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1、ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION语 法Discovering Useful Structures语 法By the end of the class,you will be able to:1.discover and summarize the rules of how to switch from direct speech to indirect speech.2.understand the necessity of using indirect speech,and able to use it in real life scenario.Learning Objec
2、tivesDiscovering the rulesPA RT 1Short Video Clip from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Questions:1.What did Hermine say in the video?2.Why did she say so?Questions:What did Hermine say in the video?And Why?Questions:What did Hermine say in the video?Ronald would like me to tell you that Seamus t
3、old him that Dean was told by Parvati that Hagrids looking for you.Hagrid:“Im looking for Harry.”Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechDirect Speech VS Indirect Speech What can you find out?Direct SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,“From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and d
4、ied.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked,“Will polar bears die out because of climate change?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked,“How can we save polar b
5、ears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.Direct Speech：原封不动引用原话（放在引号内）；Indirect Speech：用自己的话加以转述（不放在引号内）成陈述句。Direct Speech VS Indir
6、ect SpeechDirect SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,“From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked,“Will polar bears die out because of climate c
7、hange?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.The expert advised us
8、to work together to stop climate change.What can you find out?Direct Speech Indirect Speech：时态、人称代词、限定词、语序都发生变化Studying the rulesPA RT 2 How to change into indirect speech?she was doing a project on behalf of her school about global warming.Martha:“I am doing a project on behalf of my school about g
9、lobal warming.”Martha saidx 人称-根据句意情节进行变化x 时态-时态后移(move one tense back)How to change into indirect speech?she wants to become a scientist and help the world.Martha:“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”Martha saidAttention:当引语是客观真理、谚语格言、动词时态是一般现在时时，从句时态无须改变。How to change into indirect sp
10、eech?he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.Vincent:“I have never been to the Amazon Jungle.”Vincent saidx 人称-根据句意情节进行变化x 时态-时态后移(move one tense back)人称代词词变I/we he or she/they you I/wehe/she/it he/she/it 时间状语：now then(现在那时）状语地点状语：here there(这里那里）Direct Speech Indirect Speech Conclusion 1指示代词this tha
11、t;these those(近指远指）一般过去时一般现在时时变过去完成时一般过去时Direct Speech Indirect Speech Conclusion 2过去进行时现在进行时过去完成时现在完成时时态后移客观真理句时态不变。Direct SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,“From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,th
12、e bear appeared to have starved and died.How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式-陈述句直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语由that引导（that可以省略）。How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式1-陈述句she always uses her cloth bag when she goes shopping.Michelle said to me:“I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping.”Michelle told me
13、(that)直接引语中的动词如果是said to sb.,在间接引语中则变为told sb.(that)。How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式2-一般疑问句if/whether scientists would discover new species there.Vincent:“Will scientists discover new species here?”Vincent asked1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.主语+asked（sb.)+if/whether；3.间接引语都是陈述句，if/whether 后面调整为“主语+谓
14、语”语序，“？”变成“.”。How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式2-一般疑问句if/whether Hurricane Katrina had been the worst natural disaster in American History.Diane:“Was Hurricane Katrina the worst natural disaster in American History?”Diane asked1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.主语+asked（sb.)+if/whether；3.间接引语都是陈述句，if/whet
15、her 后面调整为“主语+谓语”语序，“？”变成“.”。How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式2-一般疑问句if/whether I/we could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.Bob:“Could you explain how the nuclear disaster happened?”Bob asked 1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.主语+asked（sb.)+if/whether；3.间接引语都是陈述句，if/whether 后面调整为“主语+谓语”语序，“？”变
16、成“.”。How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式3-特殊疑问句how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting.Laura:“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?”Laura asked3.间接引语都是陈述句，特殊疑问词后面调整为“主语+谓语”语序，“？”变成“.”。1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.主语+asked（sb.)+特殊疑问词；How to change into indirect s
17、peech?小变身：句式3-特殊疑问句what they could do to help wild animals.Laura:“What can we do to help wild animals?”Laura asked1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；3.间接引语都是陈述句，特殊疑问词后面调整为“主语+谓语”语序，“？”变成“.”。2.主语+asked（sb.)+特殊疑问词；How to change into indirect speech?小变身：句式4-祈使句Jack asked/told/ordered(us)not to print out documents unle
18、ss really necessary.Jack:“Dont print out documents unless really necessary.”1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.主语+asked/told/ordered(sb.)(not)to do。How to change into indirect speech?They suggested(that)going planting.They suggested(that)we should go planting.小变身：句式4-祈使句1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；1.人称、时态、状语根据具体情景变化；2.直接引
19、语是表示劝告、建议等意义的祈使句时，间接引语用“suggested/said+that从句，或“suggested+V-ing”加以引述。授课小建议Mr.Zhang asked if/whether I/we had written it down what he had just said.Mr.Zhang:“Did you write it down what I just said?”小反思：这节课知识点多且杂，虽然这样分析句子是找到语法规则最快的方法，但方式有些单一，怕学生会感到枯燥无聊。结合平时授课经验，建议这里可以放些学生或授课教师的照片，不仅能吸引学生，也会让学生更有参与感，而且
20、课堂气氛也会活跃很多。陈述句：said(that).句变祈使句：asked/told/ordered(sb.)(not)to do suggest+(not)V-ing.Direct Speech Indirect Speech Conclusion 3一般疑问句：asked+if/whether+陈述语序.特殊疑问句：asked+特殊疑问词+陈述语序.Applying the rulesPA RT 3What have you learnt?陈述句(that)I/we had done well the day before.He saidHe:“You did well yesterday
21、!”时间状语有时需要根据具体情景变化，常见的有：now then,today that day;tomorrow the next dayWhat have you learnt?一般疑问句The teacher:“Have you done your homework?”if/whether I/we had done my/our homework.The teacher askedWhat have you learnt?特殊疑问句The old man:“Where do you come from?”where I/we come from.The old man askedWhat
22、 have you learnt?祈使句They asked(us)to work hard.They:“Work Hard!”What have you learnt?祈使句The girl:“Dont say this word again.”The girl asked not to say that word again.Practice 11.Volunteers:“We planted trees on these barren sandy plots last year.”They said _ _ _ trees on _ barren sandy plots the year
23、 _.2.Sarah:“Are you interested in buying an electric car?”Sarah asked me _ _ _ interested in buying an electric car.theyifhadplantedthoseIambeforePractice 23.“Who is responsible for global warming?”he said.He _ _ _ responsible for global warming.4.“Stop using disposable chopsticks,Charlie.”he said.H
24、e _ Charlie_ _ using disposable chopsticks.askedaskedwhotostopisPractice 35.She:“Have you experienced heavy smog where you live?”She asked _ _ _ experienced heavy smog where _ live.6.“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _ _ a sensitive topic _ days.ifwhyIhadnu
25、clear wasIthosepowerConclusionPA RT 4Short Video Clip from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Questions:1.What did Hermine say in the video?2.Why did Hermine say so?Ronald would like me to tell you that Seamus told him that Dean was told by Parvati that Hagrids looking for you.Harry and Ronald fell
26、 out,and wont talk to each other.间接引语具有“委婉、礼貌”的交际目的，实现信息的有效传达。Direct Speech Indirect Speech三变词变时变句变人称代词：13；21；33指示代词：this that;these those(近指远指）时间状语：now then地点状语：here there所有时态后移，如一般过去时过去完成时陈述句：said(that).一般疑问句：asked+if/whether+陈述语序.特殊疑问句：asked+特殊疑问词+陈述语序.祈使句：asked/told/ordered(sb.)(not)to do sugges
27、t+(not)V-ing.HomeworkPA RT 5常规作业：将下列句子转换为间接引语。1.“I am having supper here.”he said.He said_2.“Dont look out of the window.”she said.She asked _3.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _Jim that _4.He:“How did you find it,Mother?”He asked his mother_5.“Did you read the book last week?he said.He _he was hav
28、ing supper there.me not to look out of the window.he could sit there.toldhow she had found it.asked if I had read the book the week before.进阶作业：请将这些句子转换成间接引语1.Ive been a volunteer for 17 years and I will take this as motivation to continue helping youth understand and protect mother nature,said Wang
29、 Ping,from Qinghai Province,who works in a green living team.Wang Ping said _ _ _ she had been a volunteer for 17 years and she would take that as motivation to continue helping youth understand and protect mother nature.2.This is recognition for my eight-year volunteering service in protecting biod
30、iversity.I will fulfill my duty and encourage more people to participate in the job,said Wei Xingzhi,who works in a wildlife protection society in Lijiang.Wei Xingzhi said _ _ _that was recognition for his eight-year volunteering service in protecting biodiversity.He would fulfill his duty and encourage more people to participate in the job.进阶作业：请将这些句子转换成间接引语3.Now we are advocating waste sorting.Can we make garbage bags at home in different colors?said Ju Ping,an environmental protection observer.Ju Ping asked _ _if we could make garbage bags at home in different colors.进阶作业：请将这些句子转换成间接引语