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1、Chapter 22Formation of companiesArticle 2 The term company as mentioned in this Law refers to a limited liability company or a joint stock company limited established within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China in accordance with the provisions of this law.第二条【调整对象】本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任
2、公司和股份有限公司。Article 3 A company is an enterprise juridical person,which has independent juridical person property and enjoys the property right of the juridical person.And it shall bear the liabilities for its debts with all its property.As for a limited liability company,the shareholders shall be res
3、ponsible for the company to the extent of the capital contributions they have paid.As for a joint stock limited company,the shareholders shall be responsible for the company to the extent of the shares they have subscribed to.第三条【公司的界定】公司是企业法人，有独立的法人财产，享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对公司的债务承担责任。有限责任公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对
4、公司承担责任；股份有限公司的股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任。Article 58 The provisions of this Section shall apply to the establishment and organizational structure of a one-person limited liability.As for any matter not prescribed in this Section,it shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Chapter.The te
5、rm one-person limited liability company as mentioned in this Law refers to a limited liability company with only one natural person shareholder or a juridical person shareholder.第五十八条【一人有限责任公司的定义、设立、组织机构】一人有限责任公司的设立和组织机构，适用本节规定；本节没有规定的，适用本章第一节、第二节的规定。本法所称一人有限责任公司，是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责任公司。Article 3
6、 A“limited liability company”or“joint stock limited company”is an enterprise legal person.In the case of a limited liability company,shareholders shall assume liability towards the company to the extent of their respective capital contributions,and the company shall be liable for its debts to the ex
7、tent of all its assets.In the case of a joint stock limited company,its total capital shall be divided into equal shares,shareholders shall assume liability towards the company to the extent of their respective shareholdings,and the company shall be liable for its debts to the extent of all its asse
8、ts.第三条【公司的界定】公司是企业法人，有独立的法人财产，享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对公司的债务承担责任。有限责任公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任；股份有限公司的股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任。Article 8 Incorporation of limited liability companies or joint stock limited companies must meet the conditions stipulated by this Law.Companies meeting the conditions set by this Law shall
9、 be registered as limited liability companies or joint stock limited companies;while companies failing to meet the conditions set by this Law shall not be registered as limited liability companies or joint stock limited companies.Where laws or administrative regulations provide that incorporation of
10、 companies must be subject to examination and approval,the procedures of examination and approval shall be completed according to law prior to the registration of such companies.第八条【公司的名称】依照本法设立的有限责任公司，必须在公司名称中标明有限责任公司或者有限公司字样。依照本法设立的股份有限公司，必须在公司名称中标明股份有限公司或者股份公司字样。Article 13 The legal representativ
11、e of a company shall,according to the provisions of its articles of association,be assumed by the chairman of the board of directors,acting director or manager,and shall be registered according to law.If the legal representative of the company is changed,the company shall go through the formalities
12、for modifying the registration.第十三条【公司法定代表人】公司法定代表人依照公司章程的规定，由董事长、执行董事或者经理担任，并依法登记。公司法定代表人变更，应当办理变更登记。Article 14 The company may set up branches.To set up a branch,the company shall file a registration application with the company registration authority,and shall obtain the business license.The bran
13、ch shall not enjoy the status of an enterprise juridical person,and its civil liabilities shall be born by its parent company.The company may set up subsidiaries which enjoy the status of an enterprise juridical person and shall be independently bear civil liabilities.第十四条【分公司与子公司】公司可以设立分公司。设立分公司，应当
14、向公司登记机关申请登记，领取营业执照。分公司不具有法人资格，其民事责任由公司承担。公司可以设立子公司，子公司具有法人资格，依法独立承担民事责任。Article 15 A company may invest in other enterprises.However,it shall not become a capital contributor that shall bear the joint liabilities for the debts of the enterprises it invests in,unless it is otherwise provided for by a
15、ny law.第十五条【公司的转投资及其限制】公司可以向其他企业投资；但是，除法律另有规定外，不得成为对所投资企业的债务承担连带责任的出资人。Article 16 Where a company intends to invest in any other enterprise or provide guarantee for others,it shall,according to the provisions of its articles of association,be decided at the meeting of the board of directors or share
16、holders or shareholders convention.If the articles of association prescribe any limit on the total amount of investments or guarantees,or on the amount of a single investment or guarantee,the aforesaid total amount or amount shall not exceed the responsive limited amount.If a company intends to prov
17、ide guarantee to a shareholder or actual controller of the company,it shall make a resolution through the shareholders meeting or shareholders convention.The shareholder as mentioned in the preceding paragraph or the shareholder dominated by the actual controller as mentioned in the preceding paragr
18、aph shall not participate in voting on the matter as mentioned in the preceding paragraph.Such matter requires the affirmative votes of more than half of the other shareholders attending the meeting.第十六条【公司转投资及提供担保的程序规定】公司向其他企业投资或者为他人提供担保，依照公司章程的规定，由董事会或者股东会、股东大会决议；公司章程对投资或者担保的总额及单项投资或者担保的数额有限额规定的，不
19、得超过规定的限额。公司为公司股东或者实际控制人提供担保的，必须经股东会或者股东大会决议。前款规定的股东或者受前款规定的实际控制人支配的股东，不得参加前款规定事项的表决。该项表决由出席会议的其他股东所持表决权的过半数通过。Article 217 Definitions of the following terms:(1)The senior manager refers to the manager,vice manager,person in charge of finance of a company,and the secretary of the board of directors o
20、f a listed company as well as any other person as stimulated in the articles of association.(2)The controlling shareholder refers to a shareholder whose capital contribution occupies 5%or more of the total capital of a limited liability company,or a shareholder whose stocks occupy more than 50%of th
21、e total equity stocks of a joint stock limited company,or a shareholder whose capital contribution or proportion of stocks is less than 50%but who enjoys a voting right according to its capital contribution or the stocks it holds is large enough to impose an big impact upon the resolution of the sha
22、reholders meeting or the shareholders assembly.(3)The actual controller refers to anyone who is not a shareholder but is able to hold actual control of the acts of the company by means of investment relations,agreements or any other arrangements.(4)The connection relationship refers to the relations
23、hip between the controlling shareholder,actual controller,director,supervisor,or senior manager of a company and the enterprise directly or indirectly controlled thereby,and any other relationship that may lead to the transfer of any interests of the company.However,the enterprises controlled by the
24、 state do not incur a connection relationship simply because their shares are controlled by the state.第二百一十七条【本法所涉相关用语的含义】本法下列用语的含义：（一）高级管理人员，是指公司的经理、副经理、财务负责人，上市公司董事会秘书和公司章程规定的其他人员。（二）控股股东，是指其出资额占有限责任公司资本总额百分之五十以上或者其持有的股份占股份有限公司股本总额百分之五十以上的股东；出资额或者持有股份的比例虽然不足百分之五十，但依其出资额或者持有的股份所享有的表决权已足以对股东会、股东大会的决
25、议产生重大影响的股东。（三）实际控制人，是指虽不是公司的股东，但通过投资关系、协议或者其他安排，能够实际支配公司行为的人。（四）关联关系，是指公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者间接控制的企业之间的关系，以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。但是，国家控股的企业之间不仅因为同受国家控股而具有关联关系。Article 20 The shareholders of a company shall comply with the laws,administrative regulations and articles of association,and shall exer
26、cise the shareholders rights according to law.None of them may injure any of the interests of the company or of other shareholders by abusing the shareholders rights,or injure the interests of any creditor of the company by abusing the independent status of juridical person or the shareholders limit
27、ed liabilities.Where any of the shareholders of a company causes any loss to the company or to other shareholders by abusing the shareholders rights,it shall be subject to compensation.Where any of the shareholders of a company evades the payment of its debts by abusing the independent status of jur
28、idical person or the shareholders limited liabilities,and thus seriously damages the interests of any creditor,it shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company.第二十条【股东滥用权利的责任】公司股东应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程，依法行使股东权利，不得滥用股东权利损害公司或者其他股东的利益；不得滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任损害公司债权人的利益。公司股东滥用股东权利给公司或者其他股东造成损失的，应当依法承担
29、赔偿责任。公司股东滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任，逃避债务，严重损害公司债权人利益的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任。Article 21 Neither the controlling shareholder,nor the actual controller,any of the directors,supervisors or senior managers of the company may injure the interests of the company by taking advantage of its connection relationship.Anyone who
30、 has caused any loss to the company due to violation of the preceding paragraph shall be subject to compensation.第二十一条【禁止关联行为】公司的控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员不得利用其关联关系损害公司利益。违反前款规定，给公司造成损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。Article 22 The resolution of the shareholders convention,shareholders meeting or board of directors of the
31、company that has violated any law or administrative regulation shall be null and void.Where the procedures for convoking and the voting form of a shareholders convention or shareholders meeting or meeting of the board of directors,violate any law,administrative regulation or the articles of associat
32、ion,or the resolution is in violation of the articles of association of the company,the shareholders may,within 60 days as of the day when the resolution is made,request the peoples court to revoke it.If the shareholders initiate a lawsuit according to the preceding paragraph,the peoples court shall
33、,in light of the request of the company,demand the shareholders to provide corresponding guarantee.Where a company has,in light of the resolution of the shareholders convention,shareholders meeting or meeting of the board of directors,completed the modification registration,and the peoples court dec
34、lares the resolution null and void or revoke the resolution,the company shall file an application with the company registration authority for revoking the modification registration.第二十二条【无效决议及其法律后果】公司股东会或者股东大会、董事会的决议内容违反法律、行政法规的无效。股东会或者股东大会、董事会的会议召集程序、表决方式违反法律、行政法规或者公司章程，或者决议内容违反公司章程的，股东可以自决议作出之日起六十
35、日内，请求人民法院撤销。股东依照前款规定提起诉讼的，人民法院可以应公司的请求，要求股东提供相应担保。公司根据股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议已办理变更登记的，人民法院宣告该决议无效或者撤销该决议后，公司应当向公司登记机关申请撤销变更登记。Article 23 The establishment of a limited liability company shall satisfy the following conditions:(1)The number of shareholders accords with the quorum;(2)The amount of capital cont
36、ributions paid by the shareholders reaches the statutory minimum amount of the registered capital;(3)The articles of association are worked out jointly by shareholders;(4)The company has a name and its organizational structure complies with that of a limited liability company;and(5)The company has a
37、 domicile.第二十三条【有限责任公司的设立条件】设立有限责任公司，应当具备下列条件：（一）股东符合法定人数；（二）股东出资达到法定资本最低限额；（三）股东共同制定公司章程；（四）有公司名称，建立符合有限责任公司要求的组织机构；（五）有公司住所。Article 24 A limited liability company shall be established by not more than 50 shareholders that have made capital contributions.第二十四条【有限责任公司的股东人数限制】有限责任公司由五十个以下股东出资设立。Artic
38、le 26 The registered capital of a limited liability company shall be the total amount of the capital contributions subscribed to by all the shareholders that have registered in the company registration authority.The amount of the initial capital contributions made by all shareholders shall be not le
39、ss than 20%of the registered capital,nor less than the statutory minimum amount of registered capital,and the margin shall be paid off by the shareholders within 2 years as of the day when the company is established;as for an investment company,it may be paid off within 5 years.The minimum amount of
40、 registered capital of a limited liability company shall be RMB 30,000 Yuan.If any law or administrative regulation prescribes a relatively higher minimum amount of registered capital of a limited liability company,the provisions of that law or administrative regulation shall be followed.第二十六条【有限责任公
41、司的注册资本及其最低限额】有限责任公司的注册资本为在公司登记机关登记的全体股东认缴的出资额。公司全体股东的首次出资额不得低于注册资本的百分之二十，也不得低于法定的注册资本最低限额，其余部分由股东自公司成立之日起两年内缴足；其中，投资公司可以在五年内缴足。有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额为人民币三万元。法律、行政法规对有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额有较高规定的，从其规定。Article 28 Every shareholder shall make full payment for the capital contribution it has subscribed to according to
42、 the articles of association.If a shareholder makes his/its capital contribution in currency,he shall deposit the full amount of such currency capital contribution into a temporary bank account opened for the limited liability company.If the capital contributions are made in non-monetary properties,
43、the appropriate transfer procedures for the property rights therein shall be followed according to law.Where a shareholder fails to make his/its capital contribution as specified in the preceding paragraph,it shall not only make full payment to the company but also bear the liabilities for breach of
44、 the contract to the shareholders who have make full payment of capital contributions on schedule.第二十八条【股东出资义务的履行和出资违约】股东应当按期足额缴纳公司章程中规定的各自所认缴的出资额。股东以货币出资的，应当将货币出资足额存入有限责任公司在银行开设的账户；以非货币财产出资的，应当依法办理其财产权的转移手续。股东不按照前款规定缴纳出资的，除应当向公司足额缴纳外，还应当向已按期足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。Article 29 The capital contributions made
45、by shareholders shall be checked by a lawfully established capital verification institution,which shall issue a certification.第二十九条【股东出资的验资证明】股东缴纳出资后，必须经依法设立的验资机构验资并出具证明。Article 30 After the initial capital contributions made by the shareholders for the first time have been checked by a lawfully est
46、ablished capital verification institution,the representative designated by all the shareholders or the agent entrusted by all the shareholders shall apply for establishment and registration with a company registration application,the articles of association,capital verification and other documents t
47、o the company registration authority.第三十条【有限责任公司的设立登记】股东的首次出资经依法设立的验资机构验资后，由全体股东指定的代表或者共同委托的代理人向公司登记机关报送公司登记申请书、公司章程、验资证明等文件，申请设立登记。Article 31 After the establishment of a limited liability company,if the actual value of the capital contributions in non-monetary properties is found to be apparently
48、lower than that provided for in the articles of association of the company,the balance shall be supplemented by the shareholder who has offered them,and the other shareholders of the company who have established the company shall bear joint liabilities.第三十一条【非货币财产出资违约责任】有限责任公司成立后，发现作为设立公司出资的非货币财产的实际
49、价额显著低于公司章程所定价额的，应当由交付该出资的股东补足其差额；公司设立时的其他股东承担连带责任。Article 32 After the establishment of a limited liability company,every shareholder shall be issued with a capital contribution certificate,which shall specify the following:(1)the name of the company;(2)the date of establishment of the company;(3)th
50、e registered capital of the company;(4)the name of the shareholder,the amount of his capital contribution,and the day when the capital contribution is made;and(5)the serial number and date of issuance of the capital contribution certificate.The capital contribution certificate shall bear the seal of