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1、大学六级模拟97Part I WritingDirections： For this partz you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic： Ability and Good Looks. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below：工、目前在中国，校园安全事故时有发生2 .这种现象造成了恶劣的影响3 .应该如何杜绝这种现象Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Sca
2、nning)Directions： In this part z you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the informationgiven in the passage；N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the informationgiven in the pa
3、ssage；NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage .For questions 5-10z complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Earth: Melting in the Heat?Glaciers are melting； the ice caps are disappearing into the oceans ； sea levels may rise by many meters as a conseq
4、uence.工ndigenous (本土的) Arctic peoples will find their food stocks gonez while flesh water supplies in Asia and south America will disappear as the glaciers which provide them melt away； penguins, polar bears and seals will find their habitats gone, their traditional lives unlivable.But how realistic
5、 is this picture? Is the world * s ice really disappearing, or is it unscientific hot air?A European satellite named Cryosat was designed to provide definitive answers to some of these questions. A launcher fault destroyed the mission in October 2005, hut the European Space Agency has approved a rep
6、lacementz in the meantime, here is our global snapshot.The AntarcticHuge, pristine (质朴的),dramaticz unforgiving- the Antarctic is where the biggest of all global changes could begin.There is so much ice here that if it all melted, sea levels globally would rise hugely-perhaps as much as 80m. Say good
7、bye to London, New York, Sydney, Bangkok. in fact z the majority of the world1s major cities.But will it happen? Scientists divide the Antarctic into three zones： the east and west Antarctic ice sheets； and the Peninsula, the tongue of land which points up towards the southern tip of South America.*
8、Everybody thinks that the Antarctic is shrinking due to climate change, but the reality is much more complex,n says David Vaughan, a principal investigator at the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, U.K.Parts of it appear to be thickening as a result of snowfall increases, but the Peninsula is th
9、inning at an alarming rate due to warming. The West Antarctic sheet is also thinning, and we * re not sure of the reason why.nOn the UpTemperatures in the Peninsula appear to be increasing at around twice the global averageabout 2 over the last 50 years. Those figures are based on measurements made
10、by instruments at scientific stations.Earlier this year, David Vaughan * s group published research showing that the vast majority of glaciers along the Peninsula -87% of the 244 studied-are in retreat. The ice dumped into the ocean as the glaciers retreat should not make much difference to global s
11、ea levels-perhaps a few centimeters.More worrying, potentially, are the vast ice sheets covering the rest of Antarctica. Making temperature measurements for the continent as a whole is difficult ； it is a vast place-more than 2,000 km acrossthere are few research stations, and temperatures vary natu
12、rally by 2-3 from year to year. But measurements indicate that in the west, melting is underway.About one-third of the West Antarctic ice sheet is thinning, says Dr. Vaughan, nun average by about 10 cm per year, but in the worst places by 34m per year.nThe rock on which the West Antarctic ice rests
13、is below sea levelz and British Antarctic Survey researchers believe the thinning could be due to the ice sheet melting on its underside.11 It may be that the ocean is warming end that * s causing the ice to melt, but there may be other reasons as well ； for example z there 1 s lots of volcanism in
14、that area and so that could change how much heat is delivered to the underside of the ice sheet.11Cryosat should help to pin down what is happening at the West Antarctic fringe. The radar altimeters on board its predecessors ERSI and ERS2 have been unable to map the steep slopes at the coast, wherea
15、s Cryosat1 s instrument should be able to cope.If the entire West Antarctic ice sheet did melt z sea levels globally would risez by around 5m. But at the moment, there is no sign of that happening.One recant scientific paper attempted to calculate probabilities for how much West Antarctic melting wo
16、uld contribute to global sea-level rises during this century. The conclusions： a 30% probability of a 20 cm risez and a 5% chance of a Im rise.Eastern MassAnd what of the big monster, the much larger East Antarctic sheet? A recent study using altimeter data suggested it is getting thicker, by about
17、1.8 cm/yr； another, using the gravity satellite mission Grace indicates its mass remains stable. But could rising temperatures in time drain the ice away?.It is not going to happen on any realistic human timescale, says David Vaughan. nIt1s so cold that you could raise temperatures by 5-10 without h
18、aving much of an impact； it1s on rock above sea levelz so warming in the ocean can11 affect it.11Largely insulated from global trends and so big as to generate its own climatic systems, most of Antarctica appears to be immune to the big melt for now, though answers to what is happening in the west a
19、rc eagerly awaited. The ArcticAt the top of the world, the Arctic is a region built on water. Around the North Pole is ocean, with ice floes crowding in each winter and thinning again in the summers.In September, we learned from scientists at the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center that the exten
20、t of ocean covered by ice is getting smaller each year, the current rate of shrinkage they calculate at around 8% per decade . Their projection is that within about 60 years, there will be no summer ice at all on the Arctic Ocean.Overallz the extent has been declining, with some oscillations（摆动）， si
21、nce the 1970s when satellites were able to map it,11 comments Peter Wadhams, Professor of Ocean Physics at Cambridge University, U.K, and currently at the Laboratoire Oce anographique in Villefranche-sur-merz France.There 1s been a slow decline, but now the thinning appears to be more rapid. In the
22、last two decades, not only has the area shrunk but the ice has got thinner by about 400； the prediction is that it will vanish altogether during summers in the second half of this century.Military RecordsMeasurements of thickness come mainly from military submarines, which spent long periods under t
23、he Arctic ice during the Cold War.Peter Wadhams was one of the scientists who afterwards persuaded the authorities in Britain and the United States to declassify their data.But as a method of measurementz it is far from perfect； and satellites have given only limited help. The existing satellite fle
24、et gives good measurements of ice extentz but is not so good at detecting thicknessz partly because the orbits of satellites with radar altimeters do not cover every portion of the ocean.This data deficit has led to a rival theory- that the ice is not melting at all； it is simply piling up in anothe
25、r part of the ocean, perhaps along the north Canadian coast.Peter Wadhams believes he has now disproved this idea. nWe did an experiment where we installed a set of buoys （浮标）in that region which measure the thickness of the ice and transmit it back via satellite, he says.The buoy sits on the ice, a
26、nd us waves pass under it they make it rise and fallz just by a millimeter or two； measuring this allows you to calculate the thickness of the ice.nThe preliminary results, announced at a scientific meeting in April 2005, show that the extra ice is not there； it really has melted away.Wider ImpactTo
27、 people living in the region, the melting brings mixed news. Current lifestyles and staple foods will almost certainly changer but the open ocean may permit new opportunities for trade and agriculture.A bigger question is what it means for the rest of the planet z lee reflects the sun1 s radiation；
28、water absorbs it. More water and less ice-a lower albedo （反照率）mean that the pace of warming could increase. In this scenario, the Earth would be losing one of its natural checks and balances against warminganother positive feedback mechanism.The Arctic is intimately tied to the global climate system
29、, and disruptions here have the potential to create worldwide changes-albeit （虽然）over long timescales. Possibly the most powerful link is via the thermohaline （热盐的） circulation, the global conveyor taking warm water along ocean surfaces and returning colder water at depth.One very sensitive place is
30、 the middle of the Greenland Sea, says Peter Wadhams.That has been ice-free in the summer, but usually in winter it would be covered by a lobe of ice growing out from the Greenland coast. As it formed, it rejected salt back into the water, making the water heavier and helping it to sink. Since 1997,
31、 the ice tongue has never formed. That will be having an impact on the thermohaline circulation.nBack in geological history, about 55 million years ago, the Arctic was a warm （possibly 20） shallow sea that would have been ice-free without the intervention of a human-enhanced greenhouse effect.Natura
32、l variations may be playing a role in the picture seen now； but, as with other parts of the planet z it is the speed of change that alarms many researchers as much as the change itself.2、 Fresh water supplies in Asia and south America is disappearing as the glaciers melt away.3、 If all the ice in th
33、e Antarctic melted, global sea levels would rise hugely.4、 According to David Vaughanz the Antarctic is shrinking due to climate change.5、 David Vaughan * s group found that most of the glaciers along the Peninsula were in retreat.6、 Cryosat should help figure out what is happening at the West Antar
34、ctic fringe because its radar altimeters should be able to .7、 Most of Antarctica appears to be immune to the big melt for now because it1 s largely insulated from global trends and it1 s so big as m generate.8、 According to scientists at the U.S. National Snow and lee Data Center, within about 60 y
35、ears, there will be on the Arctic Ocean.9、 The existing satellites are not good at detecting the thickness of the ice partly because the orbits of satellites with do not cover every portion of the ocean.10、 To people living in the Arcticz the melting of some glaciers may permit new opportunities for
36、 .11、 The ice tongue growing out from the Greenland coast used to rej ect saltback into the water, making heavier and helping it to sink.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation
37、, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause z you must read the four choices markedA. z B., C. andD., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corres
38、ponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.2、 A. She isn11 going to change her major.B . She plans to majorin tax law.C. She studies in the same school as her brother. D. She isn t going to work in her brother * s firm.13、 A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing
39、. B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if the pay is good.D. She doesn* t thinkmuch of job-hopping.14 A. Stop thinking about the matter.B. Talk the drug userout of the habit.C. Be more friendly to his schoolmate.D. Keep his distancefrom drug addicts.15 A. The s
40、on.B. The father.C. The mother.D.Aunt Louise.B. Check the locks everyD. Move to anoter place .B , He didn * t want toD. He wanted to catchB. It will stimulateD. It will cut theB. The man can ask theD. The hotel is just16、 A. Stay away for a couple of weeks. two weeks.C. Look after the Johnsons 1 hou
41、se .17 A. He didn1t want to warm up for the game. be held up in traffic.C. He wanted to make sure they got tickets. as many birds as possible.18 A. It will reduce government revenues. business activities.C. It will mainly benefit the wealthy, stockholders * dividends.19、A. The man should phone the h
42、otel for direction, department store for help.C. She doesn * t have the hotel1s phone number. around the corner.20、 A. The man should try to be more understanding.B. The man1s wife should be more understanding.C. The man1s negative attitude may be derived from his childhood.D , The pessimism of the
43、man1 s wife may be the result of her past experiences .21 A. A snowstorm.B. An earthquake . C. A traffic accident. D.A hurricane.22、 A. The two speakers are classmates .B. The man is majoringin elementary education.C. The woman is majoring in elementary education. D. The two speakers got to know eac
44、h other in a class.23 A. At 6:15.B. At 5:50.C. At 16:05.D. At 16:15.24、 A. Unemployment.B. Family breakup. C. Mental problems. D.Drinking.B. She doesn* t enjoyD. She doesn11 haveB. They are negotiatingD They are buyingB. The man needs theD. The man often has25、 A. She disagrees with the man. long sp
45、eeches.C. She hadn11 known how long the speech would be. a special opinion about the speaker.26、A. They are attending a concert.about a price.C. They are planning to go for a date. something for their firm.27、 A. The man is a football fan.woman1s help.C. The man didnt watch TV last night. power fail
46、ure at home.28、 A. She plans to apply for a part-time job.B. She * s too busy to run for class president.C. She wants the man to help her with her studies.D. She hasn * t considered running for class president.29、 A. The airport is closed due to bad weather.B. The flight is following its regular sch
47、edule.C. The plane will return to its point of departure.D. An earlier closure affected the airport1s schedule.30、 A. It * s an unwise decision.B. Individual proj ects are much better.C. The decision will definitely be rejected.D. Many people try to lose weight nowadays.31、 A. He has decided how he
48、* s going to spend the prize money.B. He doesn * t know how much his rent is going to increase.C. Hes already planning to enter next year * s essay contest.D. He has already paid his landlord for next year * s rent.32 A. The new comedy opening in town is well worth watching.E. She * d prefer to see a different type of movie than a comedy.F. She won11 be able to go to the movie because of her research paper.G. The man should help finish the research paper if she goes to the movie with him.33、 A. She *11 be away from the office for two days.B. The man s