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1、高一化学必修一化学方程式总结1、钠及其化合物的转化关系Na2O2HCl=2NaCl H2O 2Na2HCl=2NaCl H2Na2O2H=2NaH2O 2Na2H=2NaH22Na2O24HCl=4NaCl O2 2H2O 4NaO2=2Na2O 2Na2O24H+=4Na+O2 2H2O 2Na2H2O=2NaOH H2 2NaO2Na2O2 2Na2H2O=2Na+2OHH2Na2OH2O=2NaOH 2Na2O2 2H2O=4NaOH O2Na2OH2O=2Na2OH2Na2O2 2H2O=4Na 4OH O2Na2OCO2=Na2CO3 2Na2O22CO2=2Na2CO3O22NaO
2、H CO2=Na2CO3H2O Na2CO3Ca(OH)2=CaCO3+2NaOH 2OHCO2=CO32H2O CO32Ca2=CaCO3NaOHCO2=NaHCO3 Na2CO3 H2OCO2=2NaHCO3OHCO2=HCO3CO32 H2OCO2=2HCO3 2NaHCO3Na2CO3H2OCO2 或NaHCO3 NaOH=Na2CO3H2O HCO3OH=CO32 H2O Na2CO3 2HCl=2NaCl H2OCO2NaHCO3HCl=NaCl H2OCO2CO322H=H2OCO2HCO3H=H2OCO2补充：石灰水中加入少量NaHCO3：Ca(OH)2NaHCO3=CaCO3
3、 NaOHH2O Ca2OHHCO3=CaCO3 H2O 石灰水中加入过量NaHCO3：Ca(OH)2 2NaHCO3=CaCO3 Na2CO32H2O Ca22OH2HCO3=CaCO3 CO32+2H2O 2、铝及其化合物的转化关系NaCl Na NaOH Na2CO3NaHCO3NaCl Na2O Na2O2Al Al2O3A l(O H)3KAl(SO4)2NaAlO2AlCl32Al 6HCl=2AlCl33H24Al 3O22Al2O3 2Al 6H=2Al33H2 2Al 2NaOH 2H2O=2NaAlO23H2Al2O36HCl=2AlCl33H2O 2Al 2OH2H2O=
4、2AlO23H2Al2O36H=2Al33H2O Al2O32NaOH=2NaAlO2H2O AlCl3 3NH3 H2O=Al(OH)3 3NH4Cl Al2O32OH=2AlO2H2O Al33NH3 H2O=Al(OH)3 3NH4Al(OH)33HCl=AlCl33H2O 2Al(OH)3Al2O33H2O Al(OH)33H=Al33H2O NaAlO2HCl H2O=Al(OH)3 NaCl 或 NaAlO22H2O CO2=Al(OH)3 NaHCO3AlO2HH2O=Al(OH)3AlO22H2O CO2=Al(OH)3 HCO3 Al(OH)3NaOH=NaAlO22H2O
5、Al33H2OAl(OH)3胶体 3HAl(OH)3OH=AlO22H2O 明矾净水AlCl3 4NaOH=NaAlO23NaCl2H2O Al3 4OH=AlO22H2O 3、铁及其化合物的转化关系Fe3O44CO3Fe4CO23Fe4H2O(g)高温Fe3O44H2Fe2HCl=FeCl2H2或 3Fe2O2点燃Fe3O4Fe2H=Fe2H22Fe3Cl2点燃2FeCl3 2FeCl2Cl2=2FeCl3 Fe2FeCl3=3FeCl22Fe2Cl2=2Fe32ClFe2Fe3=3Fe2FeCl2 2NaOH=Fe(OH)2 2NaCl Fe(OH)22HCl=FeCl22H2O Fe22
6、OH=Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)22H=Fe22H2O 4Fe(OH)2O22H2O=4Fe(OH)3FeCl33NaOH=Fe(OH)3 3NaCl 白色沉淀迅速变成灰绿色，最后变成红褐色Fe33OH=Fe(OH)3Fe(OH)33HCl=FeCl33H2O Fe33H2OFe(OH)3胶体 3H(净水)Fe(OH)33H=Fe33H2O 2Fe(OH)3Fe2O33H2O Fe2O36HCl=2FeCl33H2O FeCl33KSCN=Fe(SCN)33KCl Fe2O36H=2Fe33H2O Fe3 3SCN=Fe(SCN)3Fe3O4Fe FeCl2Fe(OH)2Fe(SCN)3FeC
7、l3Fe(OH)3Fe2O3 文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:
8、CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O
9、9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:
10、CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O
11、9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:
12、CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O
13、9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O94、硅及其化合物的转化关系SiO2SiO2SiO22C高温Si2CO SiO24HF=SiF4 2H2O（刻蚀玻璃）Si4HF=SiF4 2H2SiO2CaO高温CaSiO3 SiO22NaOH=Na2SiO3H2O SiO2CaCO3高温CaSiO3CO2SiO22OH=SiO32H2O Na2SiO32HCl=H2SiO3
14、2NaCl SiO2Na2CO3高温Na2SiO3CO2SiO322H=H2SiO3 Na2SiO3H2OCO2=H2SiO3Na2CO3或 Na2SiO32H2O2CO2=H2SiO32NaHCO3SiO32H2OCO2=H2SiO3 CO32或 SiO322H2O2CO2=H2SiO3 2HCO3H2SiO32NaOH=Na2SiO32H2O H2SiO3H2OSiO2H2SiO32OH=SiO322H2O 5、氯及其化合物的转化关系 2Fe3Cl2点燃2FeCl3 CuCl2点燃CuCl2 2FeCl3Cu=2FeCl2CuCl22Fe3Cu=2Fe2Cu2 H2Cl2 2HCl MnO
15、24HCl(浓)MnCl2Cl2 2H2O MnO24H2ClMn2Cl2 2H2O Cl2 H2O=HCl HClO 2HClO 2HCl O2Cl2H2O=HClHClO 2HClO 2H2ClO2 Cl2 2NaOH=NaCl NaClO H2O 2Cl22Ca(OH)2=CaCl2Ca(ClO)22H2O Cl22OH=ClClOH2O 工业制漂白粉 Ca(ClO)2H2O CO2=CaCO3 2HClO 或 Ca(ClO)22HCl=CaCl22HClO Ca22ClOH2O CO2=CaCO3 2HClO 或 ClOH=HClO 漂白粉的漂白原理向漂白粉溶液中通入过量的CO2：Ca
16、(ClO)22H2O2CO2=Ca(HCO3)22HClO ClO H2OCO2=HCO3HClO Na2SiO3SiF4Si SiO2H2SiO3CaSiO3CuCl2HClO HCl Cl2FeCl3NaClO Ca(ClO)2点燃或光照光照光照文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y
17、2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V
18、3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y
19、2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V
20、3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y
21、2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V
22、3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O96、硫及其化合物的转化关系 SO2点燃SO2 2H2SSO2=3S2H2O SO2 O2催化剂加热2SO3 S
23、O3 H2O=H2SO4SO2CaOCaSO3或SO2Ca(OH)2=CaSO3 H2O SO3CaO=CaSO4SO2Ca22OH=CaSO3 H2O SO3Ca(OH)2=CaSO4H2O 2CaSO3O22CaSO4 SO2Cl2 2H2O=H2SO4 2HCl Cu2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4 SO2 2H2O SO2Cl22H2O=4HSO422ClCu2H2SO4(浓)Cu2SO42SO22H2O C2H2SO4(浓)CO2 2SO2 2H2O 7、氮及其化合物的转化关系 N2O22NO 2NOO2=2NO2 3NO2 H2O=2HNO3 NO 3NO2H2O=2H2NO3 NO
24、以上三个反应为“雷雨发庄稼”原理扩展反应有：4NO2 O22H2O=4HNO34NO3O22H2O=4HNO3 Cu4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO3)22NO2 2H2O上面两个反应主要用于气体溶于水时的计算Cu4H2NO3=Cu22NO2 2H2O 或 4HNO3 4NO2+O2+2H2O C4HNO3(浓)CO2 2NO2 2H2O 浓硝酸见光易变黄的原因 3Cu8HNO3(稀)=3Cu(NO3)22NO 4H2O N23H2催化剂高温高压2NH33Cu8H2NO3=3Cu22NO 4H2O 合成氨反应是人工固氮的主要途径NH3 HCl=NH4Cl NH4Cl NH3 HCl NH3 H=N
25、H4（水溶液中）补充：NH4HCO3NH3+H2O+CO2氨气与酸均能反应生成铵盐，且与挥发性酸铵盐受热都易分解，但并不是所有的铵盐（如浓 HCl、浓 HNO3）相遇时空气中有白烟都分解出氨气，如NH4NO3、(NH4)2SO4 NH4ClNaOH NaCl NH3 H2O NH4OHNH3 H2O 所有的铵盐都能与碱作用放出氨气，可利用此反应鉴别铵离子。2NH4Cl2Ca(OH)2CaCl22NH3 2H2O 实验室制氨气，此反应为固体反应，不能写成离子方程式。4NH35O2催化剂4NO6H2O 氨的催化氧化反应，工业制硝酸的第一步。注：带“”的反应为重要反应，必须熟记；带“”的反应只需了解
26、。S SO2SO3H2SO4CaSO3CaSO4氯水Cu C N2NH3NH4Cl NO NO2HNO3高温或放电光照文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文
27、档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y
28、1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文
29、档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y
30、1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文
31、档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9文档编码:CQ3U2O8J4Y2 HS9Y1V2O9N3 ZR9O7V3L6O9