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1、Unit 3Unit 3In this class,you will1.recognize and summarize the meaning,form and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice;2.use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice to describe a situation that happened in the past.presentfuturepastpast perfectpast perfec
2、t tensepast perfect tense过去完成时结构：过去完成时结构：had(not)+done意义：过去完成时过去完成时：表示过去某一：表示过去某一时间时间或某一或某一动作动作之前发生之前发生且且已经完成的动作或状态。已经完成的动作或状态。主动语态构成:被动语态构成:had donehad been doneActive主动主动Passive被动被动The room looked nice.Somebody had cleaned it.The room looked nice.It had been cleaned.had donehad been done2.过去完成被动时基
3、本用法表示表示过去某一去某一时间或某一或某一动作作前已前已发生且已完成的生且已完成的动作或状作或状态The work had been finished by us by nine o clock yesterday.Grace realized a mistake had been made by her.The project had been completed by the end of 1999.1.She returned home and _(find)all her furniture _ (ruin)by the flood.2.This Monday morning I w
4、as informed I _ (choose)as one of three exchange students from our college.3.Arthur was surprised because the tornado _(take)the feathers off his chickens.4.He _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood passed through the village.foundhad been ruinedhad been chosenhad takenhad tried 1)过去完成时过去完
5、成时的时间状语：的时间状语：by+过去时间点；过去时间点；by the end of+过去时间点；过去时间点；by the time+过去时间点；过去时间点；before+过去时间点过去时间点。I (finish)reading the novel by 9 oclock last night.By the end of that year,Henry (collect)more than a thousand postcards.They (plant)600 trees before last Wednesday.By the time they arrived,we (get)every
6、thing ready.had finishedhad collectedhad plantedhad got 2)过去完成时常用在引述动词过去完成时常用在引述动词told/said/knew/thought.后后的的宾语从句宾语从句中。中。They said that they had planted the trees on the hillside.他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。他们说他们把树种在山坡上了。Jack told me he （read）the book before.杰克告诉我他以前读过那本书。杰克告诉我他以前读过那本书。Julie said she （go）to see h
7、im the day before.朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。朱莉说她前一天已经去看过他。had readhad gone状语从句：状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在发生在前，用，用过去完成时过去完成时；发生在；发生在后后，用，用一般过去时一般过去时。如：如：when,before,after,as soon as,till/until 引导的复合句引导的复合句。She didnt go to bed until she _(finish)her work.When I _(come)back,my lamb kebab _(eat)up.Not
8、e:如果两个动作紧接着发生，则如果两个动作紧接着发生，则可以可以不用过去完成时不用过去完成时The students _(rush)for the canteen after they _(finish)the homework.finishedhad been eatencamehad finished rushed 3)think，want，hope，plan，intend，mean和和suppose等词的等词的过去完成时过去完成时可以用来表示可以用来表示本来要做而没做或无法本来要做而没做或无法做的事做的事，或，或没有实现的希望或意图没有实现的希望或意图。Eve had hoped to
9、see more of China.伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。I had intended to be there on time.我本打算准时去的。我本打算准时去的。Greta had meant to see her off at the airport.格瑞塔本打算是要去机场送她的。格瑞塔本打算是要去机场送她的。4.在以下表示在以下表示“刚刚就就”的句型中，的句型中，从句从句(when,than)用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。hardly/scarcely/barelywhen no soonerthan I had har
10、dly got home when the rain poured down.Barely/Scarcely had I set foot in the street when I realized I was lost.No sooner had the kid said it than he burst into tears.Note:若hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner 位于句首，则主句部分部分倒装，即had+主语+done。1.我刚到车站，火车就开了。我刚到车站，火车就开了。(barely.when.)Hardly had the result been
11、announced when the crowd applauded.The result had hardly been announced when the crowd applauded.I had barely reached the station when the train started.2.结果刚一宣布，人们就拍手喝彩结果刚一宣布，人们就拍手喝彩(applaud)起来起来。(hardly.when.)Barely had I reached the station when the train started.5)用于用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示对后的宾语从句中，表示对过
12、去未做成过去未做成的事情的事情的的某种感叹或愿望某种感叹或愿望。如：。如：I wish I (be)there at that time.那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）I wish I (tell)him about it.我要是我要是没没告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他了了。)had beenhad not told I wish I had told him about it.He talked about Rome as if he had been there.If only we had
13、 entered college last year！I would rather you hadnt done that.If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.对对过过去去的的虚虚拟拟6)6)用于用于对对过去事实过去事实进行进行虚拟的条件句虚拟的条件句中。如中。如：(7)“It was the+序数词序数词+time(that)sb had done”“这
14、是这是/那是某人第一那是某人第一/第二次第二次/第第次做次做”“It was the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词名词+(that)sb had done”“这是这是最最的的”It was the first time(that)I (be)to Shanghai.It was the most inspiring performance I (watch).(8)“It was+一段时间一段时间+since sb had doneIt was at least three months since I (leave)Beijing.had watchedhad beenhad left 句
15、型句型转换：A:The chef had set up a farm to table restaurant before his new cookbook workbook was published.B:A new farm to table restaurant _by the chef before his new cookbook was published.A:They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.B:Their dinner _by the time Sam joined them.had been
16、set up had been finished【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The tickets _(sell)out before I came to the cinema.2)By the end of last year,we _(produce)20,000 cars.3)The train _(leave)before we reached the station.4)100 tractors _(produce)by the end of last year.5)When the police arrived,the thieves _(run)away.6)Sh
17、e told us that the meeting _(cancel).had been sold had produced had left had been produced had run had been cancelled1.It _(know)for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.(2019江苏江苏)2.A rescue worker risked his life
18、saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.(2018北京北京)3.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.(2018江苏卷江苏卷)had been known had been trapped had been carried1.Before I knew it an hour _(pass)and it was time to move on to
19、lunch.全国III卷2.Like many military medals,the one Zacs mother _(find)was a family treasure.浙江卷3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_(trap)in the mountains for two days.北京卷4.Mabry said he (not plan)to do much for his milestone birthday,so he was happy that the students (prepare)the
20、surprise celebration.天津卷had passedhad foundhad been trappedhadnt plannedhad prepared5.The interviewer was interested in the grades I _(get)in the exams.6.By the time we got a report,the firemen _(put)out the fire in the bar already.7.This is the first time he _(experience)disappointment.8.She _(want
21、)to help you but she had no time then.9.All the film tickets _(sell)out when I got to the cinema.10.The wallet _(wrap)up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.11.It was the third time that he _(make)the same mistake.had got had puthad wantedhad been soldhad been wrappedhad made ha
22、s experienced过去完成时与一般过去时过去完成时与一般过去时1.过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前之前已经发生或完成已经发生或完成了的动作，表示动作发生的时间是了的动作，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去过去的过去。一般过去时：过去一般过去时：过去某一时间某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。所发生的动作或存在的状态。2.过去完成时：助动词过去完成时：助动词had+动词的过去分词，助动词动词的过去分词，助动词had没没有有人称和数的变化。人称和数的变化。一般过去时：动词的过去式一般过去时：动词的过去式did/were/was。be动词;表示变化的词：go,g
23、et,turn,become.Grammar Rules时态结构用法一般过去时主动:_动作发生在_被动:_过去完成时主动:_动作发生在_被动:_did/was/werewas/were donehad donehad been done过去的某个时间 过去的某个时间/动作 之前【即学即练即学即练】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)到上个月底为止，我已经学了四千个单词。到上个月底为止，我已经学了四千个单词。2)他做完作业后，出去踢足球了。他做完作业后，出去踢足球了。3)我回到家时，她已经锁了门。我回到家时，她已经锁了门。4)Jim于于2019年去世的。年去世的。5)上周五他非常忙。上周五他非常忙。I ha
24、d learned 4,000 words by the end of last month.After he had done his homework,he went out to play football.By the time/When I got home,she had locked the door.Jim died in 2019.He was very busy last Friday.Review the words and grammar.Use the past perfect passive to talk about what had happened before you started a new habit of you own(at least 5 sentences).