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1、BEC中级写作电子讲义第一讲BEC写作概述本课程安排简介写作共6次课，第1次讲概述。BEC写作简介：1写作目的与要求1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.3 Can write a simple report.写作考试共进行45分钟，占总成
2、绩的25%,小作文占10分，大作文占20分。2测试范围与选材1、身份介绍(Personal Identification)2、工作环境与日常事务(The office, general business, environment and routine)3、接待与闲暇活动 (Entertainment of clients, free timet relationships with colleagues and clients)4、商务旅行(Travel)5 健康(Health)6、购买与销售(Buying and selling)7 公司结构、系统及程序(Company structure
3、s, systems, processes)8、产品与服务(Products and services)9、成果与成就(Results and achievements)其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题(Business issues)。3测试题型分析An Overview of BEC Vantage WritingPARTFunctions/Communicative TaskInputResponseRegister1Business Correspondence: e.g. giving instructions, explaining a development, asking fo
4、r comments, requestinginformation,agreeing to requestsRubric only (plus layout of output text type)Note, message, memo or e-mail (40-50 words)Neutral/ informal2Correspondence:e.g. explaining, apologising, reassuring, complainingReport:describing, summarisingProposal:describing, summarising, recommen
5、ding, persuadingOne or more pieces of input from:businesscorrespondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail), internalcommunication(medium may be note, memo, or e-mail), notice, advert, graphs, chart, etc. (plus layout if output is fax or e-mail)Business correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or
6、 e-mail) or short report or proposal (medium may be memo or e-mail) (120-140 words)Neutral/ formal题型： 1.商务便条类；2.商务便函类；3.商务书信类；4.商务报告类注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文例题解析： You work for a company which produces laser printers. You are visiting another company, Softcell, to buy some computer so
7、ftware for your department. They have expressed an interest in your companys printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you.相关词汇：laser, inkjet, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), fax machine, scanner, computer, monitor相关词汇：company literature; brochure; l
8、eaflet; flyer; white book; data sheet; prospectus Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano the Sales Manager. Asking for his permission to take these items. Explaining why you want them. Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect them.Write 40-50 words on your Answer Sheet.便函便条类题目的结构Input: sit
9、uation descriptionTask: memo, note, emailcontent pointsWrite: internal message (40-50 words)注意：格式；发挥部分要确切评分标准BEC写作评分方法级别第一部分分数5 全部完成答题要求 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允 许的情况下加以发挥 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。q以。公 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。取力 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。4 较好的完成答题要求 所有内容点都处理得不错。 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。 结构合理，用词准确。7或8分 大体
10、上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。3 尚能达到答题要求 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一 些次要的内容。 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。前分 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。取” 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。2 不能完全达到答题要求 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充 分，可能有些不切题。 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读 者感到迷惑。3或4分 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。1 未能达到答题要求 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由
11、于对题目要求的误解。 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。 题目要求的结构和词汇儿乎没有提到。 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%, 或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。注意：content; accuracy; conciseness【例题】 Christmas is coming. Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party. As the secretary of the general manager, you help arrange th
12、e preparation for it. Write a memo to all employees. Announcing the planned party. Welcoming all employees to join it. Introducing the programs of it. Mention the time and place that it takes place. Write 4050 words on your Answer Sheet.商务书信类这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起 草一封书信，字数要求达到120-1
13、40词左右。题目结构：Input: 1 situation description2 task3 target readerReading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)Write: business letter (120-140 words)注意英美拼写问题【例题】 You have organised a production conference for your company which will be held on 10 October 2
14、005. The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre. Read the letter and fax below, which gives details of the conference. Then, using all information from the fax, write your letter to John Smith at the Nuffield Conference Centre, explaining the changes to the a
15、rrangements. Do not include postal addresses. Write 120-140 words on separate sheet.Dear Conference Organiser,I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference.DATE AND TIME:10th October-10 a.m. to 5 p.m.NUMBER OF GUESTS:50ROOMS RESERVED10 a. m. to 12: 30 p.m.CONFERENCE HALL 32 p.m. to 5 p
16、.m.SEMINAR ROOMS 1, 2, and 3CATERING:Coffee11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.Lunch-12:30p.m. to 2p.m.Conference Centre RestaurantTea-4 p.m.We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre.Yours faithfully, John SmithToday your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes
17、he would like to make to the conference arrangementsFAXIm afraid we have to make some last-minute changes to the arrangements for our production conference.1. Ten more guests have accepted.2. The President wants only one hour for lunch, and just a simple buffet-not seated in the restaurant.The Confe
18、rence Speaker (Tom Moors) cant come until 2 pm. So he will give his presentation in the afternoon. Can we move the seminars to the morning?Sorry about this!Sam注意：1不要跑题2适当发挥3目标读者4不要抄袭三种对策：a换句型e.g. This rule applies in every case.There are no exceptions to the rule.（肯定句变否定句）b换同义词e.g. The arguments put
19、 forward by these two authors are nearly the same.The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical, c改词性 e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.商务报告
20、类【例题】 You recently attended a one-day course on office management. Below is the course programme, with the comments you wrote on it. Write a short report about the course for your Manager. Include all your comments and say whether your company should send other staff on this course. Write 120-140 wo
21、rds. Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not write in capital letters.practical.Field House, London 26 May 1999oping produttivevery general, new /PROGRAMME9.00-10.45Managing people and devWorking relationshipsCoffeelanning the day, work-flow, prioritisin11.00X12.4512.45-ISOLunch1.30 与.15Problem-solving a
22、nd decision-making3.3060()ul ideasRecommend?OFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINAR10.45-11.003.15-3.3too short peopletaff appraisal and staff developmenfell asleep!第二讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体评分标准:级别第一部分分 数第二部分分皿,一 数5全部完成答题要求 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允 许的情况下加以发挥 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象
23、极佳。9或10分8或20分4较好的完成答题要求 所有内容点都处理得不错。 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。 结构合理，用词准确。 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。7或8分14或16分3尚能达到答题要求所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。5或6分10或12分2不能完全达到答题要求 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充 分，可能有些不切题。 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读 者感到迷惑。 结构、词汇掌
24、握范围有限。 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。3或4分6或8分1未能达到答题要求显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能1或2分2或4分由于对题目要求的误解。 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,分益或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。力力评分五个方面：1 content2 language3 structure & vocabulary4 organisation展开论述上面的5个方面1内容的完整性2语言
25、6C原则1.准确(correctness)包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正 确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。(1)恰当的语言风格 请比较卜.面两组例词:FormalInformalapproximatelyAboutinquireAskascertainfind outobtainreceiveassisthelpparticipateshareconstructbuildpurchasebuycontributegivesufficientenoughdifficulthardutilizeuse(2)准确的措词和信息下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的
26、单词及词组，请注意区分:a lot / allotall right / alrightcannot / can notdifferent from / different than.due to / because ofeffect / affectfewer / lesslie /layprincipal / principlethat /whichtheir / them / they rewait for / wail onwho / whom(3)正确的语法和标点符号(4)正确的拼写2 .清楚(Clarity)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)常用的逻辑布局方法包括
27、：因果关系(Cause & Effect)时间顺序(Chronological Development)序列顺序(Sequential Development)比较(Comparison)一般到特殊(From General to Specific)特殊到一般(From Specific to General)(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)例句：修改前：Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four
28、states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后：Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)(4)强调(Emphasis)位置重复数量技巧(5)将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。比较下面三对句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small
29、 shop which costs $ 25.00.They bought a bicycle for $25,00 in a small shop in Beijing.B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in
30、these conditions rapidly get ill.(6)避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。We shall take a firm line with the firm.We shall take a strong line with the film.3 .简洁(Conciseness)A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in r
31、egard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .We require furniture which is of the new type.We require newtype furniture.(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)尽量使用please prefer because避免使用w
32、ill you be good enough to express a preference forfor the reason that 少用陈词滥调(Omil irile expressions) as the case may be it has come to my attention at an early ageavail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawnpursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact thatthanking you
33、 in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separate cover with kindest regardsI wish to state(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的市复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)o WordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long pe
34、riod of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at this timeis7. The weight was higher thanthe weight was greater than8.1 expected it to beexpected9. During the year of 1995during 199510. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would nott
35、he car would not startstart13. Square in shapesquare14. in accordance with your requestyou requested15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16. During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this ti
36、menow(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)A. It should be noled that this is the best we can do,B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possibleby July 102. as you indicated in your letteras you indicated3. at all timesalways
37、4. at this timenow5. continue to utilize the old form untilstart using the new form on Februarysuch time as the new form is available6. despite the fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9. I would ask that youplease10. in conjunction withwith11. in the me
38、re recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely event that13. in the unlikely event that I am unable toifif I am late, please delay the meetingbe on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willpro
39、duction will begin on July 1commence on July 117. please be advised that we expect you toplease review the contractreview the enclosed contract(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.4.具体(Concreteness)(1)尽可能地提供明确、
40、具体的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist.She types a
41、t the fast rate of 85 words per minute.(2)使用具体词汇A. We have no hesitation in advising you.We advise you.B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,.As the request is unusual,.a great deal of time, bad, lar
42、ge, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less5 .完整(Completeness)自查：谁(Who)?什么(What)?什么时候(When)?在哪里(Where)?为什么(Why)?怎么样 (How)?6 .礼貌(Courtesy)例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we ha
43、ve some similar models on handYours truly,修改：Dear Mrs. WaltersIf I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price asthe GSF. It normal
44、ly sells for $10,000 more, we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.Yours sincerely(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇A.说“Thank you，例如：Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)Writer empha
45、sis:Reader emphasis:We are shipping your order on Friday.You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis:Reader emphasis:To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:Reader emphasis:I w
46、as pleased to hear that the project was completed.Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week ago you closed your account