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1、Unit One Time-Conscious AmericansUnderstanding WordsListening Task 11. She is so lazy that it is quite difficult to assess her ability.2. We spent a restless night in a roadside hotel.3. John always budgets his time very carefully.4. After supper, they often take a leisurely walk round the grounds.5
2、. The significance of this project remains mostly unknown to us.6. It is a convention to use the right hand to shake hands.7. The airline decides to replace its smal1 planes with Boeing 747s.8. Dogs are known to have all acute sense of sme11.9. Tom has never had cheerful surroundings since his early
3、 years.10. Copper conducts electricity.Key: 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (B)Listening Task 21. I regret we, ve run out of money.2. The government is firmly committed to helping low-income and unemployed citizens.3. His carelessness resulted in the forest fire.4.
4、 Everyone in Shanghai seems to be in a rush.5. You are supposed to sign this agreement in person.6. My success i s entirely due to hard work.7. How can you account for your frequent lateness for class?8. We still fal1 behind our competitors in using new technology.9. He, s nothi ng but a cheat.10. T
5、hey communicate with each other through personal contacts rather than through phone calls. Key: 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (D)UNDERSTANDING SHORT CONVERSATIONSListening Task 11. W: What do you do in your leisure time?M: 1 spend my leisure time at the golf cour
6、se.Question: What does the man do in his 1eisure time?2. M: If 1 lose this dictionary, how should 1 replace it?W: Go to a bookstore and obtain another copy.Question: What should the man do if he loses this dictionary?3. W: r m thinking of using some labor-saving devices. What do you suggest?M: If I
7、were you, I would prefer emai1 to the telephone.Question: What labor-saving device does the man suggest?4. M: Do you know another word for brief”?W: Yes, short. For instance, when I come for a brief meeting, itf s short.Question: Which word does the woman use in place of brief, ?5. W: What do you th
8、ink about the telephone service in your area?M: I think its superb here. However, the postal service is less efficient.Question: What does the man say about the telephone service in his area?6. M: How do you know if a doctor is competent?W: If he solves your problem, hes competent.Quest ion: What do
9、es the woman say about a doctor who can solve problems?7. W: Stop for a minute. Id 1 ike to look at this exhibition in the window.M: Why not go inside and see if we can get something on literature and sports?Question: Where are they standing?8. M: How about going to a fashionable party with me tonig
10、ht, Jane?W: 1 d real ly love to, but my parents expect me at home before 9:00 and we 11 leave to visit my aunt early tomorrow.Question: Why didn t Jane accept the invitation?9. W: George says he 11 return the book he borrowed as soon as he finishes reading it.M: Well, if George is reading it, I wont
11、 hold my breath.Question: What does the man imply about George?10. W: I surely enjoyed meeting your parents. I hope they liked me.M: Take it easy. My parents would like any girl I liked.Question: Whats the likely relationship between the man and the woman?11. M: Hurry, another train for Shanghai is
12、coming now.W: Why run? There will be another one in five or six minutes.Question: What does the woman mean?12. W: Prof. Wang, s 1ecture yesterday evening was so dull!M: 1,11 say. I had one eye on the clock the whole time.Question: What can we infer from the man, s reply?13. M: Do you think you can f
13、inish your assignment tomorrow morning?W: Will Thursday do?Question: What does the woman imply about her assignment?14. W:Areyou looking forward to yourmovein September?M:Youbet I am. The rooms here are toosmall,andthere, s no space to store things.Question: What will the man do?15. M:Tomis taking a
14、 language coursethisyear.W:Should he be taking that coursethisyear?Question: What does the woman imply that Tom should be doing?16. W: Did you and Jane really meet at exactly 6:30 p. m. in front of Shanghai Grand Theater?M: Yes, both of us were there on time.Question: What happened to the man and Ja
15、ne?17. W: Dr. Xiao, when can we meet to discuss my research tomorrow morning?M: Will ten o*clock be all fight?Question: What does the man suggest?18. M: These figures have been all mixed up. Let* s figure them out again.W: Yes, but why not do them tomorrow? 11* s very late now.Question: What does th
16、e woman suggest to the man?19. W: What time should I arrive at the celebration this evening?M: Oh, so you can come. What about 6:00 p. m. ?Question: What did the man assume?20. W: John is going to play football this afternoon, M: Should he be doing that today, so soon after his injury? Question: Wha
17、t does the man imply?9. (C)19. (B)Key: 1. (C)2. (B)3. (B)4. (A)5. (B)6. (D)7. (A)8. (C)10. (B)11. (B)12. (C)13. (B)14. (D)15. (D)16. (C)17. (C)18. (C)20. (B)UNDERSTANDING LWG CONVERSATIONSConversation 1W: How does time affect you?M: 1 actually spend time deciding how I wi11 conduct my day.W： That so
18、unds 1 ike a good way to budget some leisure time for you.M: Yes, 1 like the relaxed feeling of the surroundings at the golf course.W: Do you take your cell phone with you?M: No, 1 1 ike to avoid such devices when I am at the golf course because if the phone tings,I will want to answer it.W: 1 spend
19、 my leisure time playing tennis.M: That, s a superb way to stay i n shape and al so have a good time.W: I, m not a very good player; I just want to play for a brief time and make friends by playing tennis.M: I have met some interesting people at the golf course, too. And I can contact them by emai 1
20、 when t don, t have leisure time.W: I always like to meet people face-to-face because I am able to explore my questions more thoroughly than I can by emai1 or electronic communication.M: Yes, I think face-to-face interaction is very important and should be used when possible.W: Well, I couldn, t agr
21、ee with you more. Also, playing tennis also al lows me to get away from my work environment.M: Yes, I al so enjoy getting away.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What does the man think about the surroundings at the golf course?2. Does the man take his cell phone w
22、ith him to the golf course?3. What does the woman do in her leisure time?4. How does the man contact his golf friends when he has no leisure time?5. What does the woman think about face to-face communication?Key: 1. (C)2. (A)3. (A)4. (A)5. (D)Conversation 2M: Today time has gone by so quickly! Do yo
23、u estimate how long a job will take?W: Well, sometimes it* s not productive for me to estimate how much time I will spend completing a job.M: That* s true, but in order not to waste time, I always want to set a precise time to meet someone.W: Ill have an appointment, I try to figure it out how much
24、travel time is involved.M: I find it really difficult to stay on a time plan when I go to a convention.W: Why is that?M: Because 1 meet so many new people, and I want to interact with them.W: A convention is a good place to enquire with them professionally.M: Yes, although 1 can communicate with man
25、y of my colleagues through email, I would prefer to chat with them face-to-face.W: That would fulfill my needs better because 1 wouldn* t have to write out my questions or comments.M: Wei 1, by the way I have not iced that many people in Chi na travel to work by bicycle.W: Yes, its convenient most o
26、f the time because the traffic is often very had.M: But it would net be possible for me to ride to work in the United States by bicycle because I 1ive a long way from work.W: Of course not! Also, parking a car in Shanghai is a problem, so when I really need to get somewhere quickly, 1 sometimes take
27、 a taxi.M: In my city in file United States, you have to telephone a taxi if you need one. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.6. What wi11 the woman try to do when she has an appointment?7. Why does the man find it difficult to stick to a time plan when he goes to a
28、convention?8. How does the man prefer to communi cate with his colleagues?9. What has the man noticed about many people in China?10. What will the woman do when she really wants to get somewhere quickly?Key: 6. (C)7. (A)8. (C)9. (B)10. (D)UNDERSTANDING PASSAGESPassage 1According to a recent survey,
29、employees in many companies today work longer hours and take shorter vacations than employees did in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. A management adviser, Bill Meyer, decided to find out the answer to the question. For three days, he observed an investment ba
30、nker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday; the banker worked 80 hours a week. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker* s activities wi th him, and discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing busy work.Apparently, many p
31、eople believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. However, the connection be tween time and productivity is not always positive. In fact, many studies show that after a certain point, anyone* s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Furthermore, it, s
32、 not always easy for individuals to real ize that their performance is decreasing.Part of the problem is understandable. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this.Consequently, they work longer hours and t
33、ake less vacation time than they did nine years ago. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week. They feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.Questions 1 to 5 are based
34、on the passage you have just heard.1. What happens to employees in many U. S. companies today?2. What did Bill Meyer do with an investment banker?3. What is the relationship between time and productivity?4. How much time did the banker spend doing busy work?5. How do employers evaluate employees?Key
35、: 1. (C)2. (A)3. (B)4. (D)5. (C)Passage 2One observation made by many visitors to the United States is that Americans frequently prefer to answer with a brief Yes, No, Sure, or the very popular Yeah rather than with a longer reply. But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or offensive. V
36、ery often, Americans are rushed and may greet you with a hurried Hi”. Indeed, this is a greeting you wi 11 hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of status, age or employment. However, those used to longer, beautifully formed statements may req
37、uire a 1ittle more time before they feel comfortable with American “plain talk.Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are embarrassed. If peop 1 e praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become embarrassed and not know what to say in reply. They do not intend to be impo
38、lite or offensive; you can be sure that they 1 iked what was said about them. Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans do not usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed as they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a w
39、arm but easy-going or relaxed people.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.6. What does the fact that Americans do not waste words tell us?7. Which ofthefollowingis true of thosewho like using beautifulor quality language?8. Winch ofthefollowingis NOT true?9. How wi11theAmer
40、icansfeel if they arepraised in a polite way?10. What did you learn about the American custom of giving gifts?Key: 6. (D)7. (A)8. (C)9. (D)10. (B)Passage 3Those long 1ines at United States airports are not just on the runways. As the number of airline passengers increases to 614 million last year, u
41、p from 488 million in 1993 - and airports remain the same size, waiting in line has become a frustrating experience. The airlines, heating vowing complaints and eager to cut costs, have begun adopting new techniques to speed people on their way.Continental Airiines and Alaska Airlines use a program
42、with computer screens where passengers, using credit cards for identification, can check themselves in, answer security questions about who packed their bags and whether it has been under their control at al I times, and obtain boarding passes.Alaska also has ticketing officers who walk about in air
43、ports carrying computers that can print out boarding passes.Airlines are also improving their computer networks, which will reduce the time it takes to issue tickets and boarding passes. TWA recently installed touch-screen computers, 1 ike those at ATM machines, that allow officers to issue boarding
44、 passes faster.Penny Thomas, United Airline* s manager of in-airport service planning, said: The most basic rule to reduce time in line is to arrive at the airport in travel-ready condition. That means you do not need to see anyone, to buy a ticket or to change a seat assignment. It means your only
45、requirement is to get a boarding pass. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What causes the long lines at U. S. airports?12. What was the number of U. S. airline passengers in 1993713. Which new technique have Continental Airlines and Alaska Airlines adopted?14. Whats
46、the purpose of improving the U. S. airlines* computer networks?15. According to Penny Thomas, what is the most basic rule to reduce time in line?Key: . (A)12. (013. (A)14. (A)15. (A)Passage 4Although the relaxed American style is wel known, many new visitors think that it shows a lack of respect*. T
47、his is especial 1 y true in the business world. Americans often use first names upon meeting a stranger and do not always shake hands. They often just smi le and say Hi or Heilo, rather than using a more formal handshake. It is good to remember that to an American such a relaxed greeting really mean
48、s the same thing as a more official handshake somewhere else.In a similar way, Americans do not usually give a special good-bye, or shake hands to each person when they leave a party or business meeting. They will often just wave good-bye to the whole group and perhaps say, Well, so long everybody, I* 11 see you tomorrow. They then will leave. No handshakes.Americans seem either totally hurried and hard-working or totally relaxed and at ease. Of