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1、新视野大学英语(第二版)第1册Unit 5答案VocabularyIII.1. immune 2. acquire 3. constitutes 4. define 5. infected, infect6. illustrates 7. emerge 8. emphasize 9. represents 10. Threatened2.形似词:acquire 获得。如:She has acquired a good knowledge of English.inquire询问,查询。常用的搭配有inquire sth. of sb.询问;inquire about/upon 查问;inqui
2、re after (ones health) 问候:inquire into 调查。 如: He inquired of all that were present.request 盾求: 要求。如： Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.require 需要; 要求。如; We require extra help.(注:四个词中只有inquire可用作不及物动词)If you want to know the train schedule, pleaseat thebooking office.A) acquire B) inqu
3、ire C) request D) require译文:如果你想了解列车时刻表,请咨询售票处。答案是B。同义词:obtain,经常表示付出一段时间努力之后获得某些东西,譬如说advice, benefits, approval, a degree, information.例句:Teenagers have to obtain permission from parents before they go out with friends.（青少年需要获得父母的允许才能够和朋友出外.）gain强调获得的东西是对你有利或者有帮助的东西,譬如说the access to something, adv
4、antage, benefit, control, insight, knowledge, confidence, support, power 等等例句:Impulse sometimes gains power over nature.（冲动有时候会战胜 本性.）acquire强调通过购买或者强夺的手段去获得一些东西,这些东西 般是可见的,譬如说 asset, company, status, title, property;acquire冇时候和gain的意思差不多,可以加skill, knowledge,但是 acquire给人的感觉就是获得之后还会长时间占有,所以我自己一般 喜欢用
5、acquire skills or knowledge.例句:With thought, practice and feedback, we acquire skills.（有了,思二考, 实践和反馈,我们可以获得技能.）The under-18s nearly 25%of the towns population.A.composeB.consistC.include D.constituteA 选项的话,句子应该改成 Nearly 25%of the towns population is composed of the under-18s.B 选项应该改成 consist of,The
6、under-18s consist of nearly 25%of the towns population.原句中的 of 是 nearly 25%of the towns population 中 的成分.C选项include是包括包含的意思,中文意思不符合题意.D选项是正确的。compose,consist of,comprise,constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成” 或“构成”。compose在表示“由 材料构成,时,见于被动语态;在用于主动语 态时,一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为,而且主语 或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。Concrete is compo
7、sed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。Mere facts, badly stated, do not compose a good book. 仅仅有资料,如果陈述得很糟糕,并不能组成一本好书。consist of的含义与被动语态的compose相同Though the costume consists only of a shee
8、t, it was very effective.虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成,但效果很好。注意:consist in在于;存在于Education does not simply consist in learning a lot of facts.教育并不仅仅在于学到许多事实。comprise vt,在表示“构成”时,其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”These houses do not comprises all his property.这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由
9、见解甚为悬殊的人组成。constitute vt.的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词,所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上,亦或在组织上,与组成成分是一致的This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace.在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困,构成了对和平的永久的 威胁。Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。emergevi,浮现;摆脱:暴露 过去式 emerged 过去分词 emerged 现在分词 emerging 冒
10、出,露出（from）:例： The sun emerges from behind the clouds.太阳从云层里露出。涌现,（由隐没处、暗处等）出现;（由水中、液体中）浮现,呈出:例:a ghost emerging from the grave似乎从坟墓里冒出的鬼魂例：to emerge from water从水里露出（从视线以外的地方）出现;出来例: Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged.当她出现的时候,理查德正等候在门外。例：She then emerged from the courthouse to thank
11、her supporters.于是她从法院大楼出来向支持者们表示感谢。摆脱例: There is growing evidence that the economy is at last emerging from recession.有越来越多的迹象表明经济将最终摆脱萧条。立足成为例: Vietnam has emerged as the worlds third-biggest rice exporter.越南已立足成为世界第三大稻米出口国。显露,（事实、意见等）被知晓,暴露,显现出来,（问题等）冒出,（问 题、困难等）发生,产生（结果）：例:The truth emerged that
12、the driver of the car had been drunk.真相暴露了这个汽车司机是酒后开车。例:It emerged from the message that all was well.从获知的消息来看,一切都很好。IV.1. regardless of 2. at risk 3. handing out 4. distracts.from 5. sign up for6. be infected with 7. guard against 8. feel comfortable with/about 9. in place of 10. suffering fromV. 1
13、 .L 2.G 3.14.J 5.M 6.D 7.0 8.A 9.C 10.F牛津高阶英汉双语词典第6版467页有两个例句:The illness was diagnosed as cancer.He has recently been diagnosed with angina.（angina:心、绞痛） 当主语是 illness 时用 diagnosed as , 当主语是he时用diagnosed withStructureVI. Attributive clause 定语从句1. the way he teaches English2. whom I was expecting to
14、stay with3. which was lost in the department store yesterday4. where Mary and I spent our childhood5. which the whole family considered a great honorVIL1. Despite his illness2. Despite a lot of difficulties3. despite his old age4. despite the bad weather5. despite his hard work despite意为“不管,“任凭,相当于i
15、n spite of,后接名词、代词,但语 气比后者轻。如:H e w entoutdespite bad w eatiier他不管天气恶劣出发了。D emite 1he fogs w e went out for a walk.尽管有雾,我们还是外出散步。【注】despite后可接what引导的从句如:D e印itewhatshe says, lllgo.不管她怎么说,我也要去。Iw ou Id support him despite w hathe did.不管他做什么,我都支持 他。despite = in spite of,故不能再与of连用;in spite of / despite
16、 + 名词 =although + 从句regardless of = without considering or taking notice of regardless of不管;不顾;不理会.后常接名词或者接从句in spite of 与 regardless of 区别前者:一般用于客观上无法避免的事实,往往是不利的条件,因素, 需要主语去正确面对和处理,并不是避而远之后者:一般是主观上故意去忽视,有时往往是好的条件,因素,或他 人的建议,很可能导致不好的结果TranslationVIII.1.1 hope that the effort that weve made will be
17、of some use to the battle against AIDS.2. Despite all the efforts form the local organizations in the battle against AIDS, the number of people in rural areas diagnosed with AIDS has been increasing.3. Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.4. It was a long tim
18、e before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.5. Youd better learn something about the course before signing up for it.6. The policy is playing a more and more important role in promoting the development of local eco
19、nomy.Lack的用法n.（名词）“不足”。通常用“lack+”+名词”。 A deficiency or an absence:缺之或没有:Som ething needed orw apted.欠缺的事物:缺乏或寻求的某物a lack of money.缺乏金钱Her only problem is lack of confidence.Lack of sleep had made him irritable.If he fails it wont be for/through lack of effort （= he has certainly tried）.We wont be go
20、ing on holiday this year - lack of funds, Im afraid.He cant endure the lack of food.没有食物,他再也坚持不下去了。vt.（及物动词）缺乏;不足;没看To be entirely w ithou tor have very little of 缺乏:根本就没有或仅有占（2）f be in need of 需要He just lacks a little confidence.What we lack in this house is space to store things.She lacks patience
21、 in dealing with children.（与孩子打交道她缺少耐We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.（注:说lack木用于进行时耐占不住脚的）1 （不及物动词）还可作“缺乏,短少;不足;需悪。To be w anting or deficient:缺乏：处于匮之或不足状态 L。）vi.常用进行时in suJ、亠厶，.（注:这里把!acking处理为vi.,并没有作为adj.来得简的）To be in need of som ething:需要:需要某物:I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何:东西S
22、he does not lack for friends. They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求（应有尽有）。用法拓展lack构成的短语有:be lacking:欠缺、缺：be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够lack for 缺（多用于否定句）Lack+of+名词：The plants died for lack of water.Lack+名词: We lack the strength to walk any further.短语:be lacking:欠缺、缺： Money was lacking to complete the buildin
23、g.be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够:He is not lacking in intelligence.lack for 缺（多用于否定句）She does not lack for friendslacking adj.1 be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.Money was lacking to complete the b
24、uilding.He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇气。Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺,就缺意志。2 be lacking in sth to not have a quality:Hes totally lacking in charm.He is not lacking in intelligence.Philip was not lacking in ability.（菲普并不缺少能力。）His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他对我1J 的接竜缺少热情。） Since she
25、 is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年轻,她缺乏经验。働习1. Many of our young workersproper training.?A. are lacking in B. are lacking C. lack forD. lackin A2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to sincerity.A. lack ofB. be lack ofC. lack inD. belacking in (D)3
26、. Thoughmoney, his parents managed to send him touniversity.A. lacked B. lacking ofC. lacking D.lacked in解答Though lacking money 是 Though they are lacking money 的省 略句,其中lack是vt.。4. Keep him at arms length, as he is a guy being lacking honesty.A. of B. on C. in D. about (C)5. That was another example
27、of experience.A. a lack ofB. lack fromC. their lack for D.their lack of解答.Diack作及物动词时,后面直接用名词或代词做宾语:作不 及物动词时常和for连用;祚名词时常和of搭配使用。6. What caused the failure of the experiment?-.(C)A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack offund C. Lack of fund D. Due to lack of fund7. The boss praised the young man
28、 for his hard work, though heexperience.A. is lack ofB. is lacking in C. lacks ofD.is lacking of此题答橐选B, be lacking in段习语,意为“缺乏”,漠后通常接 experience, frankness, courage 等扌由象名 1円。选 A 是错误的,因为lack 能做名词和动词,但不用做形容词;选C是错误的,因为lack用 做动词时,它是及物动词,箕后不用介词(注:用做名词的ack后可 接介同。;选D是错误的,囱为没be lacking of这个搭配。8. Im sorry, W
29、ere that kind of trousers. Would you comeback next week?A. shortB. lackingC. in need D. shortof(D)IX.1 .病人的免疫系统会将新移植的心脏当成异物面排斥。2 .有人说我们许多人饮食太糟,缺乏维他命和矿物质,因而我们的 身心都受到损害。3 .生物医学研究将会使很多艾滋病病毒感染者延长寿命,生活少些 痛苦。4 .中央政府已经发布了一项五年行动计划,旨在鼓励社会各部门都 参与艾滋病的防治。5 . 个人感染了艾滋病毒,其症状一般要6到10年后会表现出来。6 .许多年来,人们眼睁睁看着艾滋病泛滥成灾,争论
30、着有效的艾滋 病防治措施在贫穷国家究竟是否适用。ClozeX.1 .C2.C3.A4.B5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C9.B 10.B11. A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C5. rather: ra :d 9 ad.宁可,宁愿,有些,相当例句与用法:1. These shoes are rather too big.这双鞋有点太大了。2.1 would rather stay at home.我宁可呆在家里。3. Id rather walk than take a bus.我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。4. Some more wine? Thank you, Id rather
31、 not. I have to drive home.,再来一点酒好吗?不要了,我不能再喝了.我还得开车回家呢.5. Shed rather die than lose the children.她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们.6. How about a trip to the coast? Rather!去海滨玩玩好吗?好极了! (oral English)7.1 would rather fail than cheat in the examination.我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。8. Poultry is rather cheap now.现在的禽肉相当便宜。英英解释:副词 rat
32、her:1. on the contrary同义词:instead2. to some (great or small) extent同义词:kind of, kinda, sort of3. more readily or willingly同义词:preferably, sooner4. to a degree (not used with a negative)同义词:quite6. -ever、基本用法概说英喑中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有wh
33、atever, whoever, whichevero这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从 句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:Whatever he said was right.无论他说什么都是对的。（引导主语从句）I dont believe whatever he said.无论他说什么我都不信。（引导宾语从 句）在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:What he wants to get is whatever you have.他想得到的是你所拥有的 一切。二、whatever引导的名词性从句whatever的意思是“所 的一切事或东西
34、”,可视为what的强调说 法，其含义大致相当于anything that, whatever在从句中可用作主语、 宾语、定语。如:Do whatever she tells you and youll have peace.她叫你干什么你就干 什么,那你就太平了。I dont believe in letting children do whatever they like.我不赞成让孩 子为所欲为。Goats eat whatever food they can find,山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食 物。三、whoever引导的名词性从句whoever的意思“任何的人,在意义上大致相当于a
35、nybody who whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:I,ll take whoever wants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。Whoever says that is a liar.说那话的人是个骗子。She can marry whoever she chooses.她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。m give the ticket to whoever wants it.谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。Tell whoever you like 一 it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉唯就告 诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语（作
36、宾语时不宜用whomever, 因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用）。另外,注意以下受汉语意 思影响而弄错的句子:谁赢了都可以获奖。误： Who wins can get a prize.误: Anyone wins can get a prize.正： Whoever wins can get a prize.正： Anyone who wins can get a prize.四、whichever引导的名词性从句whichever的意思” 的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于the person or the thing that whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语
37、。如：You can pick whichever one you like.你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.你们谁第一谁就能得 奖。Well eat at whichever restaurant has a free table.哪个饭馆有空桌我们 就在哪儿吃吧。Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.我们当中无论哪个先到 家,哪个就先开始做饭。五、引导状语从句的用法whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还
38、可用于 弓I导状语从句,分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which 如:ril stand by you whatever =no matter whatj happens. 无论如何我都支 持你。Whoever =No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them rm busy.不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。Whichever =N0 matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个
39、月的保修期。8 the predicative clause 表语从句The problem is which one you want to choose.That is which I gave you.12 take的词组1. take after （不用进行式）-to look or behave like （an older relative） 长相或举止像（某个长辈）2. take apart(1) to separate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces 把(小型机 器、钟表等)拆开;拆散(2) to defeat very s
40、everely in a sport or game (在体育运动或比赛中) 把 彻底打败;speak angrily to or criticize severely 对 苛求;严厉 批评3. take as看作,认为4. take away拿走;使停学,使离开;使消失;减去 take aw ay finm -to lessen the effect or value of (something good or desirable)贬低(有益或令人满意之事物)的作用5. take back(1) to admit that one was wrong in (what one said)承认
41、徒昔 了(话), 收回(诺言,话语)(2) to cause to remember or think about a past time 使回忆起(3)送回,还回去;退(货)6. take down(1)拿下,取下;记下来;褪下(裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物)(2) to separate (a large machine or article) into pieces esp. in order to repair it or move it (尤指为了修理或搬移而)把(大型机器或大物件)拆 成零部件;把拆卸开7. take in(1) to receive into ones home; pr
42、ovide lodgings for (a person)接待（某人）留宿(2) to deceive 欺瞒,欺骗(3) to understand fully; grasp 充分理解,掌握(4) to make (clothes) narrow 把(衣服)改窄(5) to include 包含,包括8. take off(1) to remove (esp. clothes)脱下,脱去(尤指衣服);解(拿)掉put on (反义词)(2) (of a plane, etc) to rise into the air at the beginning of a flight (飞 机等)升空,
43、起飞(3) to have a holiday from work on (the stated day) or for (the stated period)在(某日或某段时间)休假;歇(天)假;请假(4) to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known 开始冇成 就;开始受欢迎;开始成名(5)打折扣(6) to copy the speech or manners of (someone), esp. for amusement(尤指为了逗笑而)模仿(某人)的谈吐、举止等9. take on(1) to start to empl
44、oy 开始雇用(2) to begin to have (a quality of appearance)开始具有/ 呈现(某种 品质、面貌等);露出(3) to accept (work, responsibility, etc.)接受(工作等);承担(责任等)(4) to start a quarrel or fight with 开始和争吵(斗殴、作对、较量等）(5)让上车,接受乘客10. take out(1) to go somewhere with (a person) as a social activity 帀(某人)去 (某处参加社交活动等)(2) to obtain off
45、icially正式取得,领得,获得(3)洗去(污迹),使褪色 take som eone outof him self/herself 使(某人)从(失意、不愉快等) 中解脱出来,给(某人)消愁 take sth out on sb向发泄(情绪);拿出气11. take over to gain control over and responsibility for (something) 接手,接任;接管12. take to(1) to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对产生好感,喜欢上(2) to begin as a practice, ha
46、bit, etc.染上习惯(嗜好等)(3) to go to for rest, hiding, escape, etc.到(某处)休息;到躲藏;逃往13. take up（1） to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in 开始花时间从事 (某项活动);对.产生兴趣；开始学习(某课程),选修（2） (of things or events) to fill or use (space or time)(事物或事件)占用了（时间或空间）（3） to accept the offer of 接受的建议（4） to continue 继续 ta
47、ke up with和（某人,尤指讨厌的人）来往be taken up with - be very busy with 忙于; 喜欢14. be taken il! 病倒了,生病了15. take a chance碰碰运气,冒风险16. take a deep/ long breath深吸一口气（以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑）17. take a fancy / liking （dislike） to 喜欢（不喜欢）18. take a hand in 干预19. take a load / weight off sbs mind 使放心、/ 安心、20. take a risk / risks 冒风险21. take a seat 坐下22. take a vote投票表决23. ta