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1、Discovering useful structuresGroup 1A.The old man has a son,who is in the army.B.The old man has a son who is in the army.Group 2A.Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B.Jim doesnt like to ask questions,which makes his teacher angry.Compare the two sentences Group 1A.The old
2、 man has a son,who is in the army.B.The old man has a son who is in the army.A.这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）B.这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。（隐含的意义：也许还有其他儿子，（隐含的意义：也许还有其他儿子，在干别的工作）在干别的工作）Group 2A.Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B.Jim doesnt
3、 like to ask questions,which makes his teacher angry.A 吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which 指代指代questions)B 吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which 指代指代 Jim dont like to ask questions 这个情况）这个情况）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限限制制性性定定语语从从句句是是先先行行词词在在意意义义上上不不可可缺缺少少的的定定语语，如如果果去去掉掉，主主句句的的意意思思就就不不完完整
4、整或或失失去去意意义义。限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中作作宾宾语语的的关关系系代代词词常常可可省略。省略。如：如：a)站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?b)多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。Toronto is a city(that)I ve always wanted to visit.c)刚才和她说话的那位是我们新来的负责人。刚才和她说话的那位是我们新来的负责人。The woman(that/whom/who)I spo
5、ke to just now is our new head.d)1949年年10月月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.2非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系不不十十分分密密切切，只只是是对对先先行行词词作作些些附附加加的的说说明明,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句句的的意意思思仍仍然然清清楚楚。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句之之间间往往往往用用逗逗号号分分开开，一一般般不不用用that和和why引引导导。非非限限
6、制制性性定定语语从从句句中中，关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has a very long history.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)He lent me a dictionary,which was just what I needed.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往大多数限制
7、性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由语从句常由whichwhich引导。引导。eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,foreign languages,which surprises all which surprises all the people present.the pe
8、ople present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。非常惊讶。析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。4.关系代词关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用用who代替代替whom，但，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时
9、不可用语时不可用who来代替来代替。eg.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。这是我在街上遇到的女孩。先行词先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替代替whom。eg.A young man had a new girl friend,whom(who)he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。留下深刻印象。5.比较：比较：a)She has two brothers who
10、 are working in the city.She has more than two brothers.她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。b)She has two brothers,who are working in the city.She has only two brothers.她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。下下面面两两个个句句子子只只有有一一个个逗逗号号之之差差，意意义义大大相相径径庭。庭。a)He will wear no clothes which will make him different from o
11、thers.b)He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。As在定语从句中的用法在定语从句中的用法1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。）as多与多与such 或或the same连用，可以代替连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词先行词是人或物的名词,引导限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句。）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语
12、从也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，经常翻译为句，经常翻译为“正如正如”，作用相当于，作用相当于which。例如：例如：The elephants nose is like a snake,as anybody can see.热点问题：热点问题：1、as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 the same as.,suchas结构结构Such students as are lazy will not pass the coming test.I want to have such a bike as he has.This is the same watch as I lost.这是一只和我
13、丢失的一样的手表这是一只和我丢失的一样的手表 2.As 引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的指代整个主句的内容内容，其定语从句的位置有三种情况，即句首、，其定语从句的位置有三种情况，即句首、句中或句尾。句中或句尾。As has been discussed in this class,cell phones are widely used.The pictures,as we have just seen,are of beautiful colors.Little pupils like playing computer games and affect their
14、 lessons,as is often the case with secondary students and senior students.小学生爱玩电脑游戏而影响了他们的学习，这对初中学生及高中学生也是如此。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，号与主句隔开，但但which所引导的非限制性所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：。例如：(1)As is expected,the England team won the footbal
15、l match.(2)The earth runs around the sun,as is known by everyone.1.This is such an interesting film _ we all want to see.A.as B.that C.which D.so that2._ anyone can see,they were very happy.A.Which B.As C.That D.WhatABas引导非限制性定语从句位于句首时，不能引导非限制性定语从句位于句首时，不能与与which 替换。替换。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
16、表意表意功能功能形式形式修饰先行词修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个句子修饰先行词或整个句子无逗号与主句分开无逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开使用时可以用使用时可以用that引导引导使用时不能用使用时不能用that和和why引导引导与主句语意关系与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句紧凑，定语从句不能删除不能删除与主句语意关系松散，与主句语意关系松散，定语从句可以删除定语从句可以删除revision1.Task 1:Ex.3(P4)(1)Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.Grammar:Attri
17、butive Clause(2)Hangzhou is a famous city in China where many people come to buy tea.(3).I dont know the reason why she got so angry.(4).You are talking to the old man who saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.(5).The woman remembered the day when she saw Nazis burying somethi
18、ng near her home.(6).St Petersburg is a very beautiful city,which was once called Leningrad.(7).I remember the soldier who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.(8).The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine,where they wanted to hide them.(9).Xian is one of the few cities whose walls remain as good
19、 as before.(10).Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked after.2.Task 2:Fill in the blanks using which,as,when,who,whom,where,when,why,that.(1)St Petersburg is a very beautiful city,_ was once called Leningrad.(2)In Xian,I met a teacher,_ has a strong love for cultural
20、 relics and took me to visit the history museum.whichwho(3)I dont remember the soldier,_ told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.(4)My grandfather was a child then,_ people didnt pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days.(5)They moved the boxes to a mine,_ they wanted to hide them.who
21、whenwhere(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.(2)Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东）山东）(that/in which)where3.Task 3:Practice.(3)_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.(4)This is the very house _ he li
22、ved.(5)Next winter,_ you will spend in Harbin,Im sure,will be another exciting holiday.(6)Thats the reason _ he was late.Aswherewhichwhy(7)The pictures brought the days back to the old _ they swam in the river.(8)Robert and his songs _ were famous in the U.S.are also popular in China.(9)They are alw
23、ays smoking,_ of course,will do harm to their health.(10)The situation _ you use the words is very clear in fact.whenthatwhichwhere1.The reason why he explained at the meeting surprised us.2.I can remember the days when we spent together.why(that)when(that/which)Correct the mistakes3.The way in whic
24、h you talked about is very important for us.in which(which/that)1.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A what B which C that D it2._ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth.A It B As C That D What3.Have you seen the film Titanic,_ leading actor is ver
25、y popular.A its B what C that D whose4.Recently I bought a vase,_ was very high.A which price B its priceC the price of which D the price of whose5._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in the senior schools is increasing.A which B As C That D It6.Tangshan was hit by earthquake,from _effects the people were still suffering.A that B whose C those D what