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1、句子的构成句子的构成句子成分句子成分 句型句型结构结构组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分主语主语(subject)谓语谓语(predicate verb)宾语宾语(object)表语表语(predicative)宾补宾补(complement)定语定语(attribute)状语状语(adverbial)主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同
2、同位位语语状状语语主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词、系结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词、系动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to
3、believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.谓语叙述主语动作和状态等叙述主语动作和状态等简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.表语表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于表语的功
4、能是表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词之后与之构成所谓的系表结构。可以用作表语连系动词之后与之构成所谓的系表结构。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等。词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等。常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go.The apple tastes sweet.T
5、he war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.宾语宾语宾语为动作的承受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾宾语为动作的承受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾语语.直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语.please pass me the book.He bought me
6、 some flowers.1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）h
7、e is fit for his office.宾语补足语宾语补足语补充说明宾语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、补充说明宾语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当分词、介词短语和从句充当I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a s
8、ecret.定语定语 定语用来说明名词，代词的特征的词短语句子。定语用来说明名词，代词的特征的词短语句子。He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you know bettys sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot o
9、f work to do.Do you know the man who spoke just now?(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)状语状语用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或句介词短语或句子子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,让步等让步等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up
10、late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.上一张基本句型基本句型1.主语主语+谓语谓语 SV
11、Things changed.2.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）SLPShe seems kind.3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）SVOWe dont beat children.4.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 SVOOThe teacher asked him a question.5.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 SVOC I found the book easy.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Co
12、uld you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework,he went away.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.句子成分详解句子成分详解句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当
13、词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，名词化式，动名词，名词化形容词或句子形容词或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性
14、质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语副词，介词短语He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语
15、补充说明宾语补充说明宾语形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语分词不定式等短语分词不定式等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型句型种类句型种类主语主语谓语部分谓语部分谓语动词谓语动词表语表语宾语宾语补语补语S+Vi(主主+谓谓)Patarrived.S+Vt+O(主主+谓谓+宾宾)Sheplaysthe piano.S+Link.V+C(主主+系系+表表)Theyare(系动词系动词)heroes
16、.S+Vt+InO+DO(主主+谓谓+双宾双宾)Iofferedhim 5 dollars.(人间人间 物直物直)S+Vt+O+Oc(主主+谓谓+复合宾语复合宾语)Annmademecry.分类分类说明说明例句例句简简单单句句由一个主语或并列主由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子。即谓语构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。一套主谓关系。1.Tom and I found her there.2.We all breathe,eat and work.并并列列句句由并列连词由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）等）把两个或两个以上的把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构简单句连在一起而构成的句子。成的句子。1.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.2.Work hard or you will fall behind.复复合合句句由一个句子充当另一个由一个句子充当另一个句子的某个成分，充当句子的某个成分，充当什么成分就叫什么从句什么成分就叫什么从句1.I believe you are right.2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.