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1、阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解之考纲要求阅读理解之考纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。并能从中获取相关信息。考生能力要求考生能力要求1.理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义2.理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息3.根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义4.作出简单判断和推理作出简单判断和推理5.理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度理解作者的意图、观点和态度解题步骤解题步骤一、先题后文，忌一概精读。一、先题后文，忌一概精读。先看题目，再
2、读文章二、顺序寻找答案线索，特殊情况除外。二、顺序寻找答案线索，特殊情况除外。答题时要避免做每一道题都盲目地从头到尾找线索，而应在上一道题的答案线索下方找本道题的答案线索，主旨大意题、标题归纳题、文章出处题、写作目的题等除外。三、仔细阅读题干，排除干扰项。三、仔细阅读题干，排除干扰项。题型分类题型分类 细节理解题细节理解题 词义猜测题词义猜测题 主旨大意题主旨大意题 推理判断题推理判断题定位题干关键词定位题干关键词细节理解题细节理解题找到原文对应信息找到原文对应信息精读对应关键信息精读对应关键信息 （同义替换）（同义替换）排除干扰选项排除干扰选项1.What do we know about
3、Buzz and Woody in the movie Toy Story?2.Which movie shows there is no age limit for adventurers?3.What is special about the movie Despicable Me?19.Why did Frost leave Harvard University?20.What made it possible for Frost to finish“The Tufts of Flowers”?21.When did Frosts first published collection o
4、f poems come out?Onceuponatime,therewasabeautifulbird,whichwasverycuriousabouthell.Whenotherbirdswerelearningflyingskills,shealwayshidherselfandwatchedthem.Shethoughtinthiswayshecouldgotohellandseewhathelllookedlike.However,shespentsolittletimelearningflyingskillsthatonedayshewascaughtbyalittleboy.1
5、.Whydidthebirdhideherselfwhenotherbirdswerelearningflyingskills?A.Becauseshewaslazy.B.Becauseshedidntlikelearningflyingskills.C.Becauseshethoughtshedidnthavetolearnflyingskills.D.Becauseshethoughtshecouldgotohellbydoingthis.AOnceuponatime,therewasabeautifulbird,whichwasverycuriousabouthell.“Whatdoes
6、helllooklike?”“Hellisasmallwelldecoratedcage.”Beforesheclosedhereyesforever,shefinallyansweredthatquestionherself.1.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdatlastfoundthat_.A.hellwasaplacefullofburningfireB.hellwasaplacefullofwaterC.hellwasasmallwelldecoratedcageD.therewasnohellC定位题干关键词定位题干关键词词义猜测题词义猜测题找到原文单词出
7、处找到原文单词出处精读上下文精读上下文判断词义判断词义Organicagriculturehasprovidedasolutiontotheharmfuluseofchemicals.Farmerscannotrisklosingtheircropstoinsects,.Farmersreleasetinypiratebugs,ladybugs,etc.intotheirfarms.Genetically-modified(基因改变的基因改变的)plantsareanotherwaytofightinsectpestssothattheyarenolongerattractedtothetas
8、teoftheplants.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto?A.Chemicals.B.Insectpests.C.Naturalpredators.D.Geneticallymodifiedplants.BPlantbaseddietsareoftenshowntobegoodforhealth.YetAustralianseatalotofmeatandarereluctanttocompletelycutmeatfromtheirdiet.Soitsimportanttoknowthateatingaplantbaseddietdoesn
9、thavetomeanbecomingavegetarian.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reluctant”probablymean?A.Ready.B.Unwilling.C.Eager.D.Disappointed.BIntheevening,ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace,withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare,ridesatthistime
10、ofdayarestillveryimpressive.Asthesunsrayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses,theromanceofAfricacomestolife.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Sedate”probablymean?A.Wildandromantic.B.Slowandpeaceful.C.Hungryandthirsty.D.Activeandexcited.BThismonth,Germanystransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefir
11、stsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自动驾驶车辆自动驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriversroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemiautonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriver
12、lessfuture.1.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraphreferto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredriversroleisnotclear.D定位题干关键词定位题干关键词主旨大意题主旨大意题略读首段和尾段略读首段和尾段重点寻读短文主题重点寻读短文主题和重点信息和重点信息分析选项，弃细分析选项，弃细节具体，抓目的节具体，抓目的与结论与
13、结论问题形式问题形式1.Whatmaybethebesttitle/topic/headlineforthetext?2.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?3.Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis_.4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext/Xparagraph?5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?6.Thepurposeofthispassageis_.7.Thepassagemainlyfocusedon_.8.Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgr
14、oups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygapwithconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilencean
15、dviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.Manynativevaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbee
16、nsaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Foreexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesabouttheto
17、picunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercaregiversneedtobeawareofthepos
18、siblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatientssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstanding
19、toassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGoldThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosa
20、y.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygapwithconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.Manynativevaluesilence
21、andfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Othe
22、rculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Foreexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregiv
23、enbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercaregiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatient
24、smaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatientssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatmayb
25、ethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGoldBThetaxistoppedoutsidetheentrance.Shelookedaroundthehotellobby(大厅大厅).“MissSharp,wherehaveyoubeen?!”Lyinginthehospitalbed,shehadpractisedthestoryofherabsencesooftenthatshewaswordper
26、fect.“Accidentwithathief.Isayaccident,buthisintentionswereentirelydeliberate.Grabbedmyhag.Hurtmyhand.”Apauseandthen:“Theworstthingwasthatithappenedinbroaddaylight.”Sheremembered,orthoughtsheremembered,sittingonthegroundwithonelegbentpainfullyunderneathher.Peoplerushedpast,takingadiversion(绕行绕行)aroun
27、dherasifshewerearoundabout.1.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.WhatMissSharpplannedtotellthehotelstaff.B.AtrueaccountofMissSharpsexperience.C.WhatMissSharpexperiencedinhospital.D.AfunnystorymadeupbyMissSharp.A命题角度：命题角度：1 1、推断隐含意义、推断隐含意义2 2、推断写作意图、推断写作意图3 3、推断观点态度、推断观点态度4 4、推断文章出处、推断文章出处推理判断题推理判断题
28、 推断隐含意义推断隐含意义 It can be inferred from the text that _.From the text we know that is most likely _.When the writer talks about,what the writer really means is _.The writer suggests that _.The story implies/indicates that _.We can infer/conclude from the passage that _.1.针对细节推断推理判断推理判断查读细节理论依据查读细节理论依据
29、分析评价分析评价,分析逻辑关系分析逻辑关系1.针对细节推断23.What can we infer in paragraph 2?24.What can be concluded from the book Watching the English?C1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetlei
30、scalledthedeathwatchbeetle.Itcanbeinferred fromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle_.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.2.Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudontturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorcl
31、ingingto（依附）（依附）theundersidewilldie.Thepassageimpliesthatrocks_.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.wontbefoundonbeachesD.cantbefoundonbeachesBThepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects3.Onedayaman
32、walkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”
33、D4.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.DMarydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.4.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor，sherefusestofallintoselfpity.“Everybodyon
34、earthcanask,whyme?aboutsomethingorother,”sheinsists.“Itdoesntdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的免疫的)toheartachepain,anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.IvecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasIvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”C2.针对主题思想借助常识借助常识以主题为核心以主题
35、为核心分析分析逻辑关系逻辑关系 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?A.Happinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountry.B.Healthismoreimportantthanmoney.C.Theharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportant.D.Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten.Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadntbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoi
36、nganimportantjobeatinginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.topicsentenceC
37、推断作者观点和态度推断作者观点和态度 1.问题形式 The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that _.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。attitude/feelingobjective客观的neutral中立的positive积极的negative消极的approval赞成的disapproval反对的indifferent冷漠的ironic讽刺的critical批评的optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观
38、的cautious中立的admiring崇拜的IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.AnditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofallLUNCH!Th
39、eparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.(2017全国全国I卷卷B篇篇)1.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.Itsunexpected.B.Itsbeautiful.C.Itshumorous.D.Itsdiscouraging.BLiusaidshewasinspiredbyseeing“somanypeoplewhoareexcitedaboutthefuture.”Edgertonsaidhesmuchimpressedbythenextgenerati
40、onoffilmmakers.“Theyhavetheireyesonwhatsreallygoingon,”hesaid.“Andtheyrenotthinkingaboutthemoney,andIlovethat!”1.WhatwasexpressedinEdgertonswords?A.Praise.B.Relief.C.Conern.D.Curiosity.A Whatistheauthorsattitude towardsthefactthatCopernicuskepthistheory?A.HeisforitB.Heisagainstit.C.Heisneitherforitn
41、oragainstit.D.Hedoesnttellus.Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGodsideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicustheoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,whichsaidthingsfelltoear
42、thbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.A 推断写作目的推断写作目的 1.考查整篇文章的写作目的考查整篇文章的写作目的 Thewriterspurposeofwritingthispassageisto_.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_.2.考查某处细节的写作意图考查某处细节的写作意图Thewriterusestheexampleoft
43、oshowthat_.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_.TointroducesthTosellaproductorserviceToarractreadersattentionToattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattractionpurposeTocallonToresiststhToamusereadersToargueagainstandsupportonesownideaPlantbaseddiets
44、areoftenshowntobegoodforhealth.Arecentstudythatfollowedmorethan200,000USadultsformorethan20yearsfoundthateatingadiethighinplantfoodsandlowinanimalfoodswasassociatedwitha20%lowerriskofdisabetescomparedwithpeopleeatingadietlowinplantfoods.1.WhydidtheauthormentiontherecentstudyinParagraph5?A.Toshowthed
45、angerofanimalfoods.B.Toshowthehealthbenefitsofplantfoods.C.Toshowpopularityofplantbaseddiets.D.Toshowtherelationbetweenfoodanddisease.BThewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereadersattentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylorsimportanceD.invitet
46、hereaderstoanswerthem“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.B 推断文章出处推断文章出处 The passage is most likely to be taken
47、 from _.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.whereApplicationTextbookNewsreportAgeographybookAnadAwebsite/ablogAbooklet小册子小册子TV/RadioprogrammeAguidebookDontwanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefulle
48、st!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyouvebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyourethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Thistextmustbetakenfrom_A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogramB Do you always understand
49、 the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)tak
50、e two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text