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1、1995年试题和分析Section Use of EnglishSleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of
2、non-REM sleep is even more 3 . The new experiments, such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 7
3、 _examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systemsthe self-protecting mechanisrn against diseasehad crashed.1. A EitherB NeitherC EachD Any2. A intende
4、dB requiredC assumedD inferred3. A subtle B obviousC mysteriousD doubtful4. A maintainedB describedC settledD afforded5. A in the lightB by virtueC with the exceptionD for the purpose6. A reductionB destructionC deprivationD restriction7. A uponB byC throughD with8. A paid attention toB caught sight
5、 ofC laid emphasis onD cast light on9. A developB produceC stimulateD induce10. A ifB as ifC only ifD if only一、文章构造总体分析睡眠分为浅睡阶段和较长时间深睡阶段。虽然大家对两个阶段睡眠所有不是十分理解，不过大家推测浅睡对大脑起修复作用。深睡作用更令人难以理解。在近来睡眠研究协会会议上，专家们初次描述新试验，对非快眼动睡眠作用进行了吸引人阐释。因剥夺睡眠而死亡老鼠尸体检查发现，其免疫系统似乎已瓦解了。二、 试题解析1.答案 B解析 本题考核知识点是：不定代词使用措施。空格上文提到，睡眠
6、分为浅睡阶段和深睡阶段。因此空格处_ kind of sleep指就是这两种睡眠。四个备选项中，首先排除D项。any 指“任何一种”，如：You can buy sugar at any big store.你可以在任何一家大商店里买到糖。余下选项中，each指两个或多种中每一种，例如：Each of them thinks different thoughts.她们中每一种人所有有不一样样想法。either表达两者之一，表达肯定，如：You can park on either side of the street. 在街道哪边停车所有可以。neither表否认含义，表达“两者所有不”。如：
7、Neither of us could understand German.我们两个谁也不懂德语。空格所在分句里出现关键词at all一般与否认词连用，即 not at all，意为“一点也不，主线不”，因此这里应填表否认含义词，B对旳，意为“大家对两类睡眠所有没有完全理解”。2. 答案 C解析 本题考核知识点是：动词词义辨析。intend意为“想要，计划，企图”，intend to do sth. (=mean to do sth.)意为“计划做某事”，主语一般是有生命事物。如：I hear they intend to marry. 我听说她们要结婚了。require意为“需要，规定，命令
8、”，be required to do sth.意为“被规定/必需做某事”，如：All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客所有必需出示车票。显然不能说，“浅睡眠阶段被规定做某事”。assume意为“假定，设想”，be assumed to do sth.意为“被假定/认为做某事”，如：He is assumed to be a Belgian.（她被认为是个比利时人。）infer意为“推论，推断”，但它不用于infer sth. to do构造中，而用于infer sth. from sth.构造中，如：Much of the
9、meaning must be inferred from the context.（大部分含意必需从上下文中推断。）因此，只有assume符合上下文规定。此外，根据上文可知，大家对睡眠两个阶段所有不十分理解，因此有关浅睡眠功能论述只是一种推测，C为对旳项。3. 答案 C解析 本题考核知识点是：形容词词义辨析。subtle意为“微妙，难以捉摸”，如：He complained that these people were subtle. 她埋怨说这些人难以捉摸。obvious意为“明显”；mysterious意为“难以解释或无法理解”；doubtful意为“可疑，值得怀疑”，如He is a
10、doubtful character. 她是个可疑人物。前文提到大家对两种睡眠阶段所有不是很理解时用了well-understood一词，从逻辑语意上可以推出大家对non-REM sleep也不很理解，因此，多种选项中mysterious最合适。4. 答案 B解析 本题考核知识点是：动词词义辨析。空格所在句子是一种长句，主干部分是The new experiments suggest fascinating explanations. such as引导短语是对experiments举例阐明。these指是the new experiments，空格处填入过去分词表达被动含义，相称于一种后置定
11、语从句，即these which are _ for the first time，用来修饰these。四个选项中，maintain意为“保持，维持”，和句中for the first time相矛盾；settle意为“处理”，afford意为“支付得起”，和experiments不搭配。describe意为“描述”，用在文中表达“（会议上）描述部分新试验”，符合文意。5. 答案 D解析 本题考核知识点是：短语语意辨析。四个选项所有可和介词of连用。in the light of (= in light of/according to)意为“根据，根据，考虑到”，如：He rewrote th
12、e book in the light of further research.（她根据深入研究重写了那部书。）by virtue of意为“依托，由于”，如：She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.（她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。）with the exception of(= except)意为“除了之外”，如：All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.（她小说除最终一部外全是以意大利为背景。）显然，这三个含义代入文中所有不符合文意。fo
13、r the purpose of可以看作是一种固定短语，意为“为了目旳”，如：The three groups have been combined for the purpose of this study.（为了这项研究工作，三个小组业已合并。）但本文中却不是把它作为一种固定短语使用，并且提成了两个部分，explanations常和for搭配，表达“解释原因”， the purpose of non-REM sleep在上文中出现过，表达“深睡眠作用”，对旳答案是D。6. 答案 C解析 本题考核知识点是：名词词义辨析。for example一词提醒空格所在部分是衔接上文，解释深睡眠作用举例
14、。reduction意为“减少”；deprivation意为“剥夺”；restriction意为“限制”。destruction意为“破坏，消灭”，一般指详细事物，如：The fire caused the destruction of my books.这场大火使我藏书被毁坏。“对老鼠产生致命影响”应是“睡眠剥夺”，因此C符合题意。7. 答案 A解析 本题考核知识点是：介词使用措施。upon+名词/动名词=when引导从句，其中upon相称于when/directly after，表达“当时”。如：Upon entering the room（=When I entered the room
15、）, I found him lying on the floor.用在文中表达“当检查死亡老鼠尸体时”，因此A为对旳答案。through意为“凭借，用措施”； by意为“凭借，靠，通过”，关键表达措施、手段；with意为“用，使用；以”。本文假如使用这些介词，首先需要在名词examination前加上定冠词the；另一方面其逻辑主语就是句子主语the animals，这样含义就成了“动物通过检查动物尸体”，不符合逻辑。8. 答案 D解析 本题考核知识点：短语语意辨析。pay attention to 意为“注意”，如：pay attention to state affairs关怀国大事；c
16、atch sight of (=see)意义“看到，发现”，如：She caught sight of a car in the distance.她一眼瞥见了远处汽车；lay emphasis on (=emphasize)意为“重视”，如：He laid a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages.她把关键放在学习外训上；cast/throw/shed light on意为“使（问题等）较轻易理解”，如：Recent research has shed new light on the causes of the disease.
17、近来研究成果可以使人深入理解导致这种疾病原因。根据句意，应选D，表达“一位研究人员使大家深入理解动物死亡奥秘”。9. 答案 A解析 本题考核知识点是：动词词义辨析。develop意为“（逐渐）显现出，（开始）患（病）”，如：She developed measles. 她得了麻疹。produce意为“制造，产生”，如：Hard work often produces good results.努力工作常常会有好成果。stimulate意为“增进，刺激”，如：Exercise stimulates the flow of blood.体操增进血液流动。induce意为“引诱，诱使”。如：Too
18、much food induces sleepiness.吃得过饱会产生睡意。本题关键词bacterial infections of blood (血液细菌感染)是一种病，根据习惯搭配，应当用develop。10. 答案 B解析 本题考核知识点是：逻辑关系。本句是一种复合句。主句The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood用是一般目前时，根据时态一致原则，从句也应当用目前时。但在本题中，从句用是过去完毕时。很显然，主从句时态不一致。时态不一致一般是由两个原因引起：一，时间状语，如：Im doing my homework, while
19、I was watching TV this time yesterday.二，虚拟语气使用，如：If I were you, I would go there. 假如我是你，我就去那儿。此题并没有包括时间状语因此导致时态不一致原因是虚拟语气使用。If意为“假如”，跟虚拟语气时，主句应对应地使用虚似语气，如：The conference wouldnt been so successful, if we hadnt made adequate preparations.假如我们不做充足准备，会议是不会开得这样成功。as if 意为“仿佛”，可以接虚拟语气，如：He behaved as if
20、nothing had happened.（她体现得若无其事。）only if 意为“只有”，接条件从句，一般引起主句倒装现象，如：Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工险情。if only意为“要是就好了”，接虚拟语气，一般见来引导感慨句，如：If only she had known where to find you.由于文中只有从句使用了虚拟语气，因此应选B，意为“似乎它们免疫系统已经瓦解”。三、全文翻译睡眠分为浅睡阶段（REM）和较长时间深睡阶段(non-REM)。浅睡
21、阶段伴有迅速眼睛运动和做梦特性。大家对两个阶段睡眠所有不太理解，不过大家推测，浅睡眠具有部分大脑修复功能。而深睡眠作用则更愈加令人费解。在明尼阿波利斯举行由睡眠研究协会组织近期会议上初次描述了部分新试验，类似这样试验对深睡眠作用进行了吸引人阐释。例如，大家早有所知，完全剥夺睡眠会100使老鼠致命，然而，在检查死亡鼠类尸体后来，发现这些动物看起来却很正常。目前，一位研究人员已揭开了这些动物死亡奥秘。老鼠患了血液细菌感染，就仿佛它们免疫系统抵御疾病原体自我保护机制已瓦解。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage l Money spent on advertisin
22、g is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise sta
23、ndards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would
24、 need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regula
25、r advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you
26、 see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch o
27、n. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would
28、be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.11. By the first sentence of the passa
29、ge the author means that_.A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC advertising costs money like everything elseD it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the adva
30、ntages of advertising?A Securing greater fame. B Providing more jobs.C Enhancing living standards.D Reducing newspaper cost.13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC correct in te
31、lling the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertising14. In the authors opinion,_.A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC there is nothing wro
32、ng with advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement一、文章构造总体分析本文论述了广告对现代社会做出了很大奉献。文章一开始作者就全面肯定广告作用，认为花钱做广告是很值得；接着列出它给社会带来诸多益处。最终通过驳斥广告重在劝说而非提供信息见解，指出广告具有劝诱性是无可厚非。第一段到第三段：先指出做广告是值得，然后列举广告长处，最终得出结论：广告给社会带来物质利益比其他形式所有大。第四段和第五段：对著名人士话进行批评，
33、为广告辨护，提出广告既要提供信息，又不可防止地要劝说大众。二、试题分析11.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.文章首句意思是_ 。A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingA 她对广告价格了如指掌B everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingB 人人所有懂得广告很费钱C advertising costs money like everything elseC 像做其他事同样，做
34、广告要花钱D it is worthwhile to spend money on advertisingD 把钱用在广告上很值得答案 D解析 本题考核知识点是：句意题。首先看句子语法，第一句关键是对as well as理解。as well as 有两种意思：1）相称于in addition (to),意为“除外，同，和，也”，如：He gave me money as well as advice. 2)用作连词引出比较对象，意为“和同样好”。第2）种含义放在本文中才讲得通，这里as well as any相称于as well as any（money spent）, I know of 是
35、定语从句，修饰any。另一方面，看下文内容。从文章第二句“它直接有助于”可以推出作者对广告作用持肯定态度。因此第一句应当被理解为“花在广告上钱和任何别处花钱同样值得”。 D项正是这个含义概括，所认为对旳项。B、C选项仅停留在“广告花费钱”含义上，体现不了对广告肯定态度；选项A是对从句“I know of”错误理解。命题意图规定考生对旳理解句中为防止反复而省略部分。12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?哪个选项不是文中提到广告长处？A Securing
36、 greater fame. A 保障更高著名度B Providing more jobs.B 提供更多工作C Enhancing living standards.C 提高生活水平D Reducing newspaper cost.D 减少报纸成本答案 A解析 本题考核知识点是：事实细节题。第一段作者对广告给肯定并且列举广告带来诸多益处：（1）它直接有助于商品以合理价格迅速销出；（2）在稳定中国市场同步，使产品可以以有竞争力价格进入国际市场；（3）它给人以新消费观，从而大大提高大家生活水准；（4）它有助于增长市场需求，扩大劳动力市场，有效地扩大就业；（5）它使日报等公共事业服务价格低廉。由此
37、可见，B、C和D选项所有在文中直接包括，可以排除。第二段首句虽然谈到广告为大家购置产品和服务合理价格提供了保障，不过未提及A选项“保障更高著名度”内容，所认为对旳答案。注意：这种“which is not included”题型相称于except题型，一般要在大范围内搜索，排除原文中已经提到选项或直接找出和原文不符选项。潜在命题点：根据此内容可另出一题：What is the biggest advantage of advertising?AProviding more jobs.BEnhancing living standards.CReducing the costs of many
38、services.DEnsuring the quality of the products and services.答案为D。关键是第二段首句“most important of all” 表明下面所述为最关键优势，因此在列举题中，要注意关联词作用。此外，也可用排除法，A、B、C在文中并列，作用相仿，成为答案几率均等，故所有应当排除。13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.作者认为文中提到著名人士_。A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingA 对
39、旳地表达了她对广告评价B interested in nothing but the buyers attentionB 只关怀消费者注意力C correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationC 辨别劝说和提供信息是有道理D obviously partial in his views on advertisingD 对广告评价明显存有偏见答案 D解析 本题考核知识点是：本题考核知识点是：作者见解题。题干规定考生答复作者对文中提到著名人士见解。文章第四段谈到该著名人士对广告持否认态度，即她批评广告更多是在劝
40、诱观众，而不是提供信息。这显然和作者前面第三段用大篇幅对广告赞扬态度大相径庭，因此作者立即对这种见解进行驳斥，以维护自己见解。作者认为“她把两者辨别得过于细微。由于广告不可防止地要劝说消费者，假如广告内容仅仅限于提供信息，那将会乏味之极”。由引可以推论作者对著名人士见解持否认态度。因此D选项为对旳选项。A选项和C选项所有持肯定态度，可以排除。而B选项也不对，由于在文中并未讨论著名人士爱好和关怀对象问题。nothing but意为：只有，除了之外所有不。命题意图规定考生对旳理解文章局部细节体现作者态度。14. In the authors opinion,_.在作者看来_。A advertisi
41、ng can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationA 广告很少可以通过提供信息给大家带来物质利益B advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overB 广告给人以新观念，而不在于说服人C there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerC 广告向购置者促销是无可非议D the buyer is not interested in getting in
42、formation from an advertisementD 消费者对从广告获得信息不感爱好答案 C解析 本题考核知识点是：作者见解题。本题考察作者对广告所持见解。读完全文后，我们已经很清晰作者对广告态度和见解。先是在前三段肯定广告给社会带来诸多好处，然后在第四段和第四段又指出广告劝说消费者不仅是不可防止也是必需，否则便失去了吸引力，不能把广告劝诱性作为批评它论据。C选项恰恰符合这一见解，为对旳答案。A选项和第三段内容相悖。B选项和第四段作者提出“广告不可防止地要劝说消费者，内容不仅仅限于提供信息”见解不一致。D选项不对旳，作者在末段提到，只提供信息广告不会引起观众爱好，不能由此推出，消费
43、者对广告信息毫无爱好。win sb. over(to sth.)=win sb. to do sth. 意思是“说服某人做某事”。注意：做此类局部作者态度题，可以先看选项中与否有直接可排除之选项；不能排除再定位，对照进行排除。三、长难句解析和佳句赏析长难句It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at c
44、ompetitive prices.本句主干是It serves to assist, thereby establishing and so making, thereby 后是两个并列分词短语做成果状语。Serve directly to do sth. 意思是：直接用于。如：The evidence serves directly to support what the defendant said. 这些证据直接支持被告陈说。 make it +形容词+to do sth.意思是：使成为也许。译本：它直接有助于商品以合理价格迅速地销售，从而建立稳固中国市场，并且有也许以有竞争力价格提供
45、出口商品。Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.句子中主干是no regular advertiser dare promote a product。前面apart from引导介词构造做状语，其中fact后是that引导同位语从句；主句宾语prod
46、uct后是由that 引导定语从句做后置定语。译文：除了国会制定27项法案对广告词加以约束之外，也没有哪个正规广告商胆敢推销和广告承诺不符产品。If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.该句是一种主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，主句是it is the surest proof，I know 做proof后置定语，两个th
47、at 引导并列从句所有是proof同位语从句。译文：假如你看到一种商品不停地做广告，我认为这是最可靠证明，即此商品一定和其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好价值。If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention