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1、1/8 五年级上册英语语法知识点-已整理(1)-最终一、注意名词单复数：1、可数名词复数用于：How many 后面；some/any/many/a lot of/two,three 后面；these/those后面all the 后面；between后面跟一种物体时；这个物体用复数like 后面are前面的人称和名词用复数:we/they/the children 2、名词复数的变化规则：1）一般直接+s：bears；students；2）以 s.x.sh.ch结尾；加 es：bus-buses；box-boxes；3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾；把 y 变为 i,再加 ies：libraryl
2、ibraries hobby-hobbies story-stories 4)不规则名词复数:man-men；woman-women；policeman-policemen,foot-feet,Child-children 3、不可数名词:water,soup,milk,juice,tea,coffee,bread(面包),rice(米饭),hair 等等.二、注意一般现在时动词的第三人称单数；(注：所有否定句、疑问句中；动词都用原形.)1、肯定句中哪些情况下用第三人称单数：1）人称代词 he,she,it作主语时；2）单个人名、地名或称呼作主语时；3）单数可数名词或this/that/the
3、+单数可数名词 作主语时；4）不可数名词作主语时；5）当数字或字母作主语时；等等.2、动词第三人称单数变化规则如下：1)一般情况下,动词后面直接加 s.如：works/plays/reads 2)以 s.x.sh.ch 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 es.例:teach-teaches,watch-watches,do-does,go-goes3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i,再加 es.例：study-studies fly-flies carry-carries 4）不规则动词的第三人称单数：havehas；beis三、人称代词、名词所有格及序数词1、主格用来作句中的主语；
4、用于动词前面.例：They are doctors.2、宾格用来作句中的宾语；放在动词或介词的后面.本册书上出现的词组：in front of hershow her around push meteach youWhats wrong with him?write him a letter Heres a Christmas card for you.Let me.chat with them on the Internet give it a cake 3、形容词性物主代词+名词单数复数一二三一二三主格I you he she It we you they 宾格me you him her
5、 It us you them 物主代词my 我的your 你的his 他的her 她的Its 它的our 我们的your 你们的their 他们的2/8 形容词性物主代词,之所以叫它们形容词是因为他们必须放在名词前面.4、名词所有格作形容词性；在人名或称呼后加 s；表示所属关系；如：mothers；parents5、序数词 first-second-third-fourth 1)序数词一般要与the连用;2）在某一层楼用介词on.四、选择和用所给词适当形式填空1、哪些情况加动词原形（注：有 to 时；to 跟后面的动词原形放在同一空格）1）want to+动词原形2）would like t
6、o+动词原形3）it s time to+动词原形4）情态动词 can+动词原形5）助动词（do,does,don t,doesn t）+动词原形6）let+动词原形7）祈使句中动词用原形(如 Do your homework,please.)8）否定句在句首加Don t(如 Don t do your homework,please)+动词原形2、哪些情况加动词ing 1）like 2）go 3）be good at 4）be 5)后面跟名词；如 swimming lesson动词+ing 变化规则如下:A、直接加上 ing:draw-drawing play-playing read-re
7、ading B、以不发音的 e 结尾；去 e 加上 ing skate-skating make-making dance-dancing h C、以重读闭音节结尾的单词要双写尾字母；再加上ing 从单词的末尾开始往前数符合“辅音-元音-辅音”结构的.（注：词尾是 w 和 y 的除外；如：drawing,playing 等除外）;run-running sit-sitting put-putting begin-beginning get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping 3形容词加名词（形名）如:a beautiful gir
8、l 4动词加副词（动副）如:swim well 5Some和 any 用法:“some”一般用于肯定句；“any”用于否定句和疑问句.但在一些表示委婉请求；想得到对方肯定回答时也用“some”.(小技巧：末尾是句号；句中是any；那这句型是否定句)6There be 结构就近原则,be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量.如：There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.7乐器前加 the,球类前不加 the.如：play the piano,play football 8.Who 当作特殊的第三人称 单数(Who sings we
9、ll?)9.一般现在时构成：1)主语+be(am,is,are)+其它.2)主语+行为动词+其它.关键词：always,usually,often,sometimes,on Sundays,every(注：主语为第三人称单数；动词加s,es或辅音+y时；把 y 变为 i 再加es；其他时候动词用原形)10.现在进行时关键词：look,listen,now(注：be动词(is am are)+动词 ing,两者缺一不可)11.and前后谓语动词一致.指当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时；一般谓语动词的时态保持一致.She often goesfishing and takes p
10、hotos.Let s go and have some chicken.12、相同意思不同用法的辨析：1）有；there is/are和 have/has there is/are表示在某地有某物（或某人）；表示存在；there be就近原则；have/has 表示某人有某物；表示所属关系；前面必须有主语.2）也；too-either-also too 用于肯定句和疑问句句末；either用于否定句句末；also 用于句中.3）都；both-all 3/8 both 用于两者都；all用于三者及以上都.4）好；good-well good+名词；动词+well.5)和；with-and wi
11、th 是介词；意思是“和一起”；后面跟名词或代词的宾格.and 是连词；意思是“和”；用 and连接两个单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数.五、句型转换同义句：1.It s time for sth=It s time to do sth.该是时间了（注：for 后面跟名词；to 后面跟动词原形）It s time for dinner.=Its time to have dinner.2.What time is it?=What s the time?几点呢？3.There is(are)no(s)=There isn t/aren t any没有4.have no=don t hav
12、e（any）没有 They have no legs or arms.=They dont have any legs or arms.5.has no=doesn t have（any）没有 6.I like picnics.=I like having picnics.注：like 后面跟名词或动名词（动词+ing）7.show sth(某物)to sb(某人)=show sb(某物)sth(某人)向展示东西8.give sth(某物)to sb(某人)=give sb(某物)sth(某人)给人东西9.What a lovely ant!=How lovely the ant is!多么可
13、爱的蚂蚁啊10.That is Jan s umbrella.=That umbrella is Jan s.那是杰的伞11.What s wrong with him?=What s the matter with him?他怎么了？否定句1、有 be动词（am,is,are）；be后直接加 not(am not/is not=isn t/are not=aren t);2、有 can；can后直接加 not(can not=can t);3、只有动词；在动词原形前加dont；三单动词前加 doesn t,动词变回原形.He does his homework.（改成否定句）He doesn
14、 t do his homework.一般疑问句:用 Yes或 No 回答的句子1、有 be动词；be动词提前；2、有 can或 would；can或 would 提前；3、只有动词；句首加Do/Does,动词用原形；注意：I m 变 Are you;some变 any;my 变 your;and 变 or.特殊疑问句：有特殊疑问词+一般疑问句There be 句型提问：1、对数量提问：1）How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？（注：对there be后面可数名词的数量提问时；无论主语是单数还是复数；都用复数形式提问）例:There are 24 classrooms in
15、 our school?/There is only one classroom in our school?(对划线部分提问)How many classrooms are there in our school?（注：上面两句提问；都是这句子）2）How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？例:There is some milk in the glass.(对划线部分提问)How much milk is there in the glass?2、对主语提问4/8 there be 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？（注：对 there be 后面
16、的主语提问时；无论主语是单数还是复数；都用What s 提问）例：There are six books on the desk./There is a book on the desk.(对划线部分提问)Whats on the desk?（注：上面两句提问；都是这句子）感叹句的结构：感叹句常用how 或 what 来引导（1）what 引导的感叹句；最终修饰的是名词（2）how 引导的感叹句；最终修饰的是形容词/副词What a lovely ant!=How lovely the ant is!多么可爱的蚂蚁啊！对划线提问,疑问词：What问什么；What colour 问颜色；What
17、 time 问具体时间（如几点钟）；when 问范围广的时间；where 问在哪里；How old 问年龄；how many 问数量(可数名词)；how much 1）问数量（不可数名词）；2）问价钱；how about 问怎样；who 问谁（人）；whose 问谁的东西（问主人）；同音词：Bbebee,Cseesea,Rare,Ttea,Uyou,Ywhy,I-eye,too-two-to,fourfor,herehear,theretheir,rightwrite,sunson,noknow,pairpear,itsits,buybybye,hihigh,wearwhere,aren t
18、aunt,whoswhose,近义词(或同义词)：Manylots ofa lot of,desktable,likelove,tallhigh nearbeside,tooalso,listenhear,looksee,class lesson,glasscup,homehouse,beautifulpretty,usually often,hihello,speaksaytalk,riverlake,would likewant,go home 反义词(或对应词)：yesno,thisthat,thesethose,herethere,goopenclose,bigsmall,fatthi
19、n,tallshort,longshort,blackwhite,happysad,hotcold,coolwarm,softhard,onunder,in front ofbehind,inout,boygirl,manwoman,wrongright,downup,sitstand,easydifficult,take off(脱下)put on(穿上)完整形式：I mI am,we rewe are,you reyou are,heshe is,itsit is,theresthere is,isn tis not whoswho is,Letslet us,IdI would,can
20、tcan not,don tdo not,doesn tdoes not 特殊的名词复数：manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,childchildren,footfeet,fishfish,peoplepeople,Chinese-Chinese 动词变名词:5/8 A.一般情况下在动词后面直接加er.teach-teacher,workworker,play player,sing singer,find finder B.以 e 结尾的动词直接加r.write writer,drivedriver,dancedancer C.符合重读闭音节的动词；先双
21、写最后一个字母；再加er.runrunner,beginbeginner,swimswimmer D.部分单词在词尾加or.visit visitor；actactor E.本身既是动词又是名词.cookcook,doctordoctor Culture 板块:U1,U2,U3,U5,U6,U7.1).U1:Coffee is popular in Western countries.Tea is popular in China.咖啡在西方国家受欢迎.茶在中国受欢迎.2).U2:In the UK,this is the ground floor.In the US,this is the
22、first floor.在英国；这是一楼.在美国；这是一楼.3).U3:You can see pandas in China.You can see bald eagles in the US.你在中国可以看到熊猫.你在美国能看到秃鹰.You can see polar bears in Canada.You can see kangaroos in Australia.你在加拿大能看到北极熊.你在澳大利亚能看到袋鼠.4).U5:In the US,we call a policeman a“cop”.In the UK,we call a firefighter a“fireman”.在美
23、国；我们称呼警察为cop.在英国；我们称呼消防队员为fireman.5).U6:We write Chinese addresses like this.我们这样书写中文地址.（国名地名人名；由大到小）We write English addresses like this.我们这样书写英文地址.（人名地名国名；由小到大）6/8 6).U7:Basketball is very popular in the US.Football is very popular in the UK.篮球在美国很受欢迎.足球在英国很受欢迎.Table tennis is very popular in China.乒乓球在中国很受欢迎.看国旗写国家名:(U6)UK Australia ChinaCanada _ US Sound time:U1:U2:U3:U4:7/8 U5:U6:U7:U8:U4 Song time:8/8 U8 Song time: