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1、Discovering Useful Structure1.1.句子的基本成分句子的基本成分S（主语）V（谓语动词）O（宾语）P（表语）A（状语）DO（直接宾语）IO（间接宾语）C（宾语补足语）主语在英语里,主语应该是一个句子中第一个独立的名词（或名词性结构）。具体地说,它的实现形式包括狭义的名词、代词、数词、不定式结构,等等。如：GinaisfromAustralia.吉娜来自澳大利亚。Sheoftengoestothemovies.她经常去看电影。Threeisenough.三个就够了。Doingtheworkishardforhim.做这项工作对他来说很辛苦。Toseeistobelie
2、ve.眼见为实。Whatheneedsisabook.他需要的是一本书。-名词名词-代词代词-数词数词-动名词动名词-不定式不定式-主语从句主语从句“什么人什么人”或或“什么事物什么事物”主语Inmyheart,Iamasoldier.在陈述逻辑当中,一个英语句子的主语天然就是最前面的那个独立的名词。谓语谓语是句子中第一个独立的动词(或动词性结构)。（vt.及物及物动词/vi.不及物不及物动词）说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They5.He6.He7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.(vt./v
3、i)talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.(vt./vi)havegone.（及物动词）(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.Heknowslaughedatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.burgers.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.在没有谓语之前,主语和宾语都指示独立的名词性个体。因此,既然主语是一句话的第一个独立名词,谓语构建的是主语和宾语之间的关系,那么宾语就
4、应该是一句话中谓语后面的第一个独立名词（或名词性结构）。宾语表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词充当。放在及物动词或者介词之后。CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.Hegavemethreebooks.TomteachesusEnglish.直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject双宾语（及物）IO（多指人）DO（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhiswifeyouherhimhimme
5、anewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.主系表“主系表”就是“主是表”。而“表”就是“表现”,个体表现出来的样子。所以,主系表结构实质上就是说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”。比如:Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Whatsthedifferencebetweenpredictiveandobject?表语和宾语有什么不同？系动词(link-verb)本质上就是“是”动词 一be 动词、感
6、官动词(feel摸起来是，look看起来是，sound听起来是，但这些其实都逃不开“是”这个内核)。主系表状态 beThe doctor are very patient.持续 keep,remain,stay,He always kept silent.像seem,appear,lookHe seems(to be)very sad.感官 feel,smell,sound,taste This kind of cloth feels very soft.变化 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShe grew rich within a short t
7、ime.终止 prove,turn outHis plan turned out a success.用来补充说明宾语的情况。“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。宾语补足语(objectcomplement)Weelectedhimourmonitor.我们选举他做班长。JakieaskedhertotakeJadeoutofschool.（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemcl
8、ean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.2.2.简单简单句的基本句型句的基本句型句的基本句型句的基本句型SV Allofuslaughed!SVO Imissmygrandma.SPTheteacherwaskindandfriendly.SVIODO Hetoldusafunnystory.SVOCIfoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.SVAHetalkedtoomuch.SVOAIhadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorh
9、ighschool.Therebe Theresalottoexploreatseniorhigh.Activity 1 Read the sentences and analyse the structures.EXAMPLE：We laughed.SV1The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.2Wemustact.3Themathshomeworklookseasy.4Theteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.SVASVSPSVOC5Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.6Tomislooking
10、forwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.7ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOTherebe.VOSVOAActivity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Howwouldyouliketogotoschoolandtraveltheworldatthesametime?ForTim,thatdreamhascometrue!Thisterm,Timand
11、hisclassmatesarelivingonaship!Theytakethesamesubjectsasyoudo,likemathsandEnglish.Theyalsolearnaboutshipsandthesea.Timwriteshisparentsanemaileveryweekandtellsthemwhathappenedontheship.Activity2Readthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentences.Theresalwayssomethingexcitingtodo.And,afteralo
12、ngdayofstudy,helikestowatchthesungodownandwaitforthestarstocomeout.Studyinganddoinghomeworkseemmuchmorefunwhenyouareatsea!英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主 （定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主 （状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）那一刻,我在他眼中看到了对我的爱意。At that moment,I saw in her eyes the love to me.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主 （定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（
13、状1/定1）主 （状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）现在,我在教室里听这个老师讲的英语课。Now,I am learning in the classroom an English lesson given by this teacher.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主 （定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主 （状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）在这次会议上,总统靠自己做出了能够解决问题的方案。In this meeting,the president made on his own a plan that may solve the problem.英文句子模型英文模
14、型（陈述）（状1）主 （定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主 （状2）谓（定2）（宾）（状1）由于通信网络的快速发展,中国智能手机用户的数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。With the rapid growth of tele-communication network,the number of users of smartphones in China has increased at stunning speed in recent years.英文句子模型英文模型（陈述）（状1）主 （定1）谓（状2）（宾）（定2/状1）中文模型（状1/定1）主 （状2）谓（定2）（
15、宾）（状1）新近公布的统计数字表明,中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。As revealed by the statistics published recently,the number of public libraries in China is increasing year by year.1）Youareacleverstudent.2）Hefeltsohappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademeexcited.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Exercises6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.Exercises