双语版材料力学第六章ppt课件.ppt

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1、在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么 CHAPTER 6 DEFORMATION OF BEAMS DUE TO BENDING Mechanics of MaterialsMechanics of Materials1在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么2在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么 64 Determine deflections and angles of rotation of

2、 the beam by the principle of superposition65 Check the rigidity of the beam CHAPTER 6 DEFORMATION IN CHAPTER 6 DEFORMATION IN CHAPTER 6 DEFORMATION IN BENDINGBENDINGBENDING66 Strain energy of the beam in bending 67 Method to solve simple statically indeterminate problems of the beam68 Strain energy

3、 in bending beam 61 61 Summary Summary 62 62 Approximate differential equation of the deflecture curve of the Approximate differential equation of the deflecture curve of the beam and its integralbeam and its integral 63 63 Method of conjugate beam to determine the deflect and the Method of conjugat

4、e beam to determine the deflect and the angle of rotation of the beamangle of rotation of the beam 3在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么61 概述概述62 梁的挠曲线近似微分方程及其积分梁的挠曲线近似微分方程及其积分63 求梁的挠度与转角的共轭梁法求梁的挠度与转角的共轭梁法64 按叠加原理求梁的按叠加原理求梁的挠度与转角挠度与转角65 梁的刚度校核梁的刚度校核 第六章第六章 弯曲变形弯曲变形 66 梁内的弯曲应变能梁内的弯曲应变

5、能67 简单超静定简单超静定梁的求解方法梁的求解方法68 梁内的弯曲应变能梁内的弯曲应变能4在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6 6 SUMMARYStudy rangeStudy range:Calculation of the displacement of the straight beam with Calculation of the displacement of the straight beam with equal section in symmetric bending.equal section in

6、symmetric bending.Study objectStudy object:Do rigidity check for the beamDo rigidity check for the beam;Solve problems Solve problems about statically indeterminate beamsabout statically indeterminate beams(complementary complementary equations are supplied by the conditions of equations are supplie

7、d by the conditions of deformation of the beam)deformation of the beam)5在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6 6 概概 述述研究范围:等直梁在对称弯曲时位移的计算。研究目的:对梁作刚度校核;解超静定梁(变形几何条件提供补充方程)。6在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么1).Deflection:The displacement of the centroid of a section i

8、n a direction perpendicular to the axis of the beam.It is designated by the letter v.It is positive if its direction is the same as f,or negative.3、The relation between the angle of rotation and deflection curve:1、Two basic quantities of to measure deformation of the beam小变形小变形PxvCq qC1f2).Angle of

9、rotation:The angle by which cross section turns with respect to its original position about the neutral axis.it is designated by the letter.It is positive if the angle of rotation rotates in the clockwise direction,or negative.2、deflection curve:The curve which the axis of the beam was transformed i

10、nto after deformation is called deflection curve.Its equation is v=f(x)7在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么健身增肌 二次发育WeiXinTaoBao8在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么1.挠度:横截面形心沿垂直于轴线方向的线位移。用v表示。与 f 同向为正,反之为负。2.转角:横截面绕其中性轴转动的角度。用 表示,顺时针转动为正,反之为负。二、挠曲线:变形后,轴线变为光滑曲线,该曲线称

11、为挠曲线。二、挠曲线:变形后,轴线变为光滑曲线,该曲线称为挠曲线。其方程为:其方程为:v=f(x)三、转角与挠曲线的关系:三、转角与挠曲线的关系:一、度量梁变形的两个基本位移量一、度量梁变形的两个基本位移量小变形小变形PxvCq qC1f9在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么 6-2 APPROXIMATE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF THE DEFLECTURE CURVE OF THE BEAM AND ITS INTEGRAL1、Approximate differential equation o

12、f the deflection curveFormula(2)is approximate differential equation of the deflection curve.Small deformationfxM0fxM0fxM011在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么For the straight beam with the same shape and equal section area,approximate differential equation of the deflection curve m

13、ay be written as the following form:2、Determine the equation of the deflection curve(elastic curve)1).integral of the differential equation2).Boundary conditions of the displacementPABCPD12在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么对于等截面直梁,挠曲线近似微分方程可写成如下形式:二、求挠曲线方程(弹性曲线)二、求挠曲线方程(弹性曲线)1.微分方程

14、的积分2.位移边界条件PABCPD13在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Discussion:Fit to the thinner and longer beam that made up from linear elastic material when its deformation is of planar bending and smaller.May be applied to determine the displacements of the beam with the same section shape a

15、nd equal section area acting various loads.Integrate constants may be determined by the geometric conditions相容(boundary conditions、continuity conditions).Advantages:Range that it be applied is wide,may determine directly accuracy solution;Defects:Complicated calculation.Displacement conditions at th

16、e supports:Continuity conditions:Sliding conditions:14在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么讨论:讨论:适用于小变形情况下、线弹性材料、细长构件的平面弯曲。适用于小变形情况下、线弹性材料、细长构件的平面弯曲。适用于小变形情况下、线弹性材料、细长构件的平面弯曲。适用于小变形情况下、线弹性材料、细长构件的平面弯曲。可应用于求解承受各种载荷的等截面或变截面梁的位移。可应用于求解承受各种载荷的等截面或变截面梁的位移。可应用于求解承受各种载荷的等截面或变截面梁的位移。可应用于求解承受各

17、种载荷的等截面或变截面梁的位移。积分常数由挠曲线变形的几何相容条件(边界条件、连续条积分常数由挠曲线变形的几何相容条件(边界条件、连续条积分常数由挠曲线变形的几何相容条件(边界条件、连续条积分常数由挠曲线变形的几何相容条件(边界条件、连续条 件)确定。件)确定。件)确定。件)确定。优点:使用范围广,可以编程求出较精确的数值解;优点:使用范围广,可以编程求出较精确的数值解;优点:使用范围广,可以编程求出较精确的数值解;优点:使用范围广,可以编程求出较精确的数值解;缺点:计算比较繁琐。缺点:计算比较繁琐。缺点:计算比较繁琐。缺点:计算比较繁琐。支点位移条件:连续条件:光滑条件:15在日常生活中,随

18、处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Example 1 Example 1 Determine the elastic curves Determine the elastic curves、maximum deflections and maximum deflections and maximum angles of rotation of the following beams.maximum angles of rotation of the following beams.Set up the coordinates and wri

19、te out Set up the coordinates and write out the bending moment equationthe bending moment equation:Write out the differential Write out the differential equation and integrate itequation and integrate itDeterminate the integral constants Determinate the integral constants by the boundary conditionsb

20、y the boundary conditionsSolution:PLxf16在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么例例1 1 求下列各等截面直梁的弹性曲线、最大挠度及最大转角。建立坐标系并写出弯矩方程写出微分方程的积分并积分应用位移边界条件求积分常数解:PLxf17在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Write out the equation of the elastic curve and plot its curveWrite out the equa

21、tion of the elastic curve and plot its curveThe maximum deflection and the maximum angle of rotationThe maximum deflection and the maximum angle of rotationxfPL18在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么写出弹性曲线方程并画出曲线最大挠度及最大转角xfPL19在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Soluti

22、on:Set up the coordinates and write out the bending moment equation xfPLa Write out the differential equation and integrate it 20在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么解:建立坐标系并写出弯矩方程写出微分方程的积分并积分xfPLa21在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Determine the integral constants b

23、y boundary conditionsPLaxf22在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么应用位移边界条件求积分常数PLaxf23在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Write out the equation of the elastic curve and plot its curveMaximum deflection and the maximum angle of rotationPLaxf24在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未

24、意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么写出弹性曲线方程并画出曲线最大挠度及最大转角PLaxf25在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6-3 METHOD OF CONJUGATE BEAM TO DETERMINE THE DEFLECT AND THE ANGLE OF ROTATION OF THE BEAM 1 1、Usage of the method:Determine the deflection and the angle of rotation of designated point for the

25、 beam2 2、Theory base of the method:Similar analogy:Above two formulas are similar.By the method of analogy we can Above two formulas are similar.By the method of analogy we can transform the differential equation,in form,into relation equation between transform the differential equation,in form,into

26、 relation equation between the internal force and the external load,further we can transform the the internal force and the external load,further we can transform the problems to determine the deflection and the angle of rotation into the one of problems to determine the deflection and the angle of

27、rotation into the one of bending moment and shearing force.bending moment and shearing force.Differential equation of the Differential equation of the deflection curve of the beamdeflection curve of the beamRelation between the bending Relation between the bending moment of the beam and the moment o

28、f the beam and the external load acting on the beamexternal load acting on the beam26在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6-3 求梁的挠度与转角的共轭梁法求梁的挠度与转角的共轭梁法一、方法的用途:求一、方法的用途:求梁上指定点的挠度与转角。梁上指定点的挠度与转角。二、方法的理论基础:相似比拟。二、方法的理论基础:相似比拟。上二式形式相同,用类比法,将微分方程从形式上转化为外载与内力的关系方程。从而把求挠度与转角的问题转化为求弯矩与剪力的问题。

29、27在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么3 3、Conjugate beam(real beam and imagine beam):):The same coordinates The same geometric section shapeCorresponding equation of the real beam:Integral of“force”differential equation of the imagine beam.Corresponding equation of the imagine beam:2

30、8在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么三、共轭梁(实梁与虚梁的关系):三、共轭梁(实梁与虚梁的关系):x轴指向及坐标原点完全相同。几何形状完全相同。实梁对应方程:虚梁“力”微分方程的积分虚梁对应方程:29在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么The quantities of 下脚标带“0”are all that of coordinate origin.Integral of“displacement”differential equation of the

31、 real beamSet up the“force”boundary conditions of the imagine beam according to the“displacement”boundary conditions of the real beam.30在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么下脚标带“0”的量均为坐标原点的量。实梁“位移”微分方程的积分依实梁的“位移”边界条件建立虚梁的“力”边界条件。31在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么中间

32、铰中间铰支座支座A固定端固定端AA固定端固定端AA自由端自由端AA自由端自由端AA铰支端铰支端AA铰支端铰支端AA中间铰中间铰支座支座A中间铰中间铰A中间铰中间铰A32在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么中间铰中间铰支座支座A固定端固定端AA固定端固定端AA自由端自由端AA自由端自由端AA铰支端铰支端AA铰支端铰支端AA中间铰中间铰支座支座A中间铰中间铰A中间铰中间铰A33在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Summary:Relations between

33、the equal section real beam and the imagine beam as following:Coordinate origin and direction of axis x are all completely same.Geometric shapes are completely same.Set up the“force”boundary conditions of the imagine beam according to the“displacement”boundary conditions of the real beam.Determine“d

34、isplacement”of the real beam according to“internal force”of the imagine beam.a:Fixed end Free endb:c:middle hinge middle hingeHinged supportsHinged supports34在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么总总结结:等等截截面面实实梁梁与与虚虚梁梁的的关关系系如如下下:x 轴指向及坐标原点完全相同。几何形状完全相同。依实梁的“位移”边界条件,建立虚梁的“力”边界条件。依虚梁的“内力”

35、,求实梁的“位移”。a:固定端 自由端b:铰支座 铰支座c:中间铰支座 中间铰链35在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Solution:Set up coordinates and the imagine beam Example 2 Determine the displacement at point B(deflection and angle of rotation of the following straight beams with the same shape section and equal sectio

36、n area.qLABfxABLDetermine the bending moment of the real beam in order to determine loads of the imagine beam Determine the shearing force and the bending moment at the point B of the imagine beam in order to determine the deflection and the angle at the same point of the real beam.36在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪

37、费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么解:建立坐标和虚梁例例2 2 求下列等截面直梁B点的位移(挠度和转角)。求虚梁B点的剪力和弯矩,以求实梁B点的转角和挠度求实梁的弯矩方程 以确定虚梁荷载qLABfxABL37在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么 ABLB点之矩 Area of of left side of the point BThe moment of the area of of left side of the point B about point B38在日常生活中,随处都可

38、以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么求虚梁B点的剪力和弯矩,以求实梁B点的转角和挠度ABLB点之矩 39在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Solution:Set up coordinates and the imagine beamDetermine the shearing force and bending moment of point B in the imagine beam.Find out bending moment equation so as to dete

39、rmine loads of the imagine beam.qqa2qaABCDqa2/2xMqa2/2qa2/23qa2/8+aaafxD40在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么解:建立坐标和虚梁求虚梁B点的剪力和弯矩求实梁的弯矩方程以确定虚梁荷载qqa2qaABCDqa2/2xMqa2/2qa2/23qa2/8+aaafxD41在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Determine the shearing force and the bending

40、moment at point B of the imagine beam.How about that if the point C move to right or left?qa2/2xMqa2/2qa2/23qa2/8+ABCaaaDqa2/23qa2/842在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么求虚梁B点的剪力和弯矩C点左右位移怎样?点左右位移怎样?qa2/2xMqa2/2qa2/23qa2/8+ABCaaaDqa2/23qa2/843在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪

41、费这一点点算不了什么Convert the change of section into the bending moment.Geometric shape:the length is not change,moment of inertia changed into I0.Equation corresponding to the real beam:Equation corresponding to the imagine beam:4 4、Method of conjugate beam for change section beam:其它与等截面直梁完全相同。44在日常生活中,随处都

42、可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么将截面的变化折算到弯矩之中去。几何形状:长度不变,惯性矩变为I0。实梁对应方程:虚梁对应方程:四、变截面直梁的共轭梁法:四、变截面直梁的共轭梁法:其它与等截面直梁完全相同。45在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Example 3 Determine displacement at point C of the following change section beam.Knowing:IDE=2IEB=2IAD.Solution:Set up

43、 coordinates and the imagine beam.aaP0.5aABCDExfxM46在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么例例3 3 求下列变截面直梁C点的位移,已知:IDE=2IEB=2IAD。解:建立坐标和虚梁aaP0.5aABCDExfxM47在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么aaP0.5aABCDExfxMDetermine the shearing force and the bending moment at point C o

44、f the imagine beam.48在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么aaP0.5aABCDExfxM求虚梁C点的剪力和弯矩49在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 DETERMINE DEFLECTIONS AND ANGLES OF ROTATION DETERMINE DEFLECTIONS AND ANGLES OF ROTATION DETERMINE DEFLECTIONS AND ANGLES

45、 OF ROTATION OF THE BEAM BY THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITIONOF THE BEAM BY THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITIONOF THE BEAM BY THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION1 1 1 1、Superposition of loadsSuperposition of loads:多个载荷同时作用于结构而引起的变形等于每个载荷多个载荷同时作用于结构而引起的变形等于每个载荷多个载荷同时作用于结构而引起的变形等于每个载荷多个载荷同时作用于结构而引起的变形等于每个载荷 单独作用于结

46、构而引起的变形的代数和。单独作用于结构而引起的变形的代数和。单独作用于结构而引起的变形的代数和。单独作用于结构而引起的变形的代数和。2 2、Superposition of structural formsSuperposition of structural forms(rigidization method of rigidization method of segment by segmentsegment by segment):):):):50在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么6-4 6-4 按叠加原理求梁的按叠加

47、原理求梁的挠度与转角挠度与转角一、载荷叠加:一、载荷叠加:多个载荷同时作用于结构而引起的变形 等于每个载荷单独作用于结构而引起的变形的代数和。二、结构形式叠加(逐段刚化法):二、结构形式叠加(逐段刚化法):51在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Solution、Resolve the loads as shown in the figureqqPP=+AAABBB CaaDetermine the deformations of the beam under the action of simple load by look

48、ing up the table.Example 4Example 4 Determine The angle of rotation of point A and the deflection of point C by theorem of superposition.52在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么例例4 4 按叠加原理求A点转角和C点 挠度。解、载荷分解如图由梁的简单载荷变形表,查简单载荷引起的变形。qqPP=+AAABBB Caa53在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许

49、你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么qqPP=+AAABBB Caasum up54在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么qqPP=+AAABBB Caa叠加55在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Example 5 Determine the deflection of point C by theorem of superposition.Solution:Divide the load infinitely as shown in the figure.Deter

50、mine the deformations of the beam under the action of simple load by looking up the table.Sum upq00.5L0.5LxdxbxfC56在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么例例5 按叠加原理求C点挠度。解:载荷无限分解如图由梁的简单载荷变形表,查简单载荷引起的变形。叠加q00.5L0.5LxdxbxfC57在日常生活中,随处都可以看到浪费粮食的现象。也许你并未意识到自己在浪费,也许你认为浪费这一点点算不了什么Example 6 Exp

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