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1、情 态 动 词can和和could(1)表能力，表能力，“能，会能，会”She can speak English.She could play the piano at the age of three.be able to能用于各种时态；能用于各种时态；can/could只能表只能表示现在或过去的能力。示现在或过去的能力。was/were able to“设设法做成某事法做成某事”相当于相当于managed to do sth/succeeded in doing sthAll the people trapped in the burning house were able to get
2、 out of it.情 态 动 词(2)表请求和许可，表请求和许可，“可以可以”，could比比can更加更加委婉，表示礼貌委婉，表示礼貌Can I smoke here?Could I use your computer?Yes,you can.(3)can表客观可能性，表客观可能性，“有时候会有时候会”，用于，用于肯肯定句定句A wise man can sometimes make a mistake.(4)can表推测，用于表推测，用于疑问句疑问句、否定句否定句。肯定句。肯定句用用mustCan the news be true?He cant be at home because
3、I saw him here just now.情 态 动 词may和和might表示允许、许可表示允许、许可May I leave now?No,you mustnt./Yes,you may.表示推测、可能，用于肯定句和否定句，表示推测、可能，用于肯定句和否定句，might比比may可能性更小可能性更小Nobody has ever seen him since that year.He may/might have gone abroad.May+主语主语+动词原形，表示祝愿动词原形，表示祝愿May you succeed.情 态 动 词must和和havetomust表示出于表示出于主
4、观主观意识而必须要做某事；意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种却表示由于某种客观客观原因而不得不做某事。原因而不得不做某事。have to自身有时态的变化形式。自身有时态的变化形式。Must we hand in our exercises today?Yes,you must.No,you neednt/dont have to.mustnt意为意为“不准不准，禁止，禁止”must还可用来表示把握较大的推测，还可用来表示把握较大的推测，“一定一定”，其否定形式为，其否定形式为can not/cant（不可能不可能）You must be tired after your long
5、 journey.情 态 动 词will和和would表示表示意愿、意志意愿、意志If you will help me with my English,I will be very happy.在在疑问句疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示中，用于第二人称，表示请求或征求意请求或征求意见见，would比比will语气更委婉语气更委婉Will/Would you please give me a hand?表示习惯性的动作，表示习惯性的动作，“总是，常常总是，常常”The old man is strange.He will sit for hours without saying anything.
6、When I was a child,my mother would read me a story every night.情 态 动 词对比对比would和和used to表示今昔动作对比，用表示今昔动作对比，用used toI dont play tennis now,but I used to.He would get up early when he lived in the countryside.表示过去的状态，用表示过去的状态，用used toHe used to be a quiet boy.情 态 动 词shallshall用于用于第一、三第一、三人称人称疑问句疑问句中，表
7、示说话人中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示，征求对方的意见和向对方请示，“好吗？要不好吗？要不要要？”Shall I open the window for you?Shall he fetch some water for you?shall用于用于第二、三第二、三人称人称陈述句陈述句中，表示说话人中，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁。给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁。You shall do as I say.Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.He shall be punished.情 态 动 词用于用于条约条约、规定
8、规定、规章规章等文件中，表示一种义务，等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于多用于第三人称第三人称中。中。“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall情 态 动 词should表示劝告或建议，表示劝告或建议，“应该应该”，相当于，相当于ought to，但语气不及，但语气不及ought to强强You shouldnt/oughtnt to spend so much ti
9、me playing computer games.用于推测，意为用于推测，意为“按理应当按理应当”Will Mr.Wang offer us a hand?He _ be glad to.He never refused our request.A.can B.must C.may D.should 表示吃惊，表示吃惊，“竟会，竟然竟会，竟然”I find it surprising that he should be so rude to you.情 态 动 词should用于表示要求，建议，命令的名词性从用于表示要求，建议，命令的名词性从句中，句中，虚拟语气虚拟语气用在动词用在动词ins
10、ist；order,command；suggest,advise,propose；demand,desire,request,require等宾语从句中等宾语从句中用在用在suggestion,order,proposal,demand等等后面的后面的表语，同位语从句表语，同位语从句中。中。用在用在It is/was natural(necessary/strange/important)that；It is/was insisted(suggested/ordered)that等主语从句中等主语从句中情 态 动 词need和和dare作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；作为情态动词时
11、，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式情态动词情态动词Need I help you?Yes,please.You neednt telephone him now.How dare you talk to the teacher like that?The girl dared not go out alone at night.情 态 动 词实义动词实义动词We needed to tell him the news.You dont need to tell him the news.Do the flowers need wateri
12、ng?I didnt dare(to)tell you the truth.Do you dare(to)catch the snake with your hand?The boy dares to do anything he likes.would rather do 宁愿宁愿I would rather stay here than go home.had better do 最好最好It is pretty cold.Youd better put on a coat.情 态 动 词情态动词情态动词+have donemust have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，表示对过去事
13、情的肯定推测，“一定做过某事一定做过某事”，只用于，只用于肯定句肯定句；It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.cant/couldnt have done表示对过去事情的表示对过去事情的否定推测，否定推测，“不可能做过某事不可能做过某事”Mr.Smith cant have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.情 态 动 词can/could have done表示对过去行为的怀疑，表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于用于疑问句疑问句，“可能做过可能做过吗吗？”Th
14、ere is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?I cant remember when we went to Beijing but could it have been sometime last autumn?could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思表示对过去事情的假设，意思是是“本来能够做某事而没有做本来能够做某事而没有做”He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.情 态 动 词may/might have done“过去可能做了某事过去可能做了某
15、事”；may比比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。些。may/might not have done“过去可能没过去可能没有做某事有做某事”What has happened to George?I dont know.He may have got lost.He might not have finished the work.should/ought to have done“本来应该做某本来应该做某事，而实际没做事，而实际没做”；shouldnt/oughtnt to have done“本来不应该做某事，而实际做了本来不应该做某事，而实际做了”Yo
16、u shouldnt have wasted time playing computer games.情 态 动 词neednt have done“本来不需要做某事而做了本来不需要做某事而做了”I neednt have bought so much wine only five people came.情 态 动 词I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.neednt leave D.couldnt have left Mr.White _ a
17、t 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.A.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving Do you know where David is?I couldnt find him anywhere.Well.He _ have gone far his coats still here.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.cant D.wouldnt情 态 动 词Johnny,you _ play with the kn
18、ife,you _ hurt yourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldntThe fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.wouldC.was able to D.couldSir,_ he go or stay?Let him go.A.will B.shall C.might D.couldTom graduated from college at a very young age.Oh,he _
19、 have been a very smart boy then.A.could B.should C.might D.must情 态 动 词My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attendedB.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attendedD.shouldnt have attendedIt has been announced that candidates _ remain in their se
20、ats until all the papers have been collected.A.can B.willC.may D.shallThere was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?A.must haveB.shouldC.need haveD.ought to have情 态 动 词This cake is very sweet.You _ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put B.could have put C.might put D.must have p
21、utI _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.mustnt D.needntThe woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh,dear!She _ a lot of difficulties!A.may go through B.might go throughC.ought to have gone through D.must have gone through