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1、考研英语新题型历年真题（含答案）新题型全真试题(20052009年)Passage 1PartBDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your
2、 answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canadas premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.Theyre all groaning about soaring
3、 health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to repl
4、ace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care - to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency.
5、 Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. C What does national mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial b
6、ody much like the recently created National Health Council.But “national doesnt have to mean that “National” could mean interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national“ organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manu
7、facturers. Instead of having one province - or a series of hospitals within a province negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agenc
8、y would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of r
9、emoving jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldnt like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a
10、 national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few pr
11、emiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. Thats one reason why the idea of a national list hasnt gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. F So, i
12、f the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove theycan run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.Premiers love to quot
13、e Mr. Romanows report selectively, especially the parts about morefederal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.45. B Or they c
14、ould read Mr. Kirbys report:the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they sho
15、uld also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.AJ Quebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebecs Drug Insurance Fund has seen its c
16、osts skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report: tthe substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.C What d
17、oes “national mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.DJ The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E According to th
18、e Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of
19、 it is higher prices.F So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug
20、 prices.G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it
21、 on theirs. They wouldn like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Passage 2Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two
22、extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Willi
23、ams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which
24、 when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the users gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine.(41) . In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometim
25、es played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a frie
26、nd of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problems. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions letter. Noting the medical/psychological na
27、ture of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) .The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino h
28、as 20 signs warning:Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williamss suit charges that the casino, knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling,M intentiona
29、lly worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his Well.(43) .The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says pathological gambling involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of
30、 a windfall.(44) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) .Forty-four states have lotteries,29 have casinos, and most of these states are to vary
31、ing degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. W
32、ith $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Webs most profitable business.A Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without be
33、ing detected.B It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.D Gambling has been a comm
34、on feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.E David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F I
35、t is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the
36、 government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Passage 3PartBDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits
37、the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids Work SkillsC. Place Time L
38、imits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG Build Your Kids Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their k
39、ids. Even if a jobs starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adults need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents c
40、an take to prevent what call *4work-life unreadiness.(41) .You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds
41、of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.(42) .Kids need a range of authentic role models - as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how the
42、y got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea. They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of t
43、he future is of little good.(43) .Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsiblefor teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of p
44、ractice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.(44) .Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the sam
45、e time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop th
46、e kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.(45) .They should know how to deal with setbacks, stress and feeling of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice d
47、oing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to
48、come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they
49、 are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Passage 4Part BDirections:Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.