新概念英语第一册课文详解及英语语法.docx

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1、新概念第一册1-2课文详解与英语语法 课文详注 Further notes on the text1Excuse me 对不起。这是常用于表示抱歉的客套话,相当于汉语中的“劳驾、“对不起。当我们要引起别人的注意、要打搅别人或打断别人的话时,通常都可使用这一表达方式。在课文中,男士为了吸引女士的注意而使用了这句客套话。它也可用在以下场合:向陌生人问路,借用他人的 ,从别人身边挤过,在宴席或会议中途要离开一会儿等等。2Yes?什么事?课文中的 Yes?应用升调朗读,意为:“什么事?Yes?以升调表示某种不肯定或询问之意,也含有请对方说下去的意思。3Pardon?对不起,请再说一遍。当我们没听清或没

2、理解对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时,就可以使用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是:I beg your pardon. I beg your pardon Pardon me.它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起,请再说一遍或者“对不起,请再说一遍好吗?4Thank you very much非常感谢!这是一句表示感谢的用语,意为“非常感谢你。请看以下类似的表达式,并注意其语气上的差异:Thank you. 谢谢你。 Thanks! 谢谢!5数字110的英文写法1one 2two 3three 4four 5five6six 7seven 8eight 9nine 10ten语法 Grammar in

3、 use 一般疑问句一般疑问句根据其构造又分为假设干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有be的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将be的适当形式移到主语之前,如:陈述句:This is your watch. 这是你的手表。疑问句:Is this your watch 这是你的手表吗?可参见 Lessons 1516语法局部有关 be的一般现在时形式的说明。词汇学习 Word study 1coat n. 上衣,外套: Is this your coat 这是你的外套吗?coat and skirt上衣、裙子匹配的西式女套装2dress n.1连衣裙;套裙: Is this your dress 这是你的连衣裙吗?

4、2服装;衣服: casual dress 便服; evening dress 晚礼服新概念第一册3-4课文详解与英语语法课文详注 Further notes on the text 1My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。这是一个省略形式的祈使句,完整的句子应为:Give me my coat and my umbrella, please.口语中,在语境明确的情况下通常可省略动词和间接宾语,如:(Show me your) Ticket, please. 请出示你的票。(Show me your)Passport, please. 请出示您的

5、护照。2Heres your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣。Heres 是 Here is的缩略形式。全句原为:Here is your umbrella and your coat缩略形式和非缩略形式在英语的书面用语和口语中均有,但非缩略形式常用于比拟正式的场合。Heres是一种习惯用法,句中采用了倒装句式,即系动词提到了主语之前。又如 Here is my ticket 这句话用正常的语序时为 My ticket is here。3Sorry = Im sorry。这是口语中的缩略形式,通常在社交场合中用于表示对他人的歉意或某种程度的遗憾。Sorry 和

6、 Excuse me 虽在汉语中都可作“对不起讲,但 sorry 常用于对自己所犯过失表示抱歉,而 Excuse me 那么多为表示轻微歉意的客套语。4Sir,先生。这是英语中对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称。例如:在效劳行业中,效劳员对男顾客的称呼通常为 sir:What can I do for you, sir 先生,您要买什么?Thank you, sir. 谢谢您,先生。sir 通常用于正式信函开头的称呼中:Dear sir 亲爱的先生Dear sirs 亲爱的先生们诸位先生们Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名之前但不用于姓氏之前:Sir Winston Churchill 温斯

7、顿丘吉尔爵士Sir William Brown 威廉布朗爵士5数字1115的英文写法11eleven12twelve13thirteen 14fourteen15fifteen语法 Grammar in use 否认句否认陈述句与肯定陈述句相反,它表示“否认,并且含有一个如not 之类的否认词。一个内含be的否认形式的陈述句,应在其后加 not,以构成否认句:肯定句:This is my umbrella. 这是我的伞。否认句:This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。请再看课文中的这两句话:针对一般疑问句的否认的简单答语是 No,its notit isnt。此处省略和

8、非省略形式的关系为:is not =isnt;it is = its。全句应为:No, it is not my umbrella. 不,它不是我的伞。词汇学习 Word study1suit n.一套衣服:Is this your suit 这是你的衣服吗?a mans suit 一套男装; a womans suit 一套女装2please:interjection表示有礼貌地请求对方请;烦劳:My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。Please come in. 请进。新概念第一册5-6课文详解与练习答案 新概念第一册5-6课文详解与练习答

9、案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Good morning早上好。英语中常见的问候用句。对此问候的回应一般也是Good morning。根据一天中见面时间的不同还可以说Good afternoon 下午好和 Good evening晚上好。有时英美人见面时只简单地说一声Hello。2This is Miss Sophie Dupont这位是索菲娅杜邦小姐。This is+姓名是将某人介绍给他人时常用的句式。课文中的例子还有:Sophie, this is Hans. 索菲娅,这位是汉斯。And this is Naoko. 这位是直子。3Mr BlakeMiss

10、 Sophie Dupont,布莱克先生索菲娅杜邦 小姐。英语国家中人的姓名通常由3局部组成,即:名+中间名+姓。在一般情况下,不用中间名。在熟悉的人中间,以名相称,而在正式的场合中常用 Mr先生,Mrs太太,Miss小姐或Ms女士这些称呼再加上姓。Mr用于男士的姓之前,不能单独使用,如课文中的 MrBlake;而sir 一般单独使用,是对长者、上司或男顾客的尊称,如:Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。Miss 一般用于指未婚女子,不过有时在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用。4Nice to meet you很快乐见到你。用于初次与他人见面等非正式场合。对方的回应一般应为Nice to mee

11、t you,too我也很快乐见到你。人们在正式的场合初次见面时常用:How do you do?相应的答复也是:How do you do?这是一句问候语,并非问话。5国籍与国家名称有别请不要将国家名称和与其对应的国籍搞混。课文的 French,German,Japanese,Korean以与Chinese都是表示国籍的词。句中表示中国国籍的词应为 Chinese 而不是 China。语法 Grammar in use 1特殊疑问句以疑问词 who,what,when,which,why,where,whose,how 等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句,也叫疑问词疑问句,有时还被称为 wh-问句wh

12、-question。构造一般为:疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等。作为疑问词的what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。例如以下几个问句:What make is this car 这辆小汽车是什么牌子的?What nationality are you 你是哪国人?What is your job 你的工作是干什么?What colour is it 它是什么颜色的?What size is this skirt 这条裙子是多大号的?2a 和 anSophie is a new student. 索菲娅是一名新学生。This is an umbrella. 这是一把雨伞。这两个句子中

13、出现的aan在英语中被称为不定冠词。a和an在意义上没有区别。用aan时,我们必须记住两条根本原那么:1aan有不确定的意义即所说的人、动物或东西对听者或读者来说可能是不知道的。2aan只能用于单数可数名词之前。此外还需注意a和an的发音:a在平时讲话中发+音用于辅音不是辅音字母之前;an+(用于元音不仅仅是以元音字母a,e,i,o,u开头的词之前。当我们把a或an用来说明字母表中的字母时,便会一目了然:This is a BCDGJKPQRTUVWYZ这是一个 BCDGJKPQRTUVWYZ字母。This is an AEFHILMNOSX这是一个AEFHILMNOSX字母。词汇学习 Wor

14、d study 1make n.产品的牌子;类型,型号;式样:What make is your watch 你的手表是什么牌子的?Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的。2English adj. 英国人的;英格兰人的;英国化的:Is it an American car or an English car 它是美国车还是英国车?John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 6AAlice is a student. She isnt German. S

15、he is French.This is her car. It is a French car.Hans is a student. He isnt French.He is German. This is his car. It is a German car.B1 Is she a German student or a Japanese student She isnt a German student. Shes a Japanese student.2 Is this a German car or a French car It isnt a German car. Its a

16、French car.3 Is he an Italian student or a German student He isnt an Italian student. Hes a German student.4 Is she an Italian student or a Chinese student She isnt an Italian student. She is a Chinese student.5 Is this an American car or an English car It isnt an American car. Its an English car.6

17、Is he a Japanese student or a Korean student He isnt a Japanese student. Hes a Korean student.7 Is this an English car or an Italian car It isnt an English car. Its an Italian car.8 Is he an English student or a Chinese student He isnt an English student. Hes a Chinese student.9 Is this a French car

18、 or a German car It isnt a French car. Its a German car.10 Is this a Chinese car or a Japanese carIt isnt a Chinese car. Its a Japanese car.11 Is this an English car or an American car It isnt an English car. Its an American car.12 Is this a Japanese car or a Korean car It isnt a Japanese car. Its a

19、 Korean car.新概念第一册7-8课文详解与练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text1My names = My name is。这是自我介绍时通常使用的句型:My name is后面加上自己的姓名。有时也可用Im这一句型。2Are you French,too?你也是法国人吗?在英语中,too和either两个词都表示“也的意思,然而too仅用于肯定句中,either 那么限于用在否认句中。too和either一般都放在句末,且前面通常用逗号隔开。例如:Is Sophie Italian, too 索菲娅也是意大利人吗?Is Robert a keybo

20、ard operator, too 罗伯特也是电脑录入员吗?3What nationality are you?你是哪国人?此问句用来询问对方的国籍。也可以问 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from?4Whats your job?你是做什么工作的?Whats =What is。询问对方从事何种职业时还可以说:What do you do?5Im an engineer我是工程师。Imaim=I am。口语中经常使用这种缩略形式。英语不定冠词有两个:a,an。在发音以元音音素开头的词前面用an,在发音以辅音音素开头的词前面用a。engineere

21、nDNini+的发音是以元音音素开头的,所以前面要用an。可参见Lessons 56 中的有关说明。6数字1620的英文写法16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen 19nineteen20twenty语法 Grammar in use以疑问词what所引导的特殊疑问句可参见 Lessons 56中的有关说明。What?这一问句可以用来询问国籍、工作等等:What nationality are you 你是哪国人?Whats your job 你是干什么的?对于以上两个问句可如下答复:Im Swedish. 我是瑞典人。Im an air hostess. 我是一名空中小

22、姐。现在不妨改用第3人称单数来进展类似的问答:词汇学习 Word study1job n.1职业: Whats your job 你是做什么工作的?2一件工作,活计: The whole job takes about 40 minutes. 整个工作大约需要四十分钟。3职责: Its your job to be on time. 准时是你应该做到的事。2nurse1n护士;照料者:Is she a nurse or a housewife 她是护士还是家庭主妇?2v照料;照看:All her time goes into nursing her child. 她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩

23、子上了。3v 养护;培养:nurse a young tree 养护树苗nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 8A1 My name is Robert. I am a student. I am Italian.2 Sophie is not Italian. She is French.3 Mr. Black is my teacher. He is not French.B1 Whats his job Is he a policeman Yes, he is.2 Whats her

24、 job Is she a policewoman Yes, she is.3 Whats his job Is he a taxi driver Yes, he is.4 Whats her job Is she an air hostess Yes, she is.5 Whats his job Is he a postman Yes, he is.6 Whats her job Is she a nurse Yes, she is.7 Whats his job Is he a mechanic Yes, he is.8 Whats his job Is he a hairdresser

25、 Yes, he is.9 Whats her job Is she a housewife Yes, she is.10 Whats his job Is he a milkman Yes, he is.新概念第一册9-10课文详解与练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1How are you today?你今天好吗?这是朋友或相识的人之间见面时问对方身体情况的应酬话,一般答复语为:Fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。Im fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。Im very well, thank you. 很好,谢谢。如问与对方的先生或

26、太太的情况,可以说 How is Tony?或Hows Emma?等。相应的答复可为 Hes fine,thanks 或 Shes very well,thankyou等。2And you?你好吗?是And how are you?的简单说法。在答复对方问候安康的话之后反问时用。3数字21与22的英文写法21twenty-one 22twenty-two语法 Grammar in use 1How?的一些社交上的用法 how 是一个表示“如何的疑问词,可以用来引导一些用于社交场合的套话:1用于询问安康状况或一般生活情况: How are you 你好吗? How is Helen today

27、海伦今天好吗? How have you been 你一向可好?2How do you do?你好吗?是正式介绍中的一句套话,从不用来询问安康:3how 经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里,如:Hows life 生活如何? How are things 情况怎样? Hows work 工作怎么样?2形容词的意义与作用1形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等。我们用形容词说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。例如,形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、温度、外形、颜色、产地。 2许多形容词可用以答复 Whatlike?这样的问题,并可根据上下文给出笼统的或确切的信息。3英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前,如:

28、a young nurse 一位年轻的护士; an old mechanic 一位老机械师a lazy housewife 一个懒惰的家庭主妇; a thin woman 一个瘦瘦的女人词汇学习 Word study 1look v.1看,瞧,观,望:Look at that man. Is he thin 瞧那个男人。他瘦吗?Look carefully before you cross the street. 过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。2面向,朝向: The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。 Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗

29、子朝南。 2fine adj.1安康的;舒适的: How is Steven today 史蒂文今天怎么样?2极好的,优秀的: a fine view 美好的风光 a fine teacher 一位优秀教师3优雅的,雅致的: He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 10A1 Mr. Blake isnt a student. Hes a teacher.2 This isnt my umbrella. Its your umbrella.3 Sophie isnt a tea

30、cher. Shes a keyboard operator.4 Steven isnt cold. Hes hot.5 Naoko isnt Chinese. Shes Japanese.6 This isnt a German car. Its a Swedish car.B1 Look at that man. Hes very fat.2 Look at that woman. Shes very thin.3 Look at that policeman. Hes very tall.4 Look at that policewoman. Shes very short.5 Look

31、 at that mechanic. Hes very dirty.6 Look at that nurse. Shes very clean.7 Look at Steven. Hes very hot.8 Look at Emma. Shes very cold.9 Look at that milkman. Hes very old.10 Look at that air hostess. Shes very young.11 Look at that hairdresser. Hes very busy.12 Look at that housewife. Shes very lazy

32、.新概念第一册11-12 课文详解与练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Whose shirt is that?那是谁的衬衫? 这是特殊疑问句。读时用降调。2Yes,sir?什么事,先生? 请参见 Lessons 12课文详注以与 Lessons 34课文详注。3Here you are给你。是给对方东西时的习惯用语。递给对方东西或对方在找某物而你指出该物在什么地方时,往往用这种表达方式。也可以说:Here it is指单数的物或 Here they are指复数的物。句中的are和is一般应重读。4非省略形式和省略形式之间的关系: it is not =

33、it isnt = its not。5数字30的英文写法: 30 thirty语法 Grammar in use 1以疑问词 whose 引导的特殊疑问句1用来询问所有关系。所有者总是一个人而且期望得到的答复是某人的名字加-s形式如 Tims蒂姆的,或者是一个所有格代词如 mine我的。2这时 whose 也可在句子中作表语,如:3当所有关系中指的是某件东西或某种物质时,whose后面的名词可以省略:2所有格形容词和所有格代词1所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有,即某人或某物属于某一个人,答复以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my,your等是限定词,必须始终放在名词之前,只能作定语。它们的

34、形式取决于所有者,而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine,yours等不能用在名词前,并且在说话时要加重语气。它们指人或物,单数或复数都一样。请见下表:This is my car. 这是我的汽车。定语That is her coat. 这是她的上衣。定语Your car is red,mine is blue. 你的车是红色的,我的是蓝色的。主语This book is his,not yours. 这本书是他的,不是你的。表语I have my way, and she has hers. 我有我的处事方式,她有她的。宾语2名词所有格是在词尾加-s构成的,不仅可作定语,还可作表语:Is t

35、his Daves shirt 这是戴夫的衬衫吗?作定语Whose is that shirt Is it your daughters 那条裙子是谁的?是你女儿的吗?作表语练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 12A1 Stella is here. That is her car.2 Excuse me, Steven. Is this your umbrella3 I am an air hostess. My name is Britt.4 Paul is here, too. That is his coat.B1 Whose is this ha

36、ndbag Its Stella s. Its her handbag.2 Whose is this car Its Pauls. Its his car.3 Whose is this coat Its Sophie s. Its her coat.4 Whose is this umbrella Its Stevens. Its his umbrella.5 Whose is this pen Its my daughters. Its her pen.6 Whose is this dress Its my sons. Its his dress.7 Whose is this sui

37、t Its my fathers. Its his suit.8 Whose is this skirt Its my mothers. Its her skirt.9 Whose is this blouse Its my sisters. Its her blouse.10 Whose is this tie Its my brothers. Its his tie.11 Whose is this pen Its Sophies. Its her pen.12 Whose is this pencil Its Hans. Its his pencil.词汇学习 Word study1pe

38、rhaps adv. 或许,大概,可能: Perhaps it is, sir. 也许是,先生。 Perhaps it will rain. 也许要下雨了。Perhaps its Sophies handbag. 也许这是索菲娅的手提包。2catch v.1接住,拦住: Catch!接着!2逮住,捕捉: catch a thief 捉住一个贼3染上疾病:catch a cold 伤风 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。新概念第一册13-14 课文详解与练习答案课文详注 Further notes on the text1Its the same colour一样

39、的颜色。same 通常与定冠词the连用,表示“同一的、“一样的:two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子We live in the same city. 我们住在同一个城市里。2That is a lovely hat!真是一顶得意的帽子!句末用的是赞叹号,表现出较强的感情色彩。句中的 is 用斜体,是为了强调,应重读。3数字 40,50,60,70,80,90,100,101的英文写法:40forty 50fifty 60sixty 70seventy 80eighty 90ninety 100a hundred 101a hundred and one语法 G

40、rammar in use 1what colours引导的非凡疑问句 可参见 Lessons 56语法中有关非凡疑问句的说明。以疑问词 what引导的 What colour?和 What colours?类型的非凡疑问句式用于询问颜色。又如:What colour is Annas hat 安娜的帽子是什么颜色的?What colours Helens dog 海伦的豿是什么颜色的?What colours your shirt 你的衬衣是什么颜色的?What colour is it 它是什么颜色的?2祈使句1祈使句的主语通常不直接表示出来,其谓语动词用原型。祈使句用来表示请求、建议、命

41、令、叮嘱等。如: Follow me. 跟我来。 Shut the door, please. 请关门。 Look out! 留神! Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地! Help yourself. 请自己动手。2某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词,而不是后跟人们预料的带to的动词不定式构造:Come and see this goldfish. 来看这条金鱼。不用 Come to seeGo and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. 去给自己买双新鞋吧。不用 Go to buyWait and see. 等着瞧吧。不用 Wait

42、to see词汇学习 Word study1nice adj.1美好的,好看的:Its a nice day today, isnt it 今天天气真好,不是吗?Thats a nice dress. 那件连衣裙真好看。2和蔼的,友好的:He is very nice to his neighbours. 他对邻居很友善。3使人兴奋的,令人愉快的:It is so nice to have you here. 你能在这儿真是太好了。Have a nice time! 祝你玩得愉快点!2smart adj.1漂亮的,时髦的,巧妙的:Annas hat is smart. 安娜的帽子漂亮而别致。Y

43、ou look smart in that new dress. 你穿那件新连衣裙看上去时髦而潇洒。2聪明的,伶俐的,精明的:She is a smart student. 她是一名聪颖的学生。He is a smart businessman. 他是一位精明的商人。练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 14A1 This is Pauls car.2 This is Sophies coat.3 This is Helens dog.4 This is my fathers suit.5 This is my daughters dress.B1 What colours Stevens car His cars blue.2 What colours Tims shirt His shirts white.3 What colours Sophie s

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