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1、 定语可以由形容词,代词,数词,名词,分词,不定式,介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词,介词短语为例）The girl behind the tree is Kate.(介词短语作定语)(现在分词作定语)The man driving too fast was drunk.The boy named Tom is my classmate.(过去分词作定语)Sixteen-year-old kids should study hard first.(数词作定语)(不定式作定语)I have too much homework to do.a lovely girl 一个可爱的女孩一个可爱的女
2、孩 a girl who likes purple 一个喜欢紫色的女孩一个喜欢紫色的女孩 注意注意：形容词做定语修饰名词，一般放：形容词做定语修饰名词，一般放在名词之前；从句作定语修饰名词，则放在名词之前；从句作定语修饰名词，则放在名词之后。下面我们具体了解定语在名词之后。下面我们具体了解定语从句。从句。lovely是形容词做定语来修饰名词是形容词做定语来修饰名词girl.who likes purple 是句子来修饰是句子来修饰girl,作用作用与与lovely相同相同做定语做定语,称之为定语从句称之为定语从句在在复合句中复合句中，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的句子叫的句子叫定语从句定语从
3、句。Why do you look unhappy?My mother bought me a T-shirt that I dont like.discussion What clothes do you like?I like clothes that are comfortable.I like clothes that _.I like music.Most people like the music.I like musicthat most people like.that 修饰先行词修饰先行词 musicthat 在从句中做宾语在从句中做宾语.(可以省略可以省略)定语从句定语从句
4、II like singers.The singers sing the words clearly.I like singerswho sing the words clearly.who 修饰先行词修饰先行词 singerswho 在从句中做主语在从句中做主语.(不能省不能省)定语从句定语从句II在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句I love music that is sweet and beautiful.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句I love music.The music is sweet and beautiful.I like music
5、.I can sing along with the music.I like music that I can sing along with 先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句He has a friend.The friend can speak English He has a friend who can speak English 先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句This is the present (that)he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?定语从句定语
6、从句III1.Rosa likes music thats quiet and gentle.Rosa喜欢轻柔的音乐。喜欢轻柔的音乐。2.I like music that I can sing along with.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐3.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星 请用请用that or who 并成一句并成一句1.I like music.The music is loud and exciting._2.She loves movies.The movies ar
7、e romantic._I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Ex.I3.Tony has a good friend.The friend can speak English well._4.Jim reads books.The books are written in English._ Tony has a good friend who can speak English well.Jim reads books that are written in English.Ex.
8、I5.We have a good teacher.The teacher is very beautiful._6.I love songs.Zhou Jielun singsthe songs_We have a good teacher who is very beautifulI love songs that Zhou Jielun sings.Ex.I中考聚焦中考聚焦：1George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.(2003杭州）杭州）A who B he C which.2 The police ca
9、ught the man_ stole my handbag.（2003扬州中考题）扬州中考题）A he B that C which 3 The dress _ she is wearing today was a birthday present from her aunt.A what B it C this D that.（2003连云港）连云港）ABDEx.II4 With the money _ he had saved,he went on with his studies at school.A what B that C.who D.where（03常州）常州）5 The s
10、ongs _ Beetles sang were very popular.（2003徐州中考题）徐州中考题）A which B who C whose.6 This years Olympics are special because the Games are coming back to the country _ they started in.(2004怀化市中考题）怀化市中考题）A as B when C there D which.BADEx.II7 Im looking at the picture_ you sent me with your letter.（2004杭州中考
11、题）杭州中考题）A.who B.which C.it 8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.（2004常州）常州）A who B where C what D that.9 She is the only person _ I met yesterday.A that B who C whichBDAEx.II将两句并成一个带定语从句的复合句将两句并成一个带定语从句的复合句1 在车祸中受伤的那个女孩现正在医院里在车祸中受伤的那个女孩现正在医院里 A girl was injured in the accid
12、ent.She is now in hospital._.The girl whothat was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.Ex.III2 接电话的那个男人告诉我你出去了接电话的那个男人告诉我你出去了 A man answered the phone.He told me you were away_.The man whothat answered the phone told me you were away.Ex.III3 开往机场的公共汽车每半小时一趟。开往机场的公共汽车每半小时一趟。A bus goes to th
13、e airport.It runs every half hour._.A bus thatwhich goes to the airport runs every half hour.Ex.III4 招待我们的女服务员既没有礼貌也不耐烦招待我们的女服务员既没有礼貌也不耐烦A waitress severed us.She was very impolite and impatient._.A waitress who severed us was very impolite and impatientEx.IIIGrammar FocusWhat kind of music do you l
14、ike?Rosa likes music that is quiet and gentle.I love singers who write their own music.We prefer music that has great lyrics.ExercisesIV:1.A:What kind of pet do you like?2.B:_(quite unusual)3.2.A:What kind of music do you like?4.B:_(I can sing along with).3.A:What kind of food do you like?4.B:_(real
15、ly delicious)I like pets that are quite unusual.I like music that I can sing along withI like food that is really deliciousExercisesIV:1.1.The man is my brother.He is standing under the tree.The man is my brother.He is standing under the tree.2.2._._.3.3.I like music.I can sing with itI like music.I
16、 can sing with it4.4._._.5.5.He missed the train.He usually catches this train.He missed the train.He usually catches this train._._.6.6.Do you know the girl?She is talking with the teacher.Do you know the girl?She is talking with the teacher._._.7.7.Liu Li likes the singers.They can write their own
17、 lyrics.Liu Li likes the singers.They can write their own lyrics.8.8._._.The man who is staning under the tree is my brother.I like music that I can sing with.He missed the train that he usually catches.Do you know the girl who is talking with the teacher?Liu Li likes the singer who can write their
18、own lyrics.Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.Ex.V3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You boug
19、ht it last week._ I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?Ex.V1.1.作引导词作引导词2.2.在定语从句中担任一定的成分在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 (把主句和从句连起来）把主句和从句连起来）关系代词关系代词:who,that,which,whom,whose关系副词关系副词 when where作作用用v首先要看首先要看先行词先行词,如果先行词是如果先行词是指人指人,关系代词用
20、关系代词用 who,that,whom,whosev如果先行词如果先行词指物指物,关系代词可用关系代词可用 which 或或 that;先行词先行词 主主 格格 宾宾 格格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,that whose,of which1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.(who作宾语作宾语)(who作主语作主
21、语)The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.a The boy who is smiling is Tom.(who(who作主语不能省去作主语不能省去)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.(who(who作主语不能省去作主语不能省去)2.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可作宾语可省略省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I t
22、alked is Mr.Li.(whom前有介词前有介词to,whom 不能省去。不能省去。)The man is kind.Everyone likes him.aThe man(who)everyone likes is kind.(who=whom)关系代词关系代词who/whom在定于从句中在定于从句中作宾语时，常被省去。作宾语时，常被省去。the man=himThe woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.the woman=herWe me
23、t the teacher yesterday.The teacher will give us a talk.aThe teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。的限制。3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.aI saw a woman whose bag was stolen.(whose 作定语作定语)3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所
24、有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.aPlease show me the book whose cover is red.4.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能)Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.aCan you fi
25、nd the pen(which)I wrote with just now?aCan you find the pen with which I wrote just now?(which做宾语做宾语)When指时间指时间 where 指地点指地点I never forget that day when we met.The room where I live is very big.Part II在以下情况下只用关系词在以下情况下只用关系词that1.指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时2.先行词是 something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时 3.先行词既有人也
26、有物时,只用 that4.先行词是one of,the one,或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 作修饰时5.当主句已有疑问词 who 或 which时，用that只能用只能用which，不用，不用that 的情况：的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。在非限制性定语从中。The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由定语从句由介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导引导 先行词是物时。先行词是物时。The thing
27、 about which he is talking is of great importance.注注:who,that在指人可以通用，但在指人可以通用，但下列宜用下列宜用 who,不用不用that 1)先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who2)在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who关系代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面介词放在关系代词的前面时时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代代物物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在介词在末尾时末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)v Th
28、is is the hero(whom)we are proud of.vThis is the hero of whom we are proud.v This is the hero(that)we are proud of.The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.(做宾语可省去做宾语可省去)(介词在前介词在前which不能省不能省)(where
29、=in which)1.He is the kind person _I have ever worked with.A.who B.whom C.that D./单项或多项选择单项或多项选择关系代词在句中作宾语。2.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.A.that B./C.which D.who指物的先行词被形容词最高级或指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用序数词修饰时，用that。3.The scientist _ we met yesterday is very famous in the world.A.who B.thatC.w
30、homD./关系代词在句中作宾语。关系代词在句中作宾语。4.The dress _ she is wearing is new.A.that B.whichC./D.who先行词是指物先行词是指物,可用可用that,which；关系代词在句中作；关系代词在句中作wear 的宾语，可省去。的宾语，可省去。5.This book is for the students _ native language isnt English.A.that B.which C.whose D.whowhose=the students6.The boy _ parents died two years ago
31、lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.that D./whose=the boys7.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.that先行词是指人可以用先行词是指人可以用who/that8.Here is something _ I will tell you.A.that B./C.which先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时等不定代词时,用用that 9.I can remember well the persons
32、 and some pictures_ I see.A.which B./C.that先行词先行词既有人也有物时既有人也有物时,只能用只能用 that,that 在句中作宾语在句中作宾语,可省去可省去10.Who is the woman _was praised at the meeting?A.who B.that C.whose当主句已有疑问词当主句已有疑问词 who 或或 which时，用时，用that11.There is an old man _wants to see you.A.who B.that C.which 在在there be 句型中，先行句型中，先行词指人词指人,关
33、系代词用关系代词用who3.The man is wearing black trousers is my father.A.which B.what C.whom D.who1.The man is my father.2.He is wearing black trousers.4.All I want a room.A.that,isB.what，is C.what,are D.what,are 先行词是先行词是all,只能用只能用that.5.He always does he likes to do.A.that B.what C.which D.wherewhat=the thin
34、g which 典型例题解析【例例1】The necklace _ you gave me for my birthday.A.who B.where C.which D.what【例例2】Polly was the thief _ stole Mums necklace.A.who B.where C.which D.what【例例3】The one _ he gave me is black.A.who B.that C.which D.what 先行词先行词one为不定代词，为不定代词，关系代词只能用关系代词只能用 that.【例例4】The one _ one a thousand d
35、ollars turned out to be false.A.which cost B.which spend C.that cost D.that spend 先行词先行词one为不定代词，关系代词为不定代词，关系代词只能用只能用 that;cost sb.money【例例5】This is the first article he has written in English.A.which B.that C.who D.what 先行词先行词article被序数词被序数词the first 修饰，关系代词只能用修饰，关系代词只能用 that.【例例6】This is the most
36、interesting story I have heard of.A.which B.that C.who D.what先行词被最高级先行词被最高级the most 修修饰，关系代词只能用饰，关系代词只能用 that.课时训练课时训练.单项选择1.There is nothing_ I can doA.that B.whichC.who D.what先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything 等不定代词时，用等不定代词时，用that 2.Do you know the man _ is wearing glasses?A.who B.whichC.what D.w
37、here3.The boy _ is playing football is my brother.A.which B.who C.what D.where4.Ill never forget the day _ I first met her.A.what B.who C.which D.when5.I cant find the book _ my mother bought me.A.who B.when C.which D.what6.The film _ I saw yester-day was very interesting.A.who B.whenC.what D.that7.
38、This is the pan _ I heat the milk.A.which B.whereC.with which D.in which8.Is there anything _ I can help you?A.that B.which C.who D.what9.All _ is needed is a few hands to help with the work.A.what B.that C.which D.things10.Is this the factory _you wish to visit?A.that B.whereC.when D.what 11.Im rea
39、ding a book _ was written by Luxun.A.which B.who C.what D.when12.I like the teacher _ gave us a talk last week.A.who B.whichC.when D.where13.This is one of the beautiful mountains _ I have seen before.A.which B.who C.what D.that14.After 20 years he went back to the city _ he used to live.A.where B.w
40、henC.what D.how15.Mr Green is only one of those foreigners _ is working in China.A.that B.whichC.whom D.whose16.My necklace is not the only thing _ is missing.A.which B.that C.what D.where先行词被先行词被only修饰时用，修饰时用，关系代词用关系代词用that.17.I hate people _ talked much but do _.A.who,few B.that,few C.which,little
41、 D.who,little18.Ill shoot anyone _ moves.A.which B.whenC.where D.who先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who，不用不用that.19.I dont know the reason _ he was late this morning.A.what B.whenC.why D.who20.We are looking for a thief _ parrots and necklaces.A.who like stealing B.who likes stealing C.tha
42、t like to steal D.which likes to steal.句型转换1.Do you know the man?The man is picking up the waste paper.(改为含有定语从句的句子)a Do you know the man _ _ up the waste paper.whos picking2.I like books.The books are written by Charles Dickens.(改为含有定语从句的句子)a I like books _ _ written by Charles Dickens.which are3.I
43、 want to make friends with the people.They are kind to old people.(改为含有定 语从句的句子)aI want to make friends with people _ _ _ to old people.who are kind 4.The novel is very instructive.I read it yesterday.(合并为一句)a The novel _I _ yesterday is very instructive.whichread5.The girl is very beautiful.The gir
44、l is wearing red skirt.(合并为一句)a The girl _ _ _ red skirt is very beautiful.who is wearing6.Li Lei is the Young Pioneer.He helped the old man find his home.(合并为一句合并为一句)a Li Lei is the Young Pioneer _ _the old man find his home.who helped7.Do you like the animal?The animal looks like a big house.(合并为一
45、句合并为一句)aDo you like the animal _ _like a big house.which/that looks8.China is a great country that has long history.(改为同义句)China is a great country _ long history.with9.The girl in red hat is my sister.(改为同义句)The girl _ _ _ red hat is my sister.who is wearing10.I dont like bikes which have big wheels.(对划线部分提问)a_ bikes dont you like?Which11.The man who is wearing glasses stole Mrs.Greens necklace.(对划线部分提问)_ _ stole Mrs Greens necklace?Which man12.Its a pretty city that doesnt have any motor-bikes.(改为同义句)Its a pretty city _ _ motorbikes.withoutany