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1、初中英语语法讲座初中英语语法讲座定语从句定语从句By-Zak zeng【考点扫描】【考点扫描】（一）（一）定语定语从句的功用和结构从句的功用和结构（二）（二）关系关系代词和关系副词的功用代词和关系副词的功用（三三）各各个个关关系系代代词词和和关关系系副副词词的的具具体体用法用法 一一.定语从句的功用和结构定语从句的功用和结构 1、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先先行词行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有有关系代词关系代词和关系关系副词副词小小的感受一下1、Thisisthepresentthathega
2、vemeformybirthday.2、Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?3、IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?4、This is the place where Chairman Maooncelived.（二二）.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词先行词和定语从句定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语状语。1.作主语关系代词在
3、定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人人称称和和数数须和先先行行词词一致。例如：Idontlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.The cars which are produced in HubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me iscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。Whats the name of the youn
4、g man whosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语Ill never forget the day when I firstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三三.各个关系代词和关系副词的各个关系代词和关系副词的具体具体用法用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.The boy who is wearing the black jacket isveryclever
5、.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。The girl whose mother is ill is staying athometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。A dictionary is a book which gives themeaningofwords.Here is the book(which)the
6、 teachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Ive read the newspaper that(which)carriestheimportantnews.Who is the person that is reading thenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。Thisistheh
7、ousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.五五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题具体使用时还要注意下列问题1.只能使用只能使用that,不用不用which 的情的情况：况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被
8、形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只只能能用用which，不不用用that 的的情情况况(1)在非限制性定语从中。Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.体会一下中考体会一下中考1.(2004年哈
9、尔滨中考试题)-Doestheteacherknoweverybody_plantedthetrees?-Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who2.(2004年常州市中考试题)The letter _ I received from himyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)-Where is the scientist _ gave usthetalkyesterday?-HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.
10、whoseD.which4.(2004年益阳市中考试题)Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【满分演练】【满分演练】1.-Who is the man _ was talking to our Englishteacher?-Oh!ItsMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople_donthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_vis
11、itedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which9.He still remembers the days _ hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,_ car had been stolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothe
12、village_hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.This is the house _ our belovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidnttellmetheplace_hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvill
13、age,_wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.The old man is a professor.He teacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Weliste
14、nedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.The man waved to us.The man was myuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.1.Thehouse_weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy_iswearingtheblac
15、kjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools_hehadvisited.6.There is nothing in the world _ canfrightenhim.7.She wears a gold ring,_ is veryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_makestoysforchildren.9.Is this the place _ your father oncelived?10.Illneverforgetthedays_IjoinedtheLeague.