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1、 同等学力英语翻译写作讲义 同等学力英语翻译写作讲义 第四章 翻译局部 （一）汉译英局部 1. 汉语推断句“是的”构造 英文主系表构造“am, is, are” 关系动词分为：现状关系动词和结果关系动词。 1、现状关系动词：be, appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, remain, keet, stay 等。 2 、 结果关系动词：become, come, end up, prove, get, go, grow, turn, turn out 等。 句型构造 主语（s ） 连系动词 v 主语补语（表语 c/a ） It appear
2、s the only solution. 名词+名词 Beijing seems a pleasant city. Willian is my friend. 名词+形容词 The girl became very restless. The girl seemed very restless. 名词+介词/副词 The party will be at nine./downstairs. It looked As if he had seen a ghost 汉语推断句的翻译方式： 1、汉语“是.的”翻译成为英语的“am,is,are”系表构造，例如： 这本书是我的。The book is
3、mine. This is my book. 他老家在山东。He is from Shandong. 这花真香。The flower smells sweet. 银是自然存在的。Silver occurs native. 2 、汉语“是.的”翻译成为英语的“S V O/A”主谓+宾语或状语的构造，例如： 他老家在山东。He comes from Shandong. 这本书是我的。The book belongs to me. 这机器出毛病了。Something has gone wrong with the machine./out of work. 3、汉语非“是.的”翻译成为英语的“am,
4、is,are”系表构造+介词短语或状语分句，例如： The party will be at nine. 聚会将在 9 点进行。 He is at books. 他正在学习。 We are against terrorism. 我们反对恐惧主义。 介词的特别用法 举 例 表 示 否 定 against; 1 Public opinion is against the plan 舆论不利于这个规划。 off, beyond 2 Her talk is off the point 她的话不切题。 3 The rumour is beyond belief（The rumour can“t be b
5、elieved ）这个谣传不行信。 地 址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 19 号北京外国语大学外研大厦北楼 2107室 第 131 页 电 话：010-88819936、88819729 网 址： 表示被动 1 The building is under con struction（The building is being constructed ） under, at, 这栋大楼正在兴建。 2 While I am away ，my typewriter will be at your proposal 在我离开期间，我的打字机由你使用。 表 示 比 较 over 1 We had many
6、advantages over them我们和他们相比有很多优越的地方。 above ， below ， beneath 2 You are far above me in every way 你在各方面都比我强得多。 表示让步 In spite of 1 For all its hardness，metal can be changed into liquid at high temperature /despite,For all/with all 金属虽然很硬，但在高温下可以变成液体。 2 The match took place as scheduled despite the bad
7、 weather 尽管天气不好，竞赛还是如期进行。 表示状态 1 To be in / out of danger 处于危急/脱离危急 in/into,out of; 2 To be out of job 失业 3 He got into difficulties/toruble/deb/fight. 他陷入逆境/麻烦/债务/搏斗 缘由理由 because of, The survirors were weak for exposure and lack of food. for;from; 这些幸存者因日晒雨淋和食物缺少而身体虚弱. 地 址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 19 号北京外国语大学外研
8、大厦北楼 2107室 第 132 页 电 话：010-88819936、88819729 网 址： 2. 汉语兼并式构造翻译 汉语的兼并式构造“把、将、让”和英语的复合式宾语构造“have/get/make sb do sth” 翻译方法： （1）汉语的兼并式“把、将、让”翻译成英语的简单宾语动词“have,get,make” 简单宾语动词：动词+宾语+宾语补足语（名词/形容词/介词/非限定动词） 例如：hold, keep, leave;call, confess, report; like, want, wish; believe, consider, find, think, ;driv
9、e, get, make, have;hear,see,watch;catch, discover, find; （2 ）汉语的兼并式“把、将、让”翻译成英语的双宾语动词“give, hand, pass” 双宾动词：动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 例如：give, bring, show, teach, make, hand; pay to/with ,provide for/with ,serve to/with ; accuse of, convict of, protect form, remind of; For instance ： 1、 动身前，他们早把一切都预备好了。 They h
10、ad got everything ready long before it was time to start off. 2 、 咱们可以将他们请来，商议商议。 Let us invite him to come over and discuss it. 3、 纵有在大的困难，也得把这一工程进展究竟。 We must carry the project through to the end no matter what difficulties we may come across. 4 、 请把巧克力盒子递给我好吗？ Pass me the chocolate box,please. 5、
11、 昨晚她叫人把衣服全洗净了。 He had all his clothes washed last night. Get For Instance *到达某状态 *get angry, bored, hungry, worried, etc 发怒、 生厌、 饥饿、 担心 或状况; 变得 * get fat, fit, thinner, etc 发胖、 安康、 变瘦 * It/The weather is getting colder. 天气渐冷. We ought to go; it“s getting late. 我们该走了, 天越来越晚了 *使自己处於 到达或使处 某状态或情 *get d
12、ressed/undressed, ie put one“s clothes on/take one“s clothes off 穿上脱下衣服 於某状态或 况 They plan to get married in the summer. 他们准备夏天结婚. 状况 *使（某人某 Don“t get your new trousers dirty! 别把你的新裤子弄脏! 事物成为 Don“t let the incident get you upset. 别为这事苦恼. Do you think you“ll get the work finished on time? 你认为你的工作可以如期完
13、成吗? 使（某人某事 Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能让那辆旧汽车再跑起来? 物 ）做某事 It“s not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 使某事发生 让他说话不难, 难的是说开了止不住他! 使 , 说 服 . I couldn“t get the car to start ie make it start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来. （某人某事 He got ie persuaded his sister to help h
14、im with his homework. 物 ）做某事 他说服他姐姐帮他做家庭作业. Make For Instance sth from/ out of sth ; sth make a car, a dress, a cake 制造汽车、 做连衣裙、 做蛋糕 for sb （用材 make bread, cement, wine 做面包、 制水泥、 酿葡萄酒 make ie manufacture 建筑或制造 料或零件）做、 paper 造纸 制作、 制造、 This car wasn“t made ie is not big enough to carry eight people.
15、建筑或制造某 这辆汽车不是坐八个人的. 物 地 址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 19 号北京外国语大学外研大厦北楼 2107室 第 133 页 电 话：010-88819936、88819729 网 址： sth into sth 将 （材料或零件） Glass is made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子 做成或制成某 物 （借打破、撕 破、 移去材料 The stone made a dent in the roof of my car. 我的汽车顶让石头砸了个坑. 或敲击）使（某 The holes in the cloth were made by moths. 布上的洞是虫
16、子蛀的. 物）消失, 形成: *制定（某事物）; * These regulations were made to protect children. 这些规章是为爱护儿童而制定的. 规定: * 写 , 创 作 , 准 * She has made ie directed ?I several films. 她已导演了几部影片. 备（某事物）: I“ll ask my solicitor to make a deed of transfer. 我要找律师拟一份让据书. * 铺（床） * Please make your beds before breakfast. 请在早饭前把床铺好. 产 生
17、 , 引 起 （ 某 make a noise, disturbance, mess 产生噪音、 骚乱、 混乱 She“s always making 事物） trouble for her friends . 她总（给朋友）惹麻烦 使（某人某事 The news made her happy. 这消息使她很快乐.She made clear her objections/made it 物 ）成为, 变 clear that she objected to the proposal. 她明确表示反对此提案. 为, 变成, 变得: * 强迫 , 迫使 （某人）做某事 * They made m
18、e repeat/I was made to repeat the story. 他们逼我又把那事讲了一遍. 使变为., 做.或 物 * She must be made to comply with the rules. 必需强迫她遵守这些规章 显得 * 使（某人某 .* Onions make your eyes water. 洋葱能刺激眼睛流泪. 事物 ）做某事 Her jokes made us all laugh. 她说的笑话把我们都逗乐. 物: 使（某人某事 You“ve made my nose too big, eg in a drawing or painting. 你把我的
19、鼻子画得太大 物 ）表现出某 了. The novelist makes his heroine commit suicide at the end of the book. 状况: Invite For instance * sb to/for sth （朋友般地）邀请, 约请 *Are you coming to the party?“ No, I haven“t been invited.“ 你来参与聚会吗? 不, 我没有受到邀请. invite sb for/to dinner/to have dinner 请某人吃饭 invite sb home/to one“s house 邀请某
20、人到家中作客 Candidates will be invited for interview early next month. * （正式地）邀请, 约请 下月初将约请候选人面试. I“ve been invited to give a talk at the conference. 我已受邀在大会上发言. sth from sb 恳求、 要求或徵求（意见、 建议等） After his speech he invited questions and comments from the audience . 他讲完话后请听众提问题和意见. 引 起 , 招 致 （ 坏 的 事 物 ）（ 通
21、常 并 非 本 意 ） Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble! 汽车不锁上纯粹 是自找麻烦! Cover the jam! It“s sure to invite the wasps. 盖 上 果 酱 瓶 ! 要不准得招黄蜂. 吸 引 （ 某 人 某 事 物 ） ; 引 诱 Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗户不关如同开门揖盗. Carry For instance *携带, 搬运, 传送, 运送（某 *carry shopping, a suitcas
22、e, a rucksack, etc 携带著购置的东西、 手提箱、 背包等 人某物 ） a train carrying commuters to and from work 运送通勤者上下班的火车 The car had carried him 500 miles before it broke down. 汽车载著他行驶了 500 英里以后抛锚了. She carried her baby in her arms. 她怀抱著婴儿. He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在竞赛中撞断了腿而被抬走. Seed
23、s can be carried for longdistances by the wind. 种子能被风传送得很远. The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了. *指管道、金属丝等）输送, 传 *a pipeline carrying oil 输油管 导（水、 电流等） The veins carry blood to the heart. 静脉把血液输送进心脏. 使（某事物）延长至某一点或 The war was carried into enemy territory. 战斗已伸展到敌方领土. 向某一方向 His a
24、bility carried him to the top of his profession. 他有才能能在本行业中首屈一指. He carries modesty to extremes, ie is too modest. 他虚心得过分. 地 址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 19 号北京外国语大学外研大厦北楼 2107室 第 134 页 电 话：010-88819936、88819729 网 址： 3. 汉语连动式构造翻译 汉语连动式“动词+动词”和英语的主从构造“动词+非限定动词”相关系。 汉语连动式：分句动词数量在两个以上，并列使用，主语只有一个。 英语主从构造：主句使用限定动词充当分句
25、谓语，从句使用非限定动词充当补充成分。 单 词 并 列 短 语 并 列 附属连词并列 分句并列 And Peter ate the fruit and David was born, lived, and He asked to be transferred, I washed the drank the beer died in the city of Beijing. because he was unhappy, he dishes and then I 皮特吃水果和啤酒。 大卫诞生在北京，居住在 saw no rospect, and he would dried them. 北 京
26、， 过 逝 在 北 京 。 be better at the other place 我洗盘子之后把 .他要求转变工作，由于他不开 他们凉干。 心，由于他没有看到任何希 望，由于 他会更优秀在别地方 Or Are you working or on Did he speke for the first The bulb was faulty,because the You can boil （alternativ holiday? motion or against it. battery may be disconneected, yourself an egg or ely ， else,
27、 你今日是上班还是休 他支持第一个建议，或反 the connection may be loose, you can make 增 加 语 气 息 ？ 对 它 ？ or. some sandwices. 电 灯 泡坏了，由于电池连接的 你可以给自己煮 不好，或者连接有问题。 个鸡旦或者做个 三明治吃。 But yet 常 They applauded not the Good cooking can I spoke to him after the John is poor, but 用在 not , players but the referee. disguise but cannot
28、conference was over, but before she is happy. not only 后 他们鼓掌欢送不是运 improe the quality of the he started. 约翰很贫困，但是 动 员 而 是 裁 判 。 ingredients. 我我他谈话在会开完之后，但 他很欢乐。 水 平 高 烹 饪 可 以 掩 盖 原 在他开头工作之前。 料，但不能提高原料质量 Eitheror That must be Johns You must either stand up The bulb was faulty,either Either the room i
29、s writing or Davids or sit down. because the battery may be too small or the 那个确定是约翰或者 你必需站起来或者坐下。 disconnected, or the connection piano is too large. 大卫的。. may be loose. 要不就是屋子太 电 灯 泡坏了，要不就是由于电 小或者钢琴太大 池 连 接的不好，或者连接有问 了。 题。 Neirther nor Neither John nor David David neither loves Joan, 同上 Sam never
30、has won a prize. nor wants to marry her. long hair, nor does 约翰和大卫都没有赢 大卫既不爱琼也不想和 he wear jeans. 得 胜 利 。 他 结 婚 。 赛姆从来不梳长 头发，也不穿牛仔 裤。 Mary was neither happy, nor was she sad. Not only the students, He didnt come to help, 同上 They not only Not only . but some of the staff but to hinder us. broke into h
31、is but also have voted for the 他 不 是 来 帮 我 的 而 是 来 office, but they change. 阻 止 我 的 。 also tore up his 不仅学生们员工也投 They not only broke into paper. 票支持转变。 his office , but they They keep cows and also tore up his papers. sheep, but only a few 他们不仅破门而入，而且 chickens. 还把他的论文撕了。 他们饲养奶牛，绵羊， 但很少些鸡。 Bothand Bo
32、th David and Joan David both loves Joan and got divorced. wants to marry her. 大卫和约翰都离婚了。 大卫和约翰都想结婚。 地 址：北京市海淀区西三环北路 19 号北京外国语大学外研大厦北楼 2107室 第 135 页 电 话：010-88819936、88819729 网 址： 4. 汉语中重复词语和重复构造的翻译方法 一、中文重复- 英文全部重复 （1） 我不情愿白吃百喝，我不是占廉价的人。I wouldnt freeload, Im not a freeloader. 二、中文重复- 英文局部重复 1、使用代词替
33、代中文的重叠词：替代词和指代词。 （1） 这个试验室比我们昨天做试验的那个试验室宽阔光明多了。 This lab is much larger and brighter than the one in which we did our experiment yesterday. （ 2 ） 幸 福 在 于 自 知 拥 有 幸 福 。 Happiness lies in the consciousness we have of it. （3 ） If you had a nest egg, you wouldnt feel so worried at a time like this. 假如你手
34、头上有点积蓄，你也不会这个时候如此焦急。 （4 ） 杰克还没找到工作，这是他昨天告送我的。 Jack hasnt found a job yet. He told me so yesterday. 互指关系的指代词： 1）人称代词：he, she, it, they ;her;them; 2 ）物主代词：his, her, my, their, our; 3 ）反身代词：himself, herself, themselves; 4 ）指示代词：this, that, these, those; 5 ）地点，时间副词：here, there;then; 替代关系的替代词： 1）不定代词：som
35、e, any, none, either, neither, few, many ,much, several, enough, each, all; 2 ）指示代词：that, those; 3 ）替 代 词：do , do it, do that, so; 2 、使用省略手段削减中文的重叠词： （1）教育要面对社会，面对世界，面对将来。 Education must be geared to the needs of the world, society and future. （2 ）经过一再考虑，我认为不必留下，他则需要留下。 After careful consideration I decided that I neednt stay, but he had to. （3 ）英国不同意，丹麦，葡萄牙，西班牙，爱尔兰也都不同意。 Brit