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1、英国文学史资料 British Writers and WorksI.Old English Literature & The Late Medieval AgesvBeowulf 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homers Iliad a
2、nd OdysseyGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 1340(?)140()(首创“双韵体,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿(John Dryden )称其 为“英国诗歌之父。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time inEnglish literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,/ 的 )realistic picture of the Englishsociety of his time and cre
3、ated a whole gallery of vivid characters from al I walks of life. ( A)A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writingstyle: wisdom, humor, humanity.vTheCanterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集:first time to usebheroic couplet(双韵体)by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德(3) The House of Fame声誉之宫Mediev
4、alAges popular Literary form:Romance(传奇故事)Famous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfIIThe Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance, a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14,h to the
5、 16th century,beginning inItaly in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It is a revival of classical(Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.The most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.Edmund Spenser 埃徳蒙斯宾塞 15521599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人 ”。)The poetsJ poe
6、t. The first to be buried in the Poets comer of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for ahe poets poef? ( B )A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beautyD. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)T
7、he theme is not “Arms and the man, but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfullloves”.A rtistic featu res:Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentametenand last line in iambic hexameter.（2）爱情小唱2. Thomas More 托马斯莫尔 14
8、787535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 1561 1626（哲学家、散文家;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。） Philosopher,scientist, lay the foundation for modem science . The first English essayist. Writing s” brevity, compactness&powerfulness,well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions,
9、metaphors and philosophy tomans reason.Advancementof Learning学术的推进Essays随笔（famousquotas: Of studies）The theme of Of Studies, uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗马洛 !564-1595“University Wits,the pioneer o
10、f English drama （完善 了 无韵体诗。） Blank, verve:written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to with his“mighty lines （ D ）A.the Petrarchan sonnetB. sestinaC.terza rimaD. blank verseThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮上徳博士的悲剧（根据徳国民间故事书 写成）Tam bu rlai ne帖木耳大帝TheJew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6.
11、WilliamShakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays:Henry VI;FourComedies:As You Like It皆大欢喜;Much Ado About Nothing无事生非:A Midsummer NightS Dream仲夏夜之梦;Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet : 154 （ 37 pl ay s, 2n arrat i ve poens,154 sonne
12、ts）Three quatrain and one couplet,abab cdcd, efief, gg.A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameterrestricted to a definition rhyme scheme.Ill The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16087674（诗人、政论家;失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。 ）Epics:Paradise Lost失乐园 复乐园Dramatiepoem: 力士参孙vAreopagitica
13、论出版自由The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure thesuflfering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程,宗教寓言,被
14、誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上 里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学 杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人）Religionary Allegory:IVThe 18th Century： Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了 资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一 时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（抑制情感 ）a
15、nd accuracyThe Age of En ligh ten men t/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16thcentries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason（rationality）,equality&science（the 18th century）小说崛起: In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modemEnglish novel rised（reali
16、stic novel 现实主义小说）G0c。ye/（哥特式、说）： mystery, horror, castles（from middle partto the end of century）1. Alexander Pope 亚历山大蒲柏 16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体/“ heroic couplets。词句整、 精练、富有哲理性。）As arepresentative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism toEngland.Eg. Among
17、the representatives of theEnlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? （ C ）A .John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan SwiftvAn Essayon Criticism批评论Artistic features:1 .Using “heroic couplets”Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记Moral Essays道徳论Essay on Man人论The Dunc
18、iad愚人记2. Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔约翰逊 17091784Dictionary =A Dictionary of English Language英语大词典3. Jonathanswift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist） Gullivers Travels格列佛游记（fictional work）Fourparts:Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛A Modest Proposal个小小的建议The Battle of Books
19、书战A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福 1661731（小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular,and he is the founder of realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of
20、 the human laborand the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into ashrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how hegoes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles tolive for 24-years
21、there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.Moll Flanders（3） 5. Henry Fielding 亨利菲尔丁 !707-1754 （英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”He is called u Father of English novel” . He was the first towrite a u Comic epic in prose”（散文体史诗），and the first to give the modem novel its structure and style. novels:The
22、 History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆琼斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫安德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生威尔德Amelia爱米利亚 plays:一七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯1730 1774poems:The Traveller旅游人 The Deserted Village荒村novel: 造谣学校8. William
23、Blake 威廉布莱克 17577827Songs of Innocence天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye.Songs of Experience经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and re pression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oi ole nee The Marr
24、iage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 17591796The greatestScottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗John Anderson, My Jo约翰安徳生,我的爱人A Red, Red Rose朵红红的玫瑰Auld Long Syne往昔时光 A Mans a Man for AThat不管那套我的心在那高原上 V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic p
25、eriod began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges, and end in 1832 withSir Walter Scotts death.Romanticistn:. emphasize the specialqualitie of eachindividuals mind.(人丿该是独立 自 由 的个 体)Init, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world ofsocial civilization to t
26、he inner world of the human spirit, poetry should befree from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic)and Walter Scott(romantic).“The Lake湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth: Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert
27、Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 1771850 Lyrical Ballads)抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)Theme: l.Natureembodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him“strength and knowledge fullof peace1 .It isbliss to recoiled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in
28、solitude. Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on thebeauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovelydaffodils(水仙 )and poets philosophical ideas andmystical thoughts.Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintem AbbeyThe Solitary
29、Reaper孤独的割麦女2 2) The Prelude序曲2. SamuelTaylor Coleridge 塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治 17721834 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner占舟子颂 Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔 KublaKhan忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, de monism with strong imagination, a strange territoryFrost at Night半夜冰霜 Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集(with WilliamWo
30、rdsworth)3. George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦 17881824(拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤 独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄Byronic hero Mis a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin,against tyrannical rules or moral principles.4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希雪莱 17921822Poetic D ram a： Prometheu
31、s Unbound解放了 的普罗米修斯Theme:the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppressionQueen Mab麦布女王Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛The Cenci钦契家A Defence of Poetry诗辩 vThe Necessity of Atheism无神论的必要性Ode to the West Wind西风颂Theme: The author express his eagemessto enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Comp
32、are the west wind todestroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, andpreserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in thespring. This is a poem about renewal,about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc oflife (which would
33、end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again whensomething dies.CommentBysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Wind iswritten in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each witha closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone ispoignant. Many will agree th
34、at this poem is an invocation for an unseen forceto take control and revive life.A rtistic features:Usingrerza rima（二仃i寺 aba bcb cdc ded efe .）To a Skylark致云雀5. John Keats 约翰济慈 17957821（“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。）Four great odes: 希腊占瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Psyche心灵颂Ode On Melancholy忧郁颂近U!秋颂Theme:Th
35、e theme of JohnKeats* poem, To Autumn, is that change is both natural andbeautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almostevery type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Commentjlhe speaker in the poem acknowledges thattime passes by, but also asserts that this
36、change usually yields something ne wand better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas representsthe evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 !775-1817Sense andSensibility理智与感情Pride and Prejud
37、ic傲慢与偏见（chapter I） Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy in the end false pride is humbledand prejudice dissolved【Collins & Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoidthe wretchedness of aging spinsterhood Lydia & Wickham shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsu
38、pported by money.Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins,Lady Catherine de Burgh comic charactersMansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园vEmma爱玛Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺Persuasion劝导7. Walter Scott 沃尔特斯科特 17717 832（历史小说之父）Father of historynovelsRob Roy罗伯罗伊vl vanhoe艾凡赫VI The Victorian Periodl 832-1900Common sense and moralpropreity, ag
39、ain became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1. Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯 1812 1870（批判现实主义小说家）critical realistwriter The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传 Oliver Twist奥利弗特维斯特（雾都孤儿） The Old Curiosity Sho
40、p老古玩店 董贝父子vDavidCopperfield大卫科波菲尔Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世 A Tale of Two Cities双城记(London & Paris) Great Expectations远大前程Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友2. William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷 18111863 VanilyFairora Novel without a Hero 名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan)The Book Of Snobs3. Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂勃朗特 18161855 呼啸山庄A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【TheEamshaw Family Mr. Earnshaw,his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff The Linton Family Mr.Linton,his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella(2) 5