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1、中考英语语法专题复习：定语从句的用法【用法讲解】考试要求：定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准确理解句子的意思相当重要。1.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他为我生日送的礼物。Do you know everybody
2、who came to the party?你认识来宴会的每一位吗？This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。2.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法（1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。（2）whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you kn
3、ow the young man(whom)we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？Mr.Lee(whom)you want to see has come.你要见的李先生已经来了。（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。I know the boy whose father is a professor.我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。（4）which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary
4、is a book which gives the meaning of words.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.这是老师昨天提到的那本书。（5）that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I ve read the newspaper that/which carries the important news.我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?正在那
5、儿读报纸的人是谁？（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.就在我离开那天他到得北京。（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的那个房子。The factory where his father works is in the east of t
6、he city.父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。3.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。（1）作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。例如：I don t like people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.湖北生
7、产的汽车销售得很好。（2）作宾语：例如：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.奶奶给我的那本书叫大逃亡。（3）作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？The girl whose father
8、is a teacher studies very hard.她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。（4）作状语I ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那个房子。4.具体使用时注意下列问题：只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况：(1)先行词是 all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.所
9、有他说的都是真的。(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,few,much,no,some,only,very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用 which。例如：This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例如：This is the best book(that)I
10、have read this year.这是我今年读过的最好的书。(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.他谈论他记起得的人和事。只能用 which，不能用 that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。例如：I will take this one,which was exactly what we wanted.我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is
11、 of great importance.他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。(3)which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。例如：He succeeded in the competition,which made his parents very happy.他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。【例题精讲】1.After Mandela was free(自由的)in 1990,he chose to shake hands with the
12、people _ wanted to kill him.A.whose B.which C./D.who 2.Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国)?Yeah!It s the most funny one _ I have ever seen.A.that B.what C.which D.where 3.Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?Oh,she is my sister.A.who B.whose C.whom D.where 4.Do yo
13、u know the man _ saved five people in the fire?A.who B.it C.when D.whom 5.He likes low-carbon life.He lives in the house _ he built himself out of trash.A.where B.what C.which D.in which 6.People _ overweight need more water than thin people.Awho is Bwhich are Cthat is Dwho are 7.When Robinson Cruso
14、e got to the island,the first thing _ he did was to look for some food.A.who B.that C.which D.whom 8.Which is your new neighbor,Liu Hua?The man _ T-shirt is red.A.that B.who C.which D.whose 9.Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?I m not sure.Is it in the hall _ can hol
15、d 300 people?A.where B.what C.that D.when 10.What kind of movies do you like?I like movies _ scary monsters.A.which has B.that have C.what has D.why have 11.The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice.Awhich were Bthat is Cthat were Dwhich was 12.The stone bridge _ was built in Song Dynas
16、ty was repaired last monthAthat Bwhen Cwhere 13.Why dont you like fishing?Fishing is a hobby _ needs much patience,but I m not patient at all.A.who B.that C.it D.what 14.Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friendsYes.It seems to be the best way of communication _ people like.A.that B.which C.who 1
17、5.Language learning is nt hard itself The attitude _ you have decides if you can learn it well at last.Awhat Bwho Cwhich 16.Lily,what kind of museums do you like?I like museums _ can provide visitors with free WiFi.A.what B.that C.who 17.Have you ever heard of the news _ is about the Strawberry Conc
18、ert?Awho Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen【答案与解析】1.D。句意：在曼德拉1990获得自由后，他选择了与想杀他的人握手。先行词指人，所以选who。2.A。本句意为：你看舌尖上的中国这部纪录片了吗？它是我看过最有趣的一个纪录片。先行词有最高级修饰，关系代词选that。3.A。句意：你知不知道跟我们老师谈话的那个女孩是谁？哦，她是我的妹妹。本句中先行词是the girl，且 the girl 做后面定语从句的主语，故选用主格 who。4.A。句意：你知道那个在大火中救了五个人的人吗？根据先行词是man，故选 A who。5.C。本题考查定语从句。限行词the house在定语从句中
19、作 built 的宾语，所以选 which。6.D。句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定语从句的先行词是people，且关系词在从句中作主语，故答案为D 项。7.B。句意：当鲁滨逊到达岛上时，他做的第一件事就是寻找一些食物。本题考查定语从句。先行词指物且被序数词first 修饰，故只能选用关系词that，因此 B 项正确。8.D。本句意为：刘华，哪个是你的新邻居？定语从句的关系词whose 等于先行词的所有格（即先行词s）；该题的先行词是 the man，所以 whose T-shirt=The man s T-shirt，故答案选 D。9.C。句意：学校英语口语比赛今晚将在哪里举行?我不确定
20、。是在能容纳 300人的大礼堂吗？where 作为定语从句的地点状语；when 充当定语从句中时间状语；what 充当名词性从句中的主语、宾语和标语。此处作为先行词the hall 的定语从句，这个定语从句中缺少主语，故用代词that 来充当。故选 C。10.B。本题意为：你喜欢什么类型的电影？我喜欢那种有可怕的怪物的电影。movies 复数名词后面接 have，故答案选 B。11.D。句意为：我哥哥上周拍的那张照片很好。先行词“the photo”是单数，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式；由定语从句中的时间状语“last week”可知，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，故选D。12.A。“The
21、 stone bridge”是定语从句的先行词，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词应用 that，故选 A。13.B。句意：你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？钓鱼是需要很大的耐心的一种爱好，但我根本没有耐心。who 谁；that那；it 它；what什么。先行词 a hobby在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词that代替，所以选 B。14.A。本题考查定语从句，先行词前有最高级修饰，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，故选择A。15.C。句意：语言学习本身并不难。你的态度决定了你最终能否学好它。先行词是“The attitude”，指物，在从句中作have的宾语，使用关系代词that 或which，故选 C。16.B。本
22、题考查定语从句，先行词为museums，关系代词在从句中做主语，故选 B。17.C。the new是先行词，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或 which，故选 C。【巩固练习】I单项选择。1Mary is a young cook _ wants to improve school dinners.Awho Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich 2 Pauls uncle is the man _ taught us English last yearAwhere Bwhich Cwho Dwhen 3.Is there any student in your class _
23、 family is in Beijing?A.whose B.which C.that D.who 4.He took pictures and videos of many things that people_.A.have seen ago B.had seen ago C.have never seen before D.had never seen before 5.Is this factory _ you went to last summer?A.that B.the one C.which D.who 6.The number of the students _ staye
24、d up late last night reached fifty.A.who B.whom C.what D.which 7.The teacher _ we saw yesterday is Mr Wang,a new comer.A.B.where C.what D.how 8.It sounded like a bird _ was flying over my head.A.who B.how C.what D.which 9.We dont know the name of the fish _ eat people in the river in South America.A
25、.who B.whom C.whose D.which 10.On my way home after school yesterday I met a young man _ I thought was your best friend Tom.A.whom B.what C.which D.who 11.Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher gave her love to her students in danger.A.who B.that C.whom D.which 12.The little boy was
26、wrapping the present _ would be sent to his teacher.A.who B./C.what D.that 13.Success will belong to those _never say“impossible”.A.whom B.what C.who D.which 14.What are you looking for?I m looking for the ring _my husband bought me last year.A.that B.who C.whom D.it 15.This is the primary school _
27、I studied three years ago.A.where B.when C.that D.which II.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.The house _ we live in is very big.2.The boy _ is playing football is very clever.3.This is the book _ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools
28、_ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring,_ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _ your father once lived?10.Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.【答案与解析】I单项选择。1.A。句意：Mary 是一位想改善
29、学校餐饮的年轻厨师。本题考查定语从句中的关系代词的用法。先行词cook(厨师)指人，故排除 D；因为先行词在从句中作主语，故选 A。2.C。句意：Paul的叔叔是去年教我们英语的那个人。本题考查了定语从句中关系代词的用法。先行词为the man，且在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词，排除 A、D 两项；先行词指人，排除B 项。3.A。本题的意思为“你们班有家在北京的学生吗？”从句的先行词为 student,所填的词应在定语从句中作family 的定语，whose指代“那个学生的”，正合题意。4.D。that 引导的为定语从句，用来修饰它前面的名词，句意为“他拍了一些人们从未看见过的照片和磁带录像
30、。”“从未看见过的”动作发生在“拍照”的动作以前，故应用过去完成时。5.B。句意是“这是你们去年夏天去过的那家工厂吗?”解答该题时，如果不注意分析句子的成分很容易误选。此题的主语是 this factory，you went to last summer是定语从句。但在主句中缺少表语成分。表语the one后省了关系代词that。引导定语从句的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省去。因此A，C，D 不对。6.A。定语从句中缺主语。先行词是the students，所以关系代词应用who。7.A。the teacher是先行词，在定语从句中省略了saw的宾语 whom。8.D。定语从句中缺主语。
31、先行词不是指人，故答案A不对。B和C均是副词。9.D。the fish是先行词，应由 which引导定语从句，故只能选 D。10.D。who在定语从句中做主语。从句中的I thought是个插入语。11.B。由于先行词 teacher 被形容词最高级修饰，所以定语从句的引导词只能用that。12.D。由于定语从句的先行词是present，所以引导词只能选 D答案。13.C。考查定语从句的引导词，因为先行词指的是人，所以引导词选择答案C。14.A.。定语从句的先行词是物，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，所以选择答案A。15.A。句意为“这是我三年前学习的小学”。句中的引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以
32、选择答案A。II.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.that/which 2.who/that 3.that/which 4.who/that 5.that 6.that 7.which8.which/that 9.where 10.when 中考英语语法专项复习定语从句定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面，但相对考得比较少。思维导图记知识点一、定语从句概述:在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫
33、做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。考点分析知识梳理定语从句关系词关系代词关系副词who 引导的定语从句,who 在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词whom 引导的定语从句,whom 在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词whose 引导的定语从句,whose 在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词that 引导的定语从句，that 在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词which 引导的定语从句，which 在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when 为关系副词，做定语从句的时间
34、状语由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where 为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语why 引导的定语从句，why 做原因状语引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that。引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。二、关系代词的用法1、who 引导的定语从句,who 在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。2、whom 引导的定语从句,whom 在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look
35、 for/look after/take care of/put on/take off)3、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。4、that 引导的定语从句，that 在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.(that 指人时，相当于 who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which)1-cn- 5、which 引导的定语从句，which 在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。三、关系副词的用法1、由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间
36、状语。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.(介词 which 可以代替when)2、由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The f
37、actory in which his father works is in the west of the city.(介词 which 可以代替 where)3、Why 引导的定语从句，why 做原因状语。I know the reason why he came late.(forwhich 可以代替 why)The reason why/for which he was late was that he was ill.四、关系代词的主谓一致关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。The student who is good at English studies har
38、d.The students who are good at English study hard.五、只能用 that的情况小结：1.在 there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。2.当先行词为主句的表语This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。3.以 Here is(are)开头的句子时。Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。4.It is(h
39、igh)time+定语从句中。It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。5.当先行词是 way 等词时，关系代词用that 或者 in which 在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who 或者 which 引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到
40、过跳得最高的学生。7.当先行词被 the last,the very 和 the only 修饰时。This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。8.在强调句子中，并且以who,which,what 开头时。Who was it that was lost?究竟是谁迷路了？9.当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。10.当先行词被 all,every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修饰时
41、，This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。11.当先行词既指人又指物时。The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.12.当先行词为 anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用 that,不用 which；但用 something时，用 which 或者 that均可。Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。13.当先行
42、词是疑问代词who 时。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？六、定语从句分类定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之
43、间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。This was the American Civil War,which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.考点一：考查指物的关系代词的用法典例 1:What are you looking for?I m looking for the ring _ my husband bought me last year.(山东滨州中考题)21 c n j y A.that B.who C.whom D.it【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行词考点突破ring
44、(戒指)是“物”，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which 或 that，故选 A。2-1-c-n-j-y【答案】A 举一反三1.People often like clothes _ can make them look young A.when B.who C.that 2.The English-Chinese dictionary _ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A.whose B.when C.who D.that 3.The little boy was wrapping the pre
45、sent _ would be sent to his teacher.A.who B./C.what D.that 考点二：考查指人的关系代词的用法当先行词为指人的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that,who,whomthat 和 who 可用作主语或宾语，而whom 只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点(从数量上看，比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些)。如：典例 2：I hate people _ talk much but do little.A.who B.which C.whose D.whom【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。由于定语从句的先行
46、词people(人们)是“人”，同时关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以要用 who，故选 A。【答案】A 举一反三1.Most students like the teachers _ understand them well.权所有A.who B.when C.what D.which 2.Success will belong to those _ never say“impossible”.A.whom B.what C.who D.which 3.Do you know the girl _ is helping the old woman.Oh,thats my sister.A.wh
47、om B.whose C.who D.where 考点三：考查关系副词的用法典例 5：This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago A.where B.when C.that D.which【解析】由于受定语从句修饰的名词the primary school(小学)表示地点，所以定语从句用 where来引导(同时 where在定语从句中用作地点状语)。句意为：这就是我三年前就读的小学。【答案】A 举一反三1.There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week
48、.A.who B.where C.what D.which 2.I still remember the time _ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year A.when B.what C.who D.which 考点四:综合考查关系代词和其他知识典例 4：.Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No,I prefer songs_ loud A.that is B.which is C.that are D.what are【解析】由于先行词songs指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词可用that 或which，
49、但 A、B、C 均符合此要求，而不同的是，它们后面所接的谓语动词不同。那么到底该用 is 还是 are呢?同学们此时就要注意先行词是单数还是复数了。对于此题而言，由于先行词songs是复数，所以其后定语从句的谓语也要用复数，故选 C。【答案】C 举一反三1.We all like the story about the teacher _ happened in our school last week.A.which B.who C.whom D.what 2.My cousin is a boy _ lots of trouble to his parents.A.who bring B.
50、which brings C.who brings D.that bring 真题在线1.A kind of shared bike_ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.A.it B.who C.which 2.We should look up to those scientists _ sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship(天舟一号货运飞船)to space.A.which B.who C.what 3.Id like to tell you about the table