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1、1 And 与 but 的用法一、and的用法and 是一个极为普通的连词,被用来连接语法上同类的词、短语或句子。初学者一碰到and,往往理解为“和”,其实and 意义丰富,可表示各种不同的关系。1.表示并列,译为“和;与;以及;并”。如:Sit where you can see and hear well./He felt cold and hungry.2.表示连贯,可译成“就;可是;然后;后来”等。如:The two women lay down and soon fell asleep./He studied technology in his spare time and beca
2、me a lawyer.3.表示递进,可表示“并且;而且;甚至”等意思。如:She works quickly and accurately./The Chinese workers have the ability to do what others can do and what others can not do.4.表示转折或对比,可表示“而;但;却”等意思,相当于yet 或 but。如:I gave her$10 and yet she was not satisfied./He is lazy and his brother is diligent.5.表示因果、结果,意为“所以;
3、因此;因而;以致”。如:He took some medicine and was sick./He was sick and he took some medicine.6.表示目的。如:Ill go and fetch some water./Run and tell him to come here at once.二、but 的用法but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳。1、用作连词1).用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解。例如:She is young but very experienced.她虽
4、然年轻但经验丰富。2).用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。例如:Im sorry,but I disagree with you.对不起,我不同意你的意见。3).用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无而不”解。如:It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,一雨倾盆。I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。2、用作介词1).与 no,nobody,nothing,none,w
5、ho 等词连用,作“除之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。例如:Nobody knew her but me.除我以外,没有人认识她。Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。2).but 前面有 do 的某种形式时,but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to;其前没有 do 的某种形式时,but 后面的不定式要带 to。例如:We had no choice but to wait.除了等待,我们别无选择。He did nothing all day long but watch TV.一整
6、天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。3).与 last,next 及 one,two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:2 Jack was the last but one to arrive.杰克是倒数第二个到达的。3、用作副词1).意思上相当于 only,后面跟名词或动词。例如:Tom is but a child.汤姆只是个孩子。We can but try now.我们现在只有尝试一遍。2).but 出现在too to 结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义。例如:Im but too glad to go there with you.我非常高兴和你一起去那里。4、含 but 的习惯用语1
7、).but for without,意为“要不是;如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句。例如:But for the rain(If it hadnt rained),we would have had a pleasant journey.要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。But for your help,we couldnt have carried out the plan.如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。2).but that=except that,意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句。例如:He would have helped me but that he
8、 was short of money at that time.要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。3).but then=on the other hand,意为“不过;在另一方面”。例如:London is a noisy place,but then its also a place where you get the best entertainment.伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。4).nothing but=only,意为“只;不过是”。例如:We could see nothing but water.我们只能看见水。5).not but 意为“不是而是”,连
9、接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。例如:My bag is not black but red.我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。He failed not because he isnt clever but because he didnt work hard.他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。6).no but 意为“没有不”。例如:No child but likes Old Li in our village.没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。7).not only but also 意为“不但而且;既又”,连接两个并列成分。例如:Not only you but
10、also she has to attend the meeting.不但你而且她也得参加这次会议。He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情。8).not that but that 意为“不是因为而是因为”。例如:Not that the car is out of order,but that Ive not learned to drive.不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车。9).cant help but do 意为“不能不;忍不住”。例如:3 I c
11、ant help but cry.我忍不住哭了。10).all but 意为“除外全都,几乎”。例如:All but mother in my family can speak English.除母亲外,我的一家人都会说英语。His theory is all but correct.他的理论几乎是正确的。11).anything but 意为“不见得,决不”。例如:He is anything but a good headmaster.他不见得是个好校长。This car is anything but beautiful.这辆小汽车根本不漂亮。12).but now 意为“刚刚,适才”。
12、例如:I saw him in the office but now.我刚刚看见他在办公室。I heard the commander talk about you but now.适才听得司令讲到您。13).can(or could)but 意为“只能,只好”。例如:His father can but know a few letters.他的父亲只能认几个字母。The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick.那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。14).can(or could)not but 意为“不得不,忍不住”。例如:I could n
13、ot but tell him about it.我不得不告诉他这件事。Seeing her husbands funny face,she could not but laugh.看见丈夫的滑稽面孔,她忍不住大笑起来。15).cannot(or could not)choose but 意为“不得不,必须”。例如:They could not choose but obey.他们除了服从外别无选择。16).never but 意为“每当就”。例如:He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend,Xiao Ya.每当见到王女士时,他就想起
14、他的朋友小雅来。Her brother never comes,but he asks her for money.她兄弟来时,总是向她要钱。17).next but one 意为“再下一个”。例如:They used to live in the next house but one to me.他们住在我隔壁的隔壁。18).no one but 意为“除了外,谁也不”。例如:No one but a madman would say such words.除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话。19).not so (such a )but(that)意为“没有到(不能)”。例如:His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步。Im not so foolish(not such a fool)but(that)I can see what he really meant.我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步。