017全国卷)She has turned down several _(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.invitations 解析：invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。2(2017浙江卷6 月)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a
2、 handful of small _(carrot)and was about to throw them away.carrots 解析：carrot是可数名词，根据a handful of“一把”可知，应用复数形式。3(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed.days 解析：every few 可数名词复数，意为“每隔”。4(2017郑州第三次质量预测)Now I m feeling regretful and d
3、isturbed.I m not sure whether a computer s repair shop can get the documents back._computerscomputer解析：考查名词，computer 在此为名词作定语。5(2017洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around,I ran away immediately._ neighbor neighbor s解析：考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词 window。通关点击 _ 原则这样解读1不定冠词a，an 后用名
4、词单数形式。2有 some，many，all，both 等词修饰时名词用复数形式。3名词前有one of时，名词用复数形式。4谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数。5名词的所有格：主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：构成例词一般是名词词尾加sMikes computer迈克的电脑以-s 或-es 结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加students reading room学生阅览室词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词，仍加schi ldren s game 孩子们的游戏Women s Day 妇女节6.熟记名词的数：(1)可数名词的数可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单
5、数形式词尾后加-s 或-es，规则的复数构成形式如下：变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-stable tablespark parks 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es busbusesboxboxes wish wishes watchwatches 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y 变为-i再加-esfamily familiesbutterflybutterflies dictionarydictionaries 以元音字母加-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sdaydaysholidayholidays monkeymonkeys 以-o 结尾的名词一般在词尾加-sp
6、hotophotosradio radios 有些在词尾加-espotato potatoestomato tomatoes 以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为-v，再加-esknife kniveswife wiveslifelives leaf leaves 少数直接加-sroof roofsbeliefbeliefs 有些名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es 构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：变化规则例词变内部元音man menwoman womenfoot feetmouse micetooth teeth词尾加-en或-renoxoxenchild children单复数同形fi
7、sh，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法)，series,Chinese,Swiss 名词前有man或 woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。man doctor men doctors男医生woman worker women workers 女工(2)不可数名词的数一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a 或 an 修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的名词有：milk，music，homework，housework，weather,news,butter,information，bread，advice，progr
8、ess，orange juice(橙汁)，equipment，meat，fun，luggage，luck，work(工作),traffic,furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room(空间)，man(人类)等。word 意为“消息”，room 意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday.有消息称会议将于周五召开。名词的词性转换冠、代、介词首先看 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用1(2017全国卷)This development was onlypossible with
9、 the _(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.introduction 解析：空格前是冠词，空格后是of 所有格，故此处用名词形式。2(2016全 国卷)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract)attraction 解析：根据前面的its及形容词 top“头等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名词形式。3(2016全国卷)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you ll feel a real sense of _(
10、achieve)achievement 解析：介词 of 后应用名词作宾语。此处 achievement 表抽象意义，意为“成就感”，故用单数形式。4(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C.,influenced the _(develop)of chopsticks.development 解析：根据空格前面的the 可知，所填词应用名词形式。通关点击 _ 原则这样解读1根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作
11、主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。2根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。3填名词时，一定要注意单复数及拼写。主谓一致语法、意义、就近原则统筹看 示之以范 _ 原则这样运用1 (2017天 津 卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.is regarded 解析：三种锻炼形式与动词regard 之间为被动关
12、系，应用被动语态；主语后有 along with连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与cycling一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is regarded。2(2016全国卷)Leav ing the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.is 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中动名词短语leaving the less important things until tomorrow 作主语，故谓语动词用单数。3(2017福建福州八中高三质检)As the saying go,“United we stan
13、d;divided we fall.”_gogoes解析：句中的主语是the saying，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4(2017浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was._ waswere解析：在where 引导的宾语从句中，主语是her desk and her computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。5(2017吉林长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most consi
14、derate person who know exactly what I need in our class._ know knows解析：know 是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词person 确定。由于person 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。6(2017甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language,mostly English,from Day One of their compulsory education._ learn learns解析：主语是each student，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。通关点击 _ 原
15、则这样解读(一)主谓一致的基础“3 原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。1语法一致原则(1)主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroa
16、d last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。My father,together with his workmates,has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。(2)and,both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人
17、兼作家写出了许多作品。2就近一致原则(1)由 or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由 there，here 引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs,a desk and a computer in the ro
18、om.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。3意义一致原则(1)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音
19、乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。(二)主谓一致的3 种特殊情况1“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。2all，the rest，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。3“几
20、分之几/百分之几 of 名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of 后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3 值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。,学生用书 P24)单句语法填空1(2017贵州适应性考试)If we are not aware of these differences,some unusual _(thing)might happen.things 解析：考查名词的数。根据该句中的so
21、me可知，可数名词thing应用复数形式。2(2017武汉武昌区调研)Driven by the _(curious)in my heart,I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假)along part of the river last year.curiosity 解析：考查名词。curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the 可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。3(2017重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)Nothing I did seemed to make any _(differen
22、t).“It can t be the fuel，”I thought.difference 解析：考查名词。make any difference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”。4(2017福建省高三质检)“Alaya,you dont have to do this if you dont want to.Nobody is forcing you.”Though I said I wasn t going to do it,my _(foot)carried me toward the pool.feet 解析：考查名词复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。5(201
23、7浙江嘉兴基础测试)Portmans educational background has influenced one of her _(project)projects 解析：one of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“之一”，故填projects。6(2017湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor _(be)involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.was 解析：句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般
24、过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。7(2017浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考)Computer game _(design)often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing.designers 解析：根据句意可知此处表示“电子游戏的设计者”，同时根据谓语动词create可知，需用复数形式，故填designers。8(2017河北石家庄二中联考)I would appreciate it if you could take me into _(consider).Looking forward
25、to receiving your reply.consideration 解析：句意：如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into后需加名词形式。此处take.into consideration(考虑到)为固定短语。9(2017湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty,which _(be)of great help.is 解析：句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的ha
26、s donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。10(2017湖南师大附中月考)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture,and he as well as his assistants _(be)to arrive by air.is 解析：句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。单句改错1(2017福建福州十三中期中考试)About one thousand graduates took exams
27、for it,but only a few was chosen and I was one of them._ 第一个 waswere解析：根据主语only a few可知，谓语动词用复数形式。2(2017广东汕头高三质检)Friendship is very important to everyone,especially to me.Now,I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou._ areis解析：考查主谓一致。whose引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。3(
28、2 017武汉武昌区调研)Considering my case,my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short-term goal to improve my math._ approachapproaches解析：考查名词的数。approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。4(2017长沙一模)When the boy sang a song with his guitar,all the judge were astonished by hi
29、s talent._ judge judges解析：考查名词的数。根据该句中的all和谓语动词were 可知，所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶，故用复数形式。5(2017云南11 校区调研)What was worse,many tourists threw rubbishes here and there._ rubbishes rubbish解析：考查名词。rubbish作“垃圾”讲，为不可数名词。6(2017广东七校联考)Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction,like the Great Wall._ attraction
30、attractions解析：考查名词的数。attraction作“吸引人之物”讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的some可知，此处指多个旅游景点，故用复数形式。7(2017湖北武汉高三调考)We were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs._ funs fun解析：fun 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8(2017安徽合肥八中第一次段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel._ minutemin
31、utes解析：minute 前面有数词30 修饰，应用复数形式。短文改错(2017安徽合肥高三质检)Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work.It causes more traffic jam and accidents.As the student,what can we do to guarantee our safe?First of all,the traffic rules must be strict obeyed.When we cross streets,wait until t
32、he traffic light turn green.Next,dont forget walk on the pavement.Finally,I think it very dangerously to wear headphones while walking or cycling.Since we cant pay enough attention on the traffic around us,so accidents may happen.Taking good care of ourselves and dont let our parents worry about us.
33、答案：Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work.It causes more traffic jamjams and accidents.As thea student,what can we do to guarantee our safesafety？First of all,the traffic rules must be strictstrictly obeyed.When we cross streets,wait until the traffic light turnturns green.Next,dont forget to walk on the pavement.Finally,I think it very dangerouslydangerous to wear headphones while walking or cycling.Since we cant pay enough attention onto the traffic around us,soaccidents may happen.TakingTakegood care of ourselves and dont let our parents worry about us.